Pengaruh Limbah Beton sebagai Pengganti Agregat Kasar terhadap Kuat Tekan Beton

Concrete is the main material factor in a construction project field that is often used, because concrete has a high compressive strength value so it is very useful for structural buildings to withstand axial forces or compressive forces on the building itself where the structure can be used. for the long term. However, along with the increase in construction development in Indonesia, it has a negative impact on the environment around the construction site because with the rampant construction of this building it will trigger environmental pollution due to the remaining concrete waste from the construction project. On this basis, it encourages the author to conduct research by utilizing waste concrete as a substitute for coarse aggregate for the compressive strength of concrete, by reusing the concrete waste will increase the life of the material from the waste itself. In this study, the materials used were tested first, such as; cement density, silt content, water content, specific gravity absorption, wear testing and sieve analysis on aggregates. Then for the concrete mixture using concrete waste with variations of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the total weight of coarse aggregate. In this study, the compressive strength at the age of 21 days with a mixture of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% concrete had a compressive strength of 200.92 kg/cm2, 188.83 kg/cm2, 206, respectively. 96 kg/cm2, 177.50 kg/cm2, and 179.01 kg/cm2. Then experienced an average shrinkage of 9.53 kg/cm2 at the age of 28 days. The optimum compressive strength is at 50% mixed variation, with a value of 206.96 kg/cm2 because it has an increase of 3% higher than normal concrete compressive strength with a mixing ratio of 1:2.5:3.5 and a slump value of ±13.25 cm and the dry weight of the concrete is 7.69 kg.

Tribological studies of different bioimplant materials for orthopedic application using Taguchi experimental design

In this research ball on disc wear tests have been carried out with ASTM G-99 standard at room temperature in simulated body fluid. The tribological property such as the coefficient of friction and wear weight loss was studied by using the Taguchi design of experiments. The design of the experiment was done using L8 orthogonal array to determine the collective contribution of the wear parameters. An analysis of variance demonstrated that the individual contribution of type of material factor was 97.15% and 66.66% for the coefficient of friction and wear weight loss respectively, which is the highest individual contribution as compared to other factors. It was concluded that the coefficient of friction and wear weight loss is mainly influenced by type of material factor. The analysis of the signal-to-noise ratio shows that the optimal coefficient of friction and wear weight loss was obtained with CoCrMo material at an applied normal load of 5 N with a sliding velocity of 0.05 m/s for a track diameter of 30 mm. To check the accuracy of results a confirmation test was carried out which indicates that predicted values are very close to the experimental values and the model is significant to predict the coefficient of friction. The results showed that the coefficient of friction and wear weight loss increases with increasing the applied load and sliding velocity. The microstructure of all substrates materials was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. Wear track study showed that adhesive dominant wear mechanism for all four different substrate materials.

Level of Food Consumption by Population of Sverdlovsk Region (Budget Surveys in 1986—1990)

Issues related to the level of consumption by the population of the USSR in the “perestroika” period of its history are considered. In order to conduct an objective historical analysis of the problem, the authors used materials from the funds of three archives, some of which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. It is emphasized that the second half of the 1980s was crucial for the Soviet Union, becoming the last five years in its difficult history. The results of a comparative analysis of food consumption by the population of the Sverdlovsk region in the study period are presented. A clear discrepancy between the level of consumption of a number of food products by the population of the Middle Urals and the norms of their scientifically grounded rational consumption is determined. The emphasis is made on the fact that in the diet of Soviet citizens there was always a very shortage of vegetables, melons, fruits and, to some extent, fish products. It is proved that the chronic underconsumption of these products was to a certain extent “compensated” by the increased consumption of sugar, confectionery and dairy products, and in the difficult 1940s–1950s — bakery products and potatoes. It is concluded that it is not necessary to overly dramatize the “material” factor in the development of disintegration processes that led to the collapse of the Soviet Union.

ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH KAKAO MENJADI PAKAN TERNAK DI PT BERAU COCOA, KALIMANTAN TIMUR

Waste is the residual product from an industrial process and the household, useless, no economic value and is a serious problem in the industrial era 4.0, where regulations on environmentally friendly industrialization are an important issue. Primary industries such as sugar cane, oil palm, cocoa produce a lot of wastes during the pre-harvest period such as leaves and three litters, and in the post-harvest period such as pulp, fruit skins, and fruit pulp. PT Berau Cocoa processes cocoa skin waste into animal feed which is applied to cattle in Binungan. This research uses a descriptive research method and how to teach data by distributing 50 questionnaires to cocoa farmers. The results of data analysis show the fact that most cocoa farmers are male of 38 peoples (76%), high school education level of 33 peoples (82%), joined along 4-6 years as 45 peoples (90 %), all respondents are married, and own private land. Supporting factors that influence the processing of cocoa waste into animal feed can be seen from the average value of each factor, method factor (0.596), material factor (0.512), human factor (0.416), and money factors (0.404), and the lowest average is the engine factor (0.312).

Abortions in the Under-Russian Ukraine in the 19th – early 20th centuries: modernization vs. traditional culture

The article considers the attitude of the society of the Under-Russian Ukraine of the 19th – early 20th centuries to abortion through the prism of confronting the values of traditional culture with its condemnation of abortion as a sin of infanticide, and new urbanization trends that justified abortion. The growth in the number of abortions in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, which was a natural consequence of the deformation of the family institution against the background of modernization processes, has been demonstrated. The reasons that pushed women to have an abortion have been analysed. If among rural girls the main reason was the fear of being punished by the community for premarital sex or adultery, becoming an outcast (single mother), etc., among urban residents the material factor dominated (inability to feed a large number of children). At the same time, it was determined why abortions were low popularity among peasant women (strong positions of the Christian doctrine of infanticide, high probability of death during the operation, the dominance of the cult of the mother). Methods of abortion (mechanical and chemical) are given. The criminal liability of women and midwives for miscarriage is shown. The author provides significant statistics on the number of people convicted of criminal abortion not only in the Russian Empire, but also in the world, as well as examples of public struggle for the decriminalization of abortion. Legislation of the Russian Empire in the early twentieth century demonstrates a much more loyal attitude towards women who have resorted to abortion, given the new realities and challenges of the time. The probability of punishment for abortion was low, because, on the one hand, most miscarriages were made voluntarily, and therefore cases were rarely sent to court, except in the case of a woman’s death during surgery, and on the other hand – jurors often acquitted abortions. women and midwives.

Proapoptotic Bad Involved in Brain Development, When Severely Defected, Induces Dramatic Malformation in Zebrafish

The BH3-only molecule Bad regulates cell death via its differential protein phosphorylation, but very few studies address its effect on early embryonic development in vertebrate systems. In this work, we examined the novel role of zebrafish Bad in the initial programmed cell death (PCD) for brain morphogenesis through reducing environmental stress and cell death signaling. Bad was considered to be a material factor that because of the knockdown of Bad by morpholino oligonucleotides, PCD was increased and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was enhanced, which correlated to trigger a p53/caspase-8 involving cell death signaling. This Bad knockdown-mediated environmental stress and enhanced cell dying can delay normal cell migration in the formation of the three germ layers, especially the ectoderm, for further brain development. Furthermore, Bad defects involved in three-germ-layers development at 8 hpf were identified by in situ hybridization approach on cyp26, rtla, and Sox17 pattern expression markers. Finally, the Bad knockdown-induced severely defected brain was examined by tissue section from 24 to 48 h postfertilization (hpf), which correlated to induce dramatic malformation in the hindbrain. Our data suggest that the BH3-only molecule Bad regulates brain development via controlling programmed cell death on overcoming environmental stress for reducing secondary cell death signaling, which suggests that correlates to brain developmental and neurological disorders in this model system.

Influence of origin and size of potato planting material on morphological characteristics of seed tubers

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of the origin and size of planting material on the morphological characteristics of seed tuber's three potato cultivars. The objects of research were three varieties of potatoes: Aladdin, Newton and Desiree. The analysis of the morphological characteristics tuber showed highly significant (r<0.01) differences under influenced origin planting material (factor O) and size of seed tuber (factor S). Significance influence (r<0.01) genotype (factor G) was detected on the number of sprouts per tuber and sprouts length. Seed tubers originating from a lower altitude (350 m a.s.l.) formed a significantly (r<0.01) greater number of sprout per tuber, 0.59 or 7.33% more in comparison with tubers originating from 1300 m a.s.l. Statistical analysis of the number of sprouts per tuber showed a significantly (r<0.01) lower number of germs in fractions of 40 and 60 g, compared to the larger fraction of 80 g.

Influence of the Profession and Industry of Work on the Labor Mobility of the Applicant

The article examines the problem of the influence of the profession and industry of work of Russian applicants on their labor mobility. The general growth of labor mobility of the population is currently caused by several factors: change in the labor values of applicants, technological progress, desynchronization of the education sector and the labor market, growth of the economic crisis, etc. The main reasons prompting applicants to think about changing their current job in the article are the aspects of their relation to those professional areas and industries in which they are currently working or would like to work in the future. The authors analyzed the results of surveys of applicants of various ages and from various professional fields regarding their desire to change their profession (without taking into account the influence of the material factor), as well as their opinions regarding the most attractive professional fields for them. In addition, there are the opinions of applicants regarding the reasons prompting them to think about changing their profession. The article also examines data from interviews with applicants regarding their desire to move to work in a company from another industry.

Assessing and Prioritizing the Critical Success Factors and Delays of Project Management Implementation: Empirical Evidence at Construction Projects in Jordan

The main goal of this research is to examine and then prioritize the critical success factors (CSFs) and delay reasons across the project management implementation stage. The study adopted the qualitative approach to introduce a full classification of the CSFs and delay reasons in project management. A total of 44 articles were reviewed to mine the various CSFs and delays based on conclusions of previous literature. This review leads to define a matrix of factors that are aligned with the project management in the context of the Jordanian construction project. Besides, the questionnaire instrument was designed based on outcomes of the critical analysis of literature; this instrument was administrated to a sample of 198 respondents across 20 Jordanian construction projects. The study sample entailed project managers, engineers, and senior department heads who were asked to assess the relevance and importance of the extracted CFSs. The questionnaire instrument was designed based on a 5-points Likert scale. Further, the data analysis was conducted based on the means values of the responses. The literature review resulted in categorizing the factors into five groups, namely, human&rsquo;s related factors, organizational and managerial, material factor, project-related factors, and the external environment and stakeholders&rsquo; factors. This research applied a taxonomy approach to classifying the mean values throughout three ideas, namely, the classification of the major success factors and delays, the exploration of the sub success factors and delays within each significant factor, and last the exploration of the most critical sub success factors and delays regardless of the significant factor they are linked to this group. According to the analyses results, the major success factors were evaluated based on priority ranking, and the results showed that the projects related factors group was the most crucial motive of either success or delays. Still, human-related factors were the least important factors group; however, the &ldquo;coherent team.&rdquo; was the most sub factor evaluated. For the organizational and managerial sub-factors, the functional manager support was the most evaluated subfactor. Last, the materials sub-factor of the availability of materials was ranked as the most subfactor evaluated.

KONTRIBUSI PENGARUH FAKTOR DAN VARIABEL YANG MEMENGARUHI CAPAIAN MUTU PELAKSANAAN PRESERVASI JEMBATAN

Bridges are an important part of a road network system, so they need to be kept functioning properly. Bridge preservation is one of the important and fundamental types of handling to maintain the condition of the bridge in good condition and restore the condition of the bridge to its original capacity so that it can serve effectively. The purpose of this study is to identify the contribution of the influence of factors and variables that affect the quality of the implementation of bridge preservation. Data analysis was based on the results of a survey of respondents who came from service users, service providers and the public who had been involved in implementing bridge preservation. The analysis was conducted using the Structural Equation Modeling method. The results showed that the implementation of bridge preservation factors and variables that influence the implementation of bridge preservation influence on the achievement of the quality of the bridge preserva-tion of 60.6%. The contribution of the influence of the factors that affect the quality of the implementation of the bridge preservation is the human resource factor contributing to the effect of 89.4%, a material factor of 81.8%, a method factor of 80.7%, a tool factor of 68.7%, a factor financial contribution of 54.0%, and environmental factors contributed an influence of 53.1%. To realize good quality achievements, the parties involved in implementing bridge preservation must pay attention to 6 factors and 33 important variables to be able to support these quality achievements. Keywords: bridge preservation; Structural Equation Modelling; influence contribution; quality achievement. Abstrak Jembatan merupakan bagian yang penting dalam suatu sistem jaringan jalan, sehingga perlu dijaga agar tetap berfungsi dengan baik. Preservasi jembatan merupakan salah satu jenis penanganan yang penting dan mendasar untuk mempertahankan kondisi jembatan dalam kondisi baik dan mengembalikan kondisi jembatan sesuai kapasitas semula sehingga dapat melayani dengan efektif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi kontri-busi pengaruh dari faktor dan variabel yang memengaruhi capaian mutu pelaksanaan preservasi jembatan. Data analisis berdasarkan hasil survei terhadap responden yang berasal dari pengguna jasa, penyedia jasa dan publik yang pernah terlibat dalam pelaksanaan preservasi jembatan. Analisis dilakukan dengan metode Structural Equation Modelling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada pelaksanaan preservasi jembatan faktor dan variabel yang memengaruhi pelaksanaan preservasi jembatan memberikan pengaruh terhadap capaian mutu pelaksanaan preservasi jembatan sebesar 60,6%. Kontribusi pengaruh dari faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi capaian mutu pelaksanaan preservasi jembatan adalah faktor sumber daya manusia memberikan kontribusi pe-ngaruh sebesar 89,4%, faktor material sebesar 81,8%, faktor metode sebesar 80,7%, faktor alat sebesar 68,7%, faktor keuangan sebesar 54,0%, dan faktor lingkungan memberikan konstribusi pengaruh sebesar 53,1%. Untuk mewujudkan capaian mutu yang baik, pihak-pihak yang terlibat dalam pelaksanaan preservasi jembatan harus memerhatikan 6 faktor dan 33 variabel penting untuk dapat mendukung capaian mutu tersebut. Kata-kata kunci: preservasi jembatan; Structural Equation Modelling; kontribusi pengaruh; capaian mutu.