scholarly journals The declining state: Aristotle teachings and post-Soviet reality

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-505
Author(s):  
Nikolay A. Vlasenko
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Scientific Concepts ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Methodological Guideline ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Municipal Employees ◽  
Sociological Studies ◽  
Official Sources

The substantive aspects of modern post-Soviet statehood are analyzed on the basis of the traditional methodological guideline, called the elemental approach (Aristotle, Jellinek), which presupposes the allocation of key state-forming features. The Aristotle concept of rejected state is actively applied. For the purpose of a deeper illustration of the so-called deviating moments in the post-Soviet states, metaphorical comparisons are used, such as imitation state, alienated state, selective state and others. Deviating patterns are described through weak systemic strategic planning and the lack of relevant scientific concepts, including in emergency situations, as well as insufficient supremacy of judiciary, plevalence of unitaty tendencies and others. The author's argumentation is supported by data published in various official sources (statistics, results of special sociological studies, current Russian legislation, reports, expert opinions, etc.). The article is intended for specialists in the field of the theory of state and law, political science, sociology, etc. It will be of interest to postgraduate students, state and municipal employees.

scholarly journals O paradigma científico no discurso da mídia brasileira sobre Zika e microcefalia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Juliane Lopes Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Denise Silva Matias ◽  
Nauana Nascimento Novais
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
Scientific Paradigm ◽  
Scientific Debate ◽  
The Public ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Biological Causation ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Official Sources ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: In 2015 Brazil was surprised by an increase in the incidence of microcephaly, related by the Ministry of Health to Zika virus infection during pregnancy. This theme, which was notorious for public health, reached wide popular repercussion through the media. Objectives: To describe the presence of the scientific paradigm in the discourse of health professionals, researchers or journalists who inform the lay public about biological causation. Methodology: All the news made available on the digital platform of the Folha de São Paulo newspaper, containing the key term "Zika and microcephalia" and published between November 11, 2015 and March 4, 2016, was performed. Scientific elucidation on the subject. The news items were classified as to the presence of certainty or uncertainty about the relationship between Zika and microcephaly in their content and the central idea in the subject titles. Results: Of the 387 reports analyzed, 51.4% related Zika as a causal factor of microcephaly, while 32.8% considered the presence of uncertainty in the relationship. It was verified that the newspaper privileged subjects related to the repercussions due to the diseases, being predominant the report of control measures. Considering the origin of the news, it was significant the use of official sources, presented in 82% of the news. Conclusion: The scientific paradigm was disregarded, ignoring the uncertainty principle and the scientific debate. The limitations of both journalists and health managers were also demonstrated in the elaboration of an effective communication with the public in emergency situations.

SPECIFYING THEORIES IN COMPARATIVE POLITICS: TOWARD A MORE THOROUGHLY DEDUCTIVE APPROACH

2007 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 165-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN N. MORDESON ◽  
TERRY D. CLARK ◽  
MARK J. WIERMAN ◽  
JENNIFER M. LARSON ◽  
ADAM D. GRIESER
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Causal Factor ◽  
Relative Degree ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Degree Of Confidence ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Qualitative Literature

Models in political science are often poorly specified prior to testing. In practice, most analysts rely on regression analysis to determine the weights for each independent variable (causal factor) identified in the model. We demonstrate a method for determining the relative weights of causal factors prior to testing of the model. The approach makes use of expert opinions in the qualitative literature in order to construct a more completely specified model in a deductive manner prior to testing. We also demonstrate several methods for assessing the degree of confidence we might have in the model based on the relative degree of divergence among the experts concerning the causal factors.

Problems of Implementation of Design Management: State and Municipal Service

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Юрий Лапыгин ◽  
YUriy Lapygin
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Design Management ◽  
Regulatory Issues ◽  
Municipal Service ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Municipal Employees ◽  
Regions Of Russia

The lack of skills of state and municipal employees, as well as the rigid organizational structure of the authorities, hamper the implementation of project management in the regions of Russia. In addition, the process of implementing project management often faces unresolved methodological and regulatory issues that do not allow the effective implementation of project management and its integration into strategic planning in the region. A review of the problems of implementing project management at the regional level allowed recommendations for their resolution.

scholarly journals Knowledge-sociological and information-sociological aspects of knowledge organization

2013 ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Hans-Peter Ohly
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Knowledge Organization ◽  
Scientific Concepts ◽  
Social Convention ◽  
Organically Grown ◽  
Sociological Studies

50 years ago knowledge organization, the development of scientific concepts and arrangements, has been seen as a logical and thus universal problem. Older approaches accordingly see areas of knowledge as naturally given and organically grown. At latest with the constructivism has entered a ‘turn’, which sees knowledge organization as a social convention and accordingly regards universal standards skeptical. Simultaneously in the sciences came up a stronger concern with historical and sociological studies of its foundations and in philosophy of science the return to different kinds of relativizations has gained more importance. In this paper, some single classical sociological positions are discussed, conclusions are drawn for knowledge and information as well as for science and knowledge organization and objections are designated.

scholarly journals UNITED STATES POSITION TOWARDS IRAN AFTER THE NUCLEAR DEAL (2015-2019)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 210-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Alarqan
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Nuclear Program ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
The Us ◽  
Un Security Council ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Economic Motives

Purpose of the study: This study examines the history of US-Iranian relations after the nuclear deal 2015 and it seeks to achieve some objectives. Methodology: The study uses a combination of the historical approach and the international order approach of the one hand, and the decision-making approach and the national interest approach on the other. Main Findings: The USA tried to dissuade Iran from pursuing its nuclear program. This was not for interests or economic motives of the USA; rather it was for satisfying Israel and maintaining its security, stability, and existence. It should be noted that the nuclear deal between Iran and the P5 + 1 was ratified by the UN Security Council, where the USA under Trump proved that it does not preserve or respect deals or conventions. Applications of this study: This research can be used for academic purposes for universities, lecturers of political science, researchers and undergraduate and postgraduate students. Also, it can be used for policy purposes for the decision-makers and politicians. Novelty/Originality of this study: The phenomenon that existed in nuclear deal 2015 and referring from various previous research results, the study regarding the US-Iranian relationship after the nuclear deal 2015 was conducted and presented comprehensively and completely. It is necessary to take into account this topic that can explore the US-Iranian relationship and determine the extent to which topic can contribute to political science researches.

Development of Sociological Concepts of Attributes of Consciousness Manipulation

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
V. N. Saenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Sociology Of Culture ◽  
Relevant Topic ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Sociological Studies

The article studies the development of sociological opinions on the definition and signs of manipulation within the framework of the theory of manipulation of consciousness. The study of manipulation of consciousness has been a popular and relevant topic of many scientific sociological studies since the second half of the XX century. There are many fundamental and applied works on this topic, in which manipulation is studied from the points of view of social political science, social psychology, social philosophy and sociology particularly in its sections like sociology of culture, sociological processes, sociology of management.

scholarly journals Analiza regresji z programem R – przykład użycia w badaniach politologicznych

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (55) ◽  
pp. 396-405
Author(s):  
Mateusz Wajzer ◽  
Monika Cugier-Syguła
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Degree Polynomial ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Statistical Procedures ◽  
R Program ◽  
Polynomial Models ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Second Degree

The aim of the article is to present the basic functionalities of the R program for the creation of regression models describing political phenomena. A database of voter turnout during the 2014 U.S. Congress elections categorised according to voters’ age was used for the analyses. The statistical procedures (linear and second-degree polynomial models) applied were discussed in detail, with paths to their respective commands being provided. The article is addressed primarily to postgraduate students in political science and related disciplines, as well as to researchers who have never used the R program before.

scholarly journals Recruiting students for the COVID-19 emergency response: lessons from eight African countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Mkenda ◽  
Mark Woolhouse ◽  
Francisca Mutapi ◽  
Geoffrey Banda
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
The Government

Background: This paper examines how African countries can innovatively use pre-qualified undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as retired clinical, laboratory and epidemiological technocrats in dealing with medical emergency situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: An online questionnaire was sent to key informants in six universities and two research institutions working with the Tackling Infections to Benefit Africa (TIBA) program eight African countries.  The return rate was 88.9% and data was analysed using the framework method. Results: Students and other personnel trained in the medical and health professions are a valuable resource that can be mobilised by African governments during medical emergency situations. These are found in research, academia, non-governmental organisations, and government.  However, without clear plans and mechanisms for recruiting, supervising and remunerating or reimbursing the costs of engaging someone not employed by the government, the legitimation and authority for such recruitment becomes a challenge. Currently, postgraduate students in the biomedical sciences are the most preferred because of their level of experience and exposure to medical techniques. They also have a degree certificate, which serves as a quality and competence assurance tool. Engagement of postgraduate medical students undergoing their residence programmes also seems a lot easier. While on the other hand, undergraduate students, who are the majority, are considered underexposed and with low technological capabilities. They also lack certificates needed to ensure competence, although we argue that not all tasks during pandemics require specialized skills. Conclusion: As a step towards strengthening national disaster preparedness capacities, African governments need to develop plans that clarify protocols for engaging, training, supervising and protecting students, especially undergraduates and those taking non-biomedical courses. Such plans may form part of the National Pandemic Response Plan, while considering both specialised and non-specialized roles of emergency response.

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