scholarly journals Sustainable rice farming systems: farmer attribute and land ecosystem perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-141
Author(s):  
Bo Hou ◽  
Eugene Burgos Mutuc ◽  
Linhai Wu ◽  
Hsiu-Yu Lee ◽  
Kun-Hwa Lu
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Health Care Education ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Land Tenure System ◽  
Economic Profile ◽  
The Government ◽  
Farm Inputs ◽  
Cost Of Transportation

This study assesses the sustainability of rice farming through the perspectives of farmer attributes and land ecosystem – sub-categorized as the socio-economic profile of farmers, resources, constraints, investments, and its economic contribution to the economic pursuits of families of farmers. It also proposes a program which can improve rice production in Bulacan, Philippines, and similar contexts. This study discusses the identified rice farming constraints such as inadequate capital, high cost of labor, inadequate supply of farm inputs, poor marketing outlet, high cost of pesticides, high cost of fertilizer, issues on land tenure system, ignorance on the existing rice farming programs of the government, poor storage facilities, high cost of transportation, pests and diseases, and climate change. The contributions of rice farming to the economic pursuits of families of farmers are analyzed in terms of their gross profit, savings, and family living expenditures such as food, clothing, recreation, personal item, health care, education, utilities, transportation, dwelling maintenance, and appliances/furniture. Lastly, the suggestions for sustainable and human health facilitating rice farming in developing countries are discussed.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF UAV SURVEYS FOR EVALUATING THE PRODUCTIVITY LEVELS OF TRADITIONAL AND MECHANISED FARMERS IN A CUSTOMARY LAND TENURE SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B3-2021 ◽  
pp. 617-622
Author(s):  
D. N. Olayinka ◽  
K. L. Omolaye ◽  
A. J. Ilesanmi ◽  
C. J. Okolie ◽  
I. D. Arungwa
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Aerial Survey ◽  
Crop Field ◽  
Land Tenure System ◽  
Land Holdings ◽  
The Government ◽  
Customary Land

Abstract. In most of Nigeria’s rural communities, land holdings are small and uneven; and this impacts significantly on their mechanisation potentials. This fragmented nature of the farmlands also inhibits the creation of an effective land market. This study utilised a digital orthomosaic generated from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) survey in evaluating the productivity levels of traditional and mechanised farmers in Okeho Community of Oyo State, South-Western Nigeria. The aerial survey was conducted with a DJI Phantom 4 Professional UAV covering 250 acres of traditional and mechanised farmlands to produce a very high resolution orthomosaic at 6 cm spatial resolution. Sixty-three respondents (61 traditional farmers and 2 mechanised farmers) were also interviewed using questionnaires. Their responses were keyed into a database with the Open Data Kit (ODK) data collector. The orthomosaic was classified into farmland units and a database of the farmers land holdings was created in ArcGIS software. Some parameters influencing their productivity were computed – Crop Field Fraction (CFF) and Crop Yield Index (CYI). The results showed that very few farmers had a shared equity on land (only 3%); most farms were acquired under freehold or lease. Also, only 1% of their farm sizes was larger than 5 acres. There was a sharp disparity in the crop field fraction (traditional farms – 32.2; mechanised farms – 68.8), and the productivity from the mechanised farmers surpasses that of the traditional farmers. It is recommended that the Government should support cluster farming systems among farmers to boost productivity.

AN EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY OF GRAZING LANDS USING THE ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT TOOL: A CASE OF CHIRUMANZU DISTRICT, ZIMBABWE

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (04) ◽  
pp. 1350017
Author(s):  
EDMORE KORI ◽  
AGNES MUSYOKI ◽  
NTHADULENI S. NETHENGWE
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
Ecological Reserve ◽  
Land Tenure System ◽  
The Government ◽  
Grazing Lands

The 1992 United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development Summit underscored the need to conduct environmental sustainability evaluations. Such evaluations are important as they communicate the relationship between natural resources extraction and environmental regenerative capacity. We use the Ecological Footprint tool to evaluate the environmental sustainability of grazing landuse for Chirumanzu District of Zimbabwe. Empirical evidence presented here relates to livestock data obtained from the Veterinary Department and a sample household survey. Results revealed the presence of a large ecological reserve, depicting sustainable utilization of environmental resources. Further unravelling of the results, however, revealed under utilisation of the available biocapacity. Livestock-limited environmentally sustainable is the concept used to describe this scenario. Further interpretation of the large ecological reserve indicates insecure land tenure system, low livestock ownership and difficult economic hardships faced by resettled farmers. The paper recommends that the government adopts policies that encourage the development of a sustainable livestock sector.

scholarly journals Developing the north: learning from the past to guide future plans and policies

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Ash ◽  
Ian Watson
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Investment Planning ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North

The development of northern Australia has been a policy ambition for over a century and the desire to do so continues unabated. Attempts to develop the north, especially for more intensive forms of agriculture are not new. In this paper we explore past agricultural developments, including some that persist today and those that have failed, to determine critical factors in success or failure. This was done with the aim of identifying where most effort should focus in supporting contemporary agricultural developments. Although climatic and environmental constraints, including pests and diseases, remain a challenge for agricultural development in these largely tropical rangelands, it is mainly factors associated with finances and investment planning, land tenure and property rights, management, skills, and supply chains, which provide the critical challenges. In particular, the desire to scale-up too rapidly and the associated failure to invest sufficient time and resources in management to learn how to develop appropriate farming systems that are sustainable and economically viable is a recurrent theme through the case study assessment. Scaling up in a more measured way, with a staged approach to the investment in physical capital, should better allow for the inevitable set-backs and the unexpected costs in developing tropical rangelands for agriculture. There are two notable differences from the historical mandate to develop. First is the acknowledgement that development should not disadvantage Indigenous people, that Indigenous people have strong interests and rights in land and water resources and that these resources will be deployed to further Indigenous economic development. Second, assessing environmental impacts of more intensive development is more rigorous than in the past and the resources and timeframes required for these processes are often underestimated.

Peasants and Revolutionaries: Some Critical Comments

1975 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Redclift
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
System Failure ◽  
Tenure System ◽  
History Of ◽  
Land Tenure System ◽  
Peasant Farmers

Professor Joan Thirsk has recently argued that the history of the peasant is not one history, but several. The demise of the peasant, insisted Professor Thirsk cogently, should be seen against the background of particular farming systems and the stages in their evolution. However obvious this point might be to an historian of sixteenth-century England, it is often lost on sociologists of contemporary Latin America. All too often attempts are made to assess the revolutionary potential of the Latin American ‘peasant’ without distinguishing clearly enough between sections of the rural population, and placing them within the context of the land-tenure system. Failure to distinguish between different groups of peasant farmers has important implications not only for academic research but also for Government policy.

Mission Land Tenure on the Southeastern Bolivian Frontier, 1845-1949

1994 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erick D. Langer
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
American Frontier ◽  
Tenure System ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Land Tenure System ◽  
Political Dimensions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Demographic Patterns

The land tenure arrangements of missions in Latin America have received insufficient attention. Given the vast extent of land the missions controlled on the Latin American frontier and the effect that land tenure arrangements had on the functioning of the missions, this is a serious oversight. Rather than focus on land tenure, most studies of the missions have examined primarily issues such as evangelization, the labor regime, and demographic patterns. While these topics are also important, indeed vital, to an understanding of missions, an analysis of land tenure arrangements is a useful way for understanding the economic and even the political dimensions of mission systems. For example, the control that the missionaries imposed on their charges should have been reflected in a majority of the land controlled directly by the missionaries rather than holdings controlled by individual Indian families. In this sense, the land tenure system reflected the missionary regime in important ways and helps test hypotheses about economic resources as well as power within this controversial institution. In addition, the changes in ownership and use of land became a key ingredient in determining the survival of indigenous groups once the government secularized the missions.

scholarly journals Heartrending or Uplifting: The Ethiopian Urban Land Tenure System Reform and Its Reflection on Tenure Security of Permit Holders

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-310
Author(s):  
Brightman Gebremichael
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
System Reform ◽  
Tenure Security ◽  
Public Purpose ◽  
Tenure System ◽  
Land Tenure System ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

In this article, I reflect on the implication of the urban land tenure systems of the three political regimes of Ethiopia on the objective element of land tenure security of urban landholders, particularly, permit holders. The objective element of land tenure security can be assessed in terms of clarity and breadth, duration, assurance, and enforceability of land rights. On these foundations, I argue that the objective element of tenure security of urban landholders in Ethiopia has been reduced with each subsequent regime. The Imperial regime’s urban land tenure system affected the objective land tenure security of urban landholders in terms of enforceability of land rights—particularly limiting the right to appeal to a presumably independent court of law with regard to the amount of compensation awarded for the loss of land rights through expropriation. The Derg regime’s urban land tenure system, on the other hand, had narrowed the breadth of land rights to possessory right; it introduced other grounds in addition to expropriation, by which a landholder could lose his land rights, it adopted a vague and broad understanding of “public purpose” for expropriation, and it introduced a compensation scheme that left a landholder compensated inadequately; and it totally prohibited bringing a legal action in presumably an independent court of law against the government. Even more, the post-1991 urban land tenure system has perpetuated the objective land tenure insecurity of permit holders by making the land rights unclear until the enactment of regulation; and to be valid for a definite period of time by mandatorily demanding its conversion to lease system.

Are Land Conflicts Documented Sufficiently in India?

2021 ◽  
pp. 097300522199759
Author(s):  
Pramod K. Singh ◽  
Abhishek Nair ◽  
Jofri Issac
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
English Language ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Land Conflicts ◽  
Land Conflict ◽  
Land Administration ◽  
Territorial Conflicts ◽  
Primary Driver ◽  
Land Tenure System ◽  
The Government

Land conflicts are impediments to socio-economic development. Understanding drivers and types of land conflicts is vital for peaceful conflict resolution and enhancing the effectiveness of institutions and agencies dealing with such issues. This article tries to develop and apply a methodology for tracking and characterising drivers and the types of land conflicts in India. We have applied the methods to peer-reviewed articles and thesis in the English language on land conflicts in India. Our results shed light on the most evident drivers and types of land conflict in India while challenging and supporting common assumptions. The key finding of our study indicates land administration as being the primary driver of land conflicts in India, followed by political, socio-economic and sociocultural factors. The most important type of land conflict occurring in India involves boundary or territorial conflicts. Of late, several conflicts are reported over special economic zones, which are also related to poor land administration and erroneous planning processes by the government actors. However, the published study reporting land conflicts in India fails to identify the root cause of such conflicts. In order to ensure better land administration, there need to have reasonably accurate and up-to-date records, which studies have not been able to identify. Another primary reason of land conflicts, which the studies have failed to acknowledge, is the problems germane to the prevailing land tenure system in India.

scholarly journals Faraizi Movement and Zamindars of Nineteenth Century Bengal: The Story of a Peasant Movement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Hossein Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Tenure System ◽  
The People ◽  
Legal Restriction ◽  
Permanent Settlement ◽  
Land Tenure System ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
The Government

The British colonial rule in Bengal had a very ominous impact on the people of the region as a whole. The introduction of a new land tenure system, known as the Permanent Settlement, and the creation of an all-powerful zamindar class particularly affected the interests of the peasants of Bengal. Under the new system, the government demand on the zamindars was fixed in perpetuity, but there was no legal restriction on the zamindars to enhance their share from the peasants. The peasants, consequently, became vulnerable to irregular rent increases and oppressions by the zamindars. The Faraizi movement, organized initially in the nineteenth century to reform the Muslim society, soon assumed the character of agrarian movement. In order to protect the poor peasants, the Faraizis soon became radical and challenged the zamindars. As majority of the peasants of the region, where this movement was launched, were Muslims and their zamindars mostly Hindus, the Faraizis used Islamic symbols to mobilize the Muslim masses. Thus, religion and economy intertwined in shaping such a protest movement in pre-industrial Bengal.  

Implementasi Kebijakan Agraria dan Ketimpangan Penguasaan Lahan (Kasus Lahan Eks HGU di Desa Cipeuteuy, Kecamatan Kabandungan, Kabupaten Sukabumi, Provinsi Jawa Barat)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 731
Author(s):  
Muhammad Febri Ramdani
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Agrarian Reform ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Reform Agenda ◽  
Agrarian Policy ◽  
Strong Relation ◽  
The Government

ABSTRAKMUHAMAD FEBRI RAMDANI. Implementasi Kebijakan Agraria dan Ketimpangan Penguasaan Lahan (Kasus Lahan Eks HGU di Desa Cipeuteuy, Kecamatan Kabandungan, Kabupaten Sukabumi, Provinsi Jawa Barat). Dibimbing oleh MARTUA SIHALOHO.Redistribusi lahan yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah sebuah upaya implementasi kebijakan agraria. Kebijakan agraria tersebut berupa asset reform (penataan aset) eks lahan perkebunan dengan skema legalisasi aset berwujud sertifikasi bidang lahan. Namun dalam pelaksanannya pemerintah mengklaim bahwa kebijakan tersebut merupakan agenda reforma agraria. Atas dasar klaim tersebut, penting untuk meninjau access reform (penataan akses) bekerja, karena pada hakikatnya reforma agraria merupakan asset reform (penataan aset) dan access reform (penataan akses) yang berjalan beriringan, dengan bertujuan untuk menata ketimpangan penguasaan lahan agar terwujudnya keadilan agraria (agrarian justice). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode kuantitatif yang didukung kualitatif dengan pendekatan sensus. Metode yang digunakan untuk menentukan responden ialah purposive sampling dengan teknik non probability sampling. Pengolahan data menggunakan uji statistik rank spearman untuk melihat hubungan variabel. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukan bahwa tingkat asset reform berada pada kategori rendah. Hasil uji statistik menunjukan bahwa asset reform berhubungan dengan access reform dan asset reform berhubungan dengan ketimpangan penguasaan lahan.Kata kunci: access reform, asset reform, keadilan agraria, reforma agrariaABSTRACTMUHAMAD FEBRI RAMDANI. Implementation of Agrarian Policy and Land Tenure Inequality (Case of Ex-HGU Land in Cipeuteuy Village, Kabandungan District, Sukabumi Regency, West Java Province). Supervised by MARTUA SIHALOHO.Land redistribution has been done by government as an effort of agrarian policy implementation. The policy came in form of asset reform of ex-plantation land with asset legalization scheme (land-part certification). But the government claimed that this policy is one of the agrarian reform agenda. It is important to observe how this access reform works, because agrarian and access reform can’t be separated one another, with purpose to reduce the inequality of land tenure so that the agrarian justice can be reach. This research used quantitative method supported by qualitative data, using the census approachment. Purposive sampling with non probabilty sampling used to specify the respondent. The data processed by rank spearman statistic test to analyze the relation between variable. This research shows a low level of asset reform. The statistic test shows that the low asset reform have a strong relation to low access reform, and high inequality of land tenure.Key words: access reform, agrarian justice, agrarian reform, asset reform

Syed Nawab Haider Naqvi, Mahmood Hasan Khan and M. Ghaffu Otaudhry (edt.). LaJld Reforms in Pakistan, A Historical Perspective. Islamabad: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics 1987. viii+216 pp.Price: Rs 220 (USS 35) for hardcover; Rs 140.00 (USS 20) for soft-cover.

1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-218
Author(s):  
Luther Tweeten
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
Land Reforms ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Rural Pakistan ◽  
The Status ◽  
Land Tenure System ◽  
Ownership Of Land ◽  
High Degree

The authors describe how Pakistan has grappled with land reform, surely one of the most intractable and divisive issues facing agriculture anywhere. The land-tenure system at independence in 1947 included a high degree of land ownership concentration, absentee landlordism, insecurity of tenant tenure, and excessive rent. Land reform since 1947 focused on imposition of ceilings on landholding, distribution of land to landless tenants and small owners, and readjustments of contracts to improve the position of the tenant. These reformist measures have removed some but by no means all of the undesirable characteristics of the system. The authors list as well as present a critique of the reports of five official committees and commissions on land reform. The reports highlight the conflicts and ideologies of the reformers. The predominant ideal of the land reformers is a system of peasant proprietorship although some reformers favoured other systems such as communal farming and state ownership of land, and still others favoured cash rents over share rents. More pragmatic reformers recognized that tenancy is likely to be with Pakistan for the foreseeable future and that the batai (sharecropping) arrangement is the most workable system. According to the editors, the batai system can work to the advantage of landlord and tenant if the ceilings on landholding can be sufficiently lowered (and enforced), the security of the tenant is ensured, and the tenant has recourse to the courts for adjudication of disputes with landlords. Many policy-makers in Pakistan have come to accept that position but intervention by the State to realize the ideal has been slow. The editors conclude that" ... the end result of these land reforms is that they have not succeeded in significantly changing the status quo in rural Pakistan" (p. 29).

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