scholarly journals The Pharmaceutical Availability of Gambier Leaves Bioactive Fraction Coated Tablet in Simulated Human Body Fluids

2018 ◽  
pp. 94-101
Author(s):  
Indah Sulistyowati ◽  
Nanang Yunarto ◽  
Nurul Aini ◽  
Kelik M Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Dissolution Profile ◽  
Dissolution Medium ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Coated Tablet ◽  
Bioactive Fraction ◽  
The Stability

The widespread usage of traditional medicine either in the developed or developing countries, makes traditional medicine requirements become a major concern in terms of assuring the safety and effectiveness of treatment. WHO suggested dissolution study to support traditional medicine clinical trials. The catechins from Gambier could reduce atherosclerotic lesions case caused by elevated levels of cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides. Catechin is hygroscopic that becoming unstable. Raising the stability, Gambier is made to a coated tablet. This study aimed to determine the condition of gambier leaves bioactive fraction coated tablet in simulated human body fluids through an in vitro testing using dissolution tester. Three formulations coated tablet with different coating percentage had been tested using dissolution tester apparatus. The test was conducted in water, acid, and buffer as dissolution medium to generate the dissolution profile. Tablet evaluation showed that the three formulations dissolved 71.25% ± 6.26 to 91.05% ±3.05 in the water, acid, and buffer dissolution medium. The gambier leaves bioactive fraction coated tablet had more than 70% pharmaceutical availability in simulated human body fluids.

Analysis of tribological behavior of medical-grade UHMW polyethylene under dry and lubricated conditions with human body fluids using Taguchi and GRA techniques

2020 ◽  
pp. 089270572094190
Author(s):  
Omar Hussain ◽  
Babar Ahmad ◽  
Shahid Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Tribological Behavior ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene ◽  
Tribological Performance ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Pin On Disc

The present work focuses on evaluating the tribological behavior of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) with 316L stainless steel and Ti6Al4V under dry and lubricated sliding conditions using human body fluids (synovial fluid and human serum). Eighteen trials of experiments were performed using a reciprocating sliding tribometer (pin-on-disc) at 37°C based on Taguchi’s L18 (21 × 32) array. The in-vitro experimental results revealed that UHMWPE offers better tribological performance under synovial fluid lubrication conditions irrespective of the counterface material. The optimization of the response variables (coefficient-of-friction (COF) and specific wear rate (WR)) was performed using optimization techniques (Taguchi and Grey relational analysis). It was revealed that Ti6Al4V counterface material under synovial fluid lubrication and normal load of 52 N exhibits the optimal tribological performance with UHWMPE. The contribution of process parameters on the COF and WR was evaluated using analysis of variance. It was established that load is the most significant parameter, affecting COF and WR.

scholarly journals Review of the Observations Which Have Accumulated with regard to the Significance of Diphtheria Types in the Last Four Years (1931–1935)

1936 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1029-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Cooper ◽  
F. C. Happold ◽  
J. W. McLeod ◽  
H. E. De C. Woodcock ◽  
J. S. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Adequate Explanation ◽  
Nasal Carrier ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Stability

In a series of more than 6,000 cases of diphtheria gathered from many parts of the country and from Germany during the last five years, at least 95% of the strains have fallen within three principal types described in 1933 as Gravis, Intermediate, and Mitis. Of these the Gravis strains have been found to be associated with the highest case death-rate and the greatest incidence of paralysis. The Intermediate strains are more nearly related to Gravis than to Mitis in respect of their case death-rate, and at least equal to Gravis in tending to produce hæmorrhagic phenomena. The “Mitis” strains are the most likely of all to produce lesions extending to the larynx and lungs, but apart from such complications are rarely the cause of death. The suggested nomenclature for the types is further justified by observations on the incidence of diphtheria in the immunized and on diphtheria mortality in areas in which different types predominate. Also, it is justified though not so definitely by observations on animal pathogenicity. Typical Gravis strains are so constantly pathogenic to animals that virulence tests with such strains are superfluous. The stability of the types both in the animal and in the human body is marked although a number of observations are extant suggesting fluctuation of type in vitro. It seems most probable, although open to question, that the fluctuations of type observed in many areas over a period of years are due to the waxing and waning of virulence of a number of independent races, rather than to mutations from one to another. The discrepancy between the clinical severity of Gravis infections and their poor capacity to produce toxin in vitro has not yet received any adequate explanation. The nasal carrier is the most important factor in the spread of diphtheria. Clauberg's suggestion that the variants from the three well-defined types which are met may best be explained by rough to smooth variation within the types, the rougher strains representing the more virulent forms in each type, receives a good deal of support from a wide survey of the accumulated observations. A considerable group of freely growing and rough-non-starch fermenting forms which are non-pathogenic would form an exception to this rule as these would be classified as rough “Mitis.” These may, however, eventually prove with further investigation to be diphtheroid strains distinct from “Mitis.”

scholarly journals In Vitro Studies Evaluating Leaching of Mercury from Mine Waste Calcine Using Simulated Human Body Fluids

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 4782-4788 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Gray ◽  
Geoffrey S. Plumlee ◽  
Suzette A. Morman ◽  
Pablo L. Higueras ◽  
James G. Crock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Mine Waste ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
In Vitro Studies

scholarly journals Lytic Bacteriophages against Mutidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: Development of an Effective Phage-based Approach to Combat Multidrug Resistance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willames Martins ◽  
Juliana Cino ◽  
Mei Li ◽  
Michael Lenzi ◽  
Kirsty Sands ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Phage Cocktail ◽  
Potential Use

Abstract This study aimed to develop a phage-based approach against Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type (ST16). Phages were investigated using sewage samples from Brazil, Bangladesh, Saudi Arabia, Thailand and the United Kingdom. After isolation, the bacteriophages were submitted to microbiological, structural and genomic characterisation. The best phages were selected to integrate a phage-cocktail for potential use in humans. In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to demonstrate the efficiency of this approach using a collection of 56 clinical strains of K. pneumoniae ST16 with distinct genetic backgrounds. Anti-biofilm activity, synergism with meropenem and activity in human body fluids were also evaluated. Fourteen lytic phages were isolated, belonging to Autographiviridae, Ackermannviridae, Demerecviridae, Drexlerviridae, and Myoviridae families. The viruses demonstrated good activity against our collection of K. pneumoniae ST16 at a different range of temperatures but also against other important Klebsiella clones such as ST11, ST15, and ST258. The cocktail Katrice-16 was highly active in vitro against K. pneumoniae ST16 collection consisting of isolates from several disparate countries. It demonstrated good in vivo activity in the Galleria mellonella model, anti-biofilm and synergic activity with meropenem. In addition, we also showed the Katrice-16 activity in human body fluids. Our results reinforce how effective bacteriophages can be, supporting their capacity for human clinical use to combat prevalent antimicrobial resistance bacterial clones.

scholarly journals Pectin-Based Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Toxicity and Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 2579-2588
Author(s):  
Mandeep Kaur ◽  
Aditya Wadhwa ◽  
Vineet Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Nanomaterials Synthesis ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Kinetics Of

Nanomaterials of biological origin are very useful for drug delivery applications. The stability, biodegradability and biocompatibility of pectin nanomaterials in the human body make them an effective drug carrier. This review focus on different aspect of synthesis, drug encapsulation, drug release and safety of pectin-based nanomaterials. The nanomaterials can be used for the delivery of different hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs to various organs. The release kinetics of drug loaded pectin-based nanoparticles can be studied in vitro as well as in vivo. The pectin-based nanomaterials have good pharmaco-kinetics and can ensure controlled drug delivery. However, the toxicity of pectin-based nanomaterials to human body needs to be evaluated carefully before industrial scale application.

scholarly journals Metabolome of Exosomes: Focus on Vesicles Released by Cancer Cells and Present in Human Body Fluids

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Zebrowska ◽  
Agata Skowronek ◽  
Anna Wojakowska ◽  
Piotr Widlak ◽  
Monika Pietrowska
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Shed Light

Exosomes and other classes of extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained interest due to their role in cell-to-cell communication. Knowledge of the molecular content of EVs may provide important information on features of parental cells and mechanisms of cross-talk between cells. To study functions of EVs it is essential to know their composition, that includes proteins, nucleic acids, and other classes biomolecules. The metabolome, set of molecules the most directly related to the cell phenotype, is the least researched component of EVs. However, the metabolome of EVs circulating in human blood and other bio-fluids is of particular interest because of its potential diagnostic value in cancer and other health conditions. On the other hand, the metabolome of EVs released to culture media in controlled conditions in vitro could shed light on important aspects of communication between cells in model systems. This paper summarizes the most common approaches implemented in EV metabolomics and integrates currently available data on the composition of the metabolome of EVs obtained in different models with particular focus on human body fluids and cancer cells.

Formation and Structure of Casein Micelles in Lactating Mammary Tissue

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 150-151
Author(s):  
Robert J. Carroll ◽  
Marvin P. Thompson ◽  
Harold M. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Colloidal System ◽  
Casein Micelles ◽  
The Stability

Milk is an unusually stable colloidal system; the stability of this system is due primarily to the formation of micelles by the major milk proteins, the caseins. Numerous models for the structure of casein micelles have been proposed; these models have been formulated on the basis of in vitro studies. Synthetic casein micelles (i.e., those formed by mixing the purified αsl- and k-caseins with Ca2+ in appropriate ratios) are dissimilar to those from freshly-drawn milks in (i) size distribution, (ii) ratio of Ca/P, and (iii) solvation (g. water/g. protein). Evidently, in vivo organization of the caseins into the micellar form occurs in-a manner which is not identical to the in vitro mode of formation.

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