scholarly journals Evaluation of biomass and certain biochemical parameters of earthworm Drawida willsi in response to organic amendments of iron mine spoil

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-175
Author(s):  
S. Nayak ◽  
◽  
C.S.K. Mishra ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Mine Spoil ◽  
Tissue Protein ◽  
Iron Mine

Aim: To evaluate the changes in the tissue protein, lipid peroxidation (LPX) levels, catalase (CAT) activity and biomass of earthworm, Drawida willsi in response to different organic amendments of iron mine spoil. Methodology: Farmyard manure, poultry manure, vermimanure and bio-fertilizer in various combinations were amended with the mine spoil prior to inoculation of the earthworm. Tissue protein, lipid peroxidation levels and catalase activity of the earthworm were measured over an incubation period of 42 days at an interval of 7 days. The percent change in biomass of the earthworm over the experimental period was assessed. Results: Significant variation in the biochemical parameters and biomass of the earthworm were observed in response to amendments. The highest tissue protein (151.6 mg g-1 tissue) was observed in spoil amended with VM and BF. The maximum lipid peroxidation level (0.11nmol mg-1 protein) and catalase activity (0.59 nkat mol-1 protein) were recorded in control. The highest (0.476 g) biomass was observed in spoil with vermimanure and biofertilizer. Interpretation: The results of this study proved that vermimanure with biofertilizer is the most suitable combination for amendment of iron mine spoil with least physiological stress on the earthworms. Key words: Biomass, Drawida willsi, Iron mine spoil, Organic amendments

Nutrient and Exo-Enzyme Dynamics in Organically Amended Iron Mine Spoil

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
Samrudhi Nayak ◽  
S.P Mishra ◽  
C.S.K Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Mine Spoil ◽  
Microbial Load ◽  
Enzyme Dynamics ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Iron Mine

The aim of this study is to restore the nutrient status of iron ore mine spoil through suitable organic interventions. This paper reports the effects of different organic manure and bio-fertilizer amendments with inoculation of the earthworm Eisenia fetida in iron mine spoil on certain chemical parameters, microbial load and soil exoenzyme activities. The mine spoil samples were collected at random from five years old spoil dump and amended with farmyard manure (FYM), poultry manure (PM) and vermimanure (VM) along with biofertilizer in different combinations. The pH, conductivity, % organic carbon, N, P, K, bacterial and fungal population with activities of soil exoenzymes amylase, cellulase and invertase were studied in organically amended mine spoil. Significant variations (p<0.05) in the chemical and biological parameters were observed between treatments and days of incubation. Higher values were obtained with PM followed by FYM and VM. Earthworm inoculation enhanced the values of all the chemical parameters except % organic carbon. Bacterial population and exoenzyme activities increased significantly (p<0.05) with earthworm. PM with biofertilizer was found to be the most suitable combination followed by FYM. Inoculation of Eisenia fetida could facilitate mineralization of organics resulting in higher nutrient availability, higher microbial load and exoenzyme activities required to facilitate spoil reclamation.

Effects of Liming and Fertilization on the Dehydrogenase and Catalase Activities

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 3464-3468
Author(s):  
Alina Dora Samuel ◽  
Simona Bungau ◽  
Ilona Katalin Fodor ◽  
Delia Mirela Tit ◽  
Cristian Felix Blidar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Npk Fertilization

In this paper we provide new data about the soil enzyme activity as a biological process, which is an indicator for impacts of factorial combinations of lime and fertilizers applications. Five plots divided into fifteen subplots were sampled for determination of the enzymatic indicators of soil quality, based on the actual and potential dehydrogenase and catalase activities. The research revealed that limed soil samples, in comparison with unlimed ones, resulted in significantly higher soil enzymatic activities (p[0.05) in the upper (0-20 cm), while in the deeper (20-40 cm) layer, only catalase activity was significantly higher (at least at p[0.02). Mineral fertilization, in comparison with its farmyard manuring, led to an insignificant increase in each of the three enzymatic activities determined, excepting catalase activity which was significantly higher (0.05]p]0.02) in the 0-20 cm layer. Based on the absolute values of the enzymatic activities, the enzymatic indicators of soil quality (EISQ) were calculated. The mineral NPK-fertilization and low dose of lime in the 0-20 cm layer, and mineral NP-fertilization and low dose of lime in the 20-40 cm layer proved to be the best variants of fertilization. The enzymatic indicators of soil quality in these variants reached the highest values: EISQ=0.821 and EISQ=0.889, respectively, indicating the presence of high enzymatic activities. It should be emphasized that a balanced application of lime, mineral fertilizers and farmyard manure leads to the formation of favorable conditions for the development of microorganisms, growth of plants and for an intense and lasting enzymatic activity.

scholarly journals Organic Amendments Influence Soil Water Depletion, Root Distribution, and Water Productivity of Summer Maize in the Guanzhong Plain of Northwest China

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Li Zhao ◽  
Lu-Sheng Li ◽  
Huan-Jie Cai ◽  
Xiao-Hu Shi ◽  
Chao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Summer Maize

Organic amendments improve general soil conditions and stabilize crop production, but their effects on the soil hydrothermal regime, root distribution, and their contributions to water productivity (WP) of maize have not been fully studied. A two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the impacts of organic amendments on soil temperature, water storage depletion (SWSD), root distribution, grain yield, and the WP of summer maize (Zea mays L.) in the Guanzhong Plain of Northwest China. The control treatment (CO) applied mineral fertilizer without amendments, and the three amended treatments applied mineral fertilizer with 20 Mg ha−1 of wheat straw (MWS), farmyard manure (MFM), and bioorganic fertilizer (MBF), respectively. Organic amendments decreased SWSD compared to CO, and the lowest value was obtained in MBF, followed by MWS and MFM. Meanwhile, the lowest mean topsoil (0–10 cm) temperature was registered in MWS. Compared to CO, organic amendments generally improved the root length density (RLD) and root weight density (RWD) of maize. MBF showed the highest RLD across the whole soil profile, while MWS yielded the greatest RWD to 20 cm soil depth. Consequently, organic amendments increased grain yield by 9.9–40.3% and WP by 8.6–47.1% compared to CO, and the best performance was attained in MWS and MBF. We suggest that MWS and MBF can benefit the maize agriculture in semi-arid regions for higher yield, and WP through regulating soil hydrothermal conditions and improving root growth.

scholarly journals Catalase activity of herbs in conditions of urban environment pollution

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
Alexander Sergeevich Petukhov ◽  
Nikolay Aleksandrovich Khritokhin ◽  
Tatyana Anatolyevna Kremleva ◽  
Galina Aleksandrovna Petukhova
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Environment Pollution ◽  
Metallurgical Factory ◽  
Species Specific

Pollutants entering plants cells are able to cause biochemical malfunction, including lipid peroxidation, which leads to the change in antioxidant system activity. Sustaining redox balance in cells is a required condition of plants survival in conditions of anthropogenic pollution. The goal of this research was the investigation of catalase activity in meadow grass, wild vetch, red clover, coltsfoot and chamomile near various factories of Tyumen. Plants were gathered near the highway as well as close to the metallurgical plant, engine factory, oil refinery and accumulator plants. The change in catalase activity in the cells of plants turned out to be species-specific. The decrease in catalase activity was observed in the meadow grass and wild vetch cells, while in coltsfoot, red clover and chamomile both decrease and increase in enzyme activity was obtained. Pollutants from all the examined factories affected more or less on the catalase activity, but the greatest effect was registered near the metallurgical factory, that probably related to high heavy metal concentration in plants. The lowest effect on catalase activity, compared to control, was observed near the highway.

scholarly journals Lipid Peroxidation, Lipid Profile Changes and Antioxidant Properties of the Combination of Vernonia amygdalina and Ficus exasperata on the Blood, Liver and Kidney of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
Ukperoro Uyoyo Jeremiah ◽  
Awarota Ruth Oghogho ◽  
Oroye Otsuko ◽  
Udeze Maria Chizoba
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Hepatic Enzymes ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Control Serum

Background: The use of plants known to possess significant antioxidant activities have been widely recommended in the complementary and alternate system of medicine in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Among the many plant used in Nigeria for the management of DM are Vernonia amygdalina and Ficus exasperata. This study was designed to assess the effect of the combination of the aqueous extract of Vernonia amygdalina and Ficus exasperata on blood glucose level, lipid profile, hepatic enzymes, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in alloxan-induced diabetes in rats. Method: Twenty five rats were divided into five groups. Four groups were made diabetic by the intra-peritoneal administration of alloxan monohydrate (150mg/kg body weight) while the fifth group served as normal control. Serum, hepatic and renal concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) as well as the catalase activity were determined. The blood lipid profile and some hepatic enzymes were also studied. Result: The combined extract lowered lipid peroxidation, increase glutathione concentration and catalase activity in all the tissues of diabetic rats. The individual extract lowered the total cholesterol LDL-Cholesterol, coronary risk index (CRI), and atherogenic index (AI) while increasing the concentration of HDL cholesterol in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes lowered hepatic enzymes’ activities but the leaf extract significantly increased it. Conclusion: It can be concluded that combination of the extracts showed additive effect on each other and it is highly recommended for the management of diabetes.

Effect of sodium metabisulfite on lipid peroxidation and enzyme activities in adult rat stomach and spleen

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
Elkadi Fatima Zohra ◽  
Boufadi Mokhtaria Yasmina ◽  
Meziani Samira ◽  
Sarsar Fatima Zohra ◽  
Djebara Soraya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sodium Metabisulfite ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Gastric Tissue ◽  
Rat Stomach ◽  
Adult Rat

Sodium metabisulfite (NaMBS) has been used as an antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in a variety of drugs and foods. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of subchronic ingestion of NaMBS on lipid peroxidation, protein and enzymatic antioxidants in the gastric tissue and splenic Wistar rat. The rats were divided into four groups (n = 06 rats/group) as follows; Control (C), rats treated with 0.25% NaMBS (S0.25%), rats treated with 1% NaMBS (S1%) and rats treated with 4% NaMBS (S4%). NaMBS was administered to animals via drinking water. At the end of the experimental period, Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxi-dase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and thiols were determined. Redox status assess-ment revealed that 1% and 4% NaMBS doses induced gastric and spleen lipid peroxidation in animals compared to the control group. On the other hand, activities of SOD, GPx, CAT and thiols were reduced in the S1% and S4% groups in the stomach and spleen compared to the controls. Slight changes were detected in the GPx and CAT in the stomach of S0.25% group compared to the control group. In conclusion, the subchronic consumption of NaMBS has an adverse effect on the spleen and stomach by inducing oxidative damage leading to an increase in lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and alteration of enzyme activity antioxidant.

scholarly journals The Mechanisms of Glutamine- and Fish Oil-Supplemented Resuscitation Fluids on Alleviating Oxidative Stress of the Lung and Liver in Rats with Trauma-Hemorrhagic Shock

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 429-429
Author(s):  
Bing-Xiang Liu ◽  
Hui-Chen Lo ◽  
Chien-Hsing Lee
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Hemorrhagic Shock ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Neutrophil Infiltration ◽  
Midline Laparotomy ◽  
Shed Blood ◽  
Main Factor

Abstract Objectives Oxidative stress has been demonstrated to be the cause of cellular and organ damage in patients with trauma hemorrhagic shock and reperfusion (THR). Our previous study showed that resuscitation fluids supplemented with glutamine and fish oil, the antioxidants with anti-inflammatory activities, may alleviate systemic inflammatory response and oxidative stress in the THR rats. The aim of this study was to further investigate the mechanisms of these supplements on alleviating THR-induced damage in the lung and liver, i.e., the 2 vulnerable organs in THR. Methods Male Wistar rats were suffered with 5 cm midline laparotomy and 2 catheterizations in the left carotid artery and right jugular vein individually for blood drawn to a mean arterial pressure 30 to 35 mmHg for 60 minutes and for resuscitation of shed blood and lactate Ringer's solution with or without L-alanyl-L-glutamine (13.5 mmole/kg/day) and/or fish oil (0.5 g/kg/day) within 10 minutes. The different resuscitation fluids were continuous infused (∼1.4 ml/h) for 42 hr. Normal healthy rats and intubation sham-operated rats were included as controls. Results In the lung, the THR-increased lipid peroxidation and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) were significantly decreased by glutamine with or without fish oil (one-way ANOVA, P &lt; 0.05). Fish oil was the main factor to decrease myeloperoxidase and activated caspase 3 in the lung of the THR rats (two-way ANOVA, P &lt; 0.05). In the liver, the THR-increased lipid peroxidation and TLR4 and the THR-decreased catalase activity were improved by glutamine and/or fish oil. In addition, fish oil was the main factor to decrease inducible and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and to increase IkB and phosphorylated NF-kB and glutamine was the main factor to decrease activated caspase 3 in the liver of the THR rats. Conclusions These results suggest that fish oil may alleviate neutrophil infiltration and NOS activation and fish oil and glutamine may elevate catalase activity and alleviate apoptosis to attenuate the THR-induced damage in the lung and liver. Funding Sources MOST 102-2320-B-030-005-MY3.

Oestrous, ovarian and adrenal response of the ewe to fasting and cold stress

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 545 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ MacKenzie ◽  
CJ Thwaites ◽  
TN Edey
Keyword(s):  
Acute Stress ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Adrenal Response ◽  
Cold Wind ◽  
June July ◽  
Histochemical Examination

The effect of acute stress on oestrus and ovulation rate in 40 mature Border Leicester x Merino ewes was examined in a factorial experiment utilizing the following fasting and shearing treatments: group HW, feeding ad lib., unshorn; group HS, feeding ad lib., shorn; group LW, fasted, unshorn; and group LS, fasted, shorn. The experiment was conducted in June–July and treatments began 7 days before the expected day of onset of the second oestrus following withdrawal of a progestagen pessary. Ovulation rates were determined by laparotomy or slaughter on days 2–4 following the onset of oestrus. Climatic data were collected twice daily and the severity of the stress experienced by the ewes was assessed by macroscopic and histochemical examination of the adrenal glands in a subsample of each treatment group. Severe conditions of cold, wind and rain occurred throughout the experimental period, and lipid accumulation in the adrenal cortex indicated that a physiological stress reaction had been invoked, particularly in the fasted groups (LW, LS). Fasting or shearing had no apparent effect on ovulation rate but a significant suppression of behavioural oestrus was observed in both treatments. While all ewes exhibited oestrus in the control group, shearing (HS) and fasting (LW) treatments reduced the incidence of oestrus to six ewes out of 10 and seven out of 10 respectively. In the fasted and shorn group, only three out of 10 ewes exhibited oestrus.

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