scholarly journals Study of physiological responses of Allium sativum to elevated CO2 and temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 1289-1297
Author(s):  
N. Rahman ◽  
◽  
R. Das ◽  
B.D. Narzary ◽  
D.B. Phookan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Elevated Co2 And Temperature ◽  
Ambient Co2

Aim: The present investigation was undertaken to study the response of some garlic varieties of Allium sativum under different ambient and elevated CO2 and temperature conditions in order to investigate the physiological responses under changing climatic condition. Methodology: A two factorial CRD experiment was conducted for two years with four varieties of Allium sativum (Ekfutia Assam, Assam Local, Bhima Omkar and Bhima Purple) under four atmospheric regimes [T1= Ambient CO2 and temperature; T2= Carbon dioxide Temperature Gradient Tunnel-I (400 ppm CO2 + 2oC higher than ambient); T3 = Carbon dioxide Temperature Gradient Tunnel-II (550 ppm CO2 + 4oC higher than ambient); T4 = Carbon dioxide Temperature Gradient Tunnel-III (700 ppm CO2 + 6oC higher than ambient)]. Major changes in physiological parameters of the varieties were recorded in Carbon dioxide Temperature Gradient Tunnel-II as compared to ambient condition. The rate of photosynthesis was measured on fully expanded youngest leaves of each sample plant using a portable Infrared Gas Analyzer. Results: The mean photosynthetic rate of all four varieties grown over two years was 13.43% higher in Carbon dioxide Temperature Gradient Tunnel-II over varieties grown for two consecutive years under Ambient CO2 and temperature. However, high CO2 concentration and temperature stress significantly reduced the stomatal conductance approximately by 27.48%. Interpretation: The results of this study gives a comprehensive analysis of garlic varieties under four different climatic conditions of CO2 and temperature and revealed that Ekfutia Assam and Assam Local and garlic varieties Bhima Omkar and Bhima Purple were promising varieties as they responded significantly to elevated CO2 and temperature regimes. This may provide some critical inputs for optimizing the strategies in future farming and farming opportunities of this commercially and medicinally important crop under changing climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Growth Rates of Lymantria dispar Larvae and Quercus robur Seedlings at Elevated CO2 Concentration and Phytophthora plurivora Infection

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1059
Author(s):  
Slobodan Milanović ◽  
Ivan Milenković ◽  
Jovan Dobrosavljević ◽  
Marija Popović ◽  
Alejandro Solla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Root Pathogen ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Elevated Co2 Concentration ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Ambient Co2

Interactions between plants, insects and pathogens are complex and not sufficiently understood in the context of climate change. In this study, the impact of a root pathogen on a leaf-eating insect hosted by a tree species at elevated CO2 concentration is reported for the first time. The combined and isolated effects of CO2 and infection by the root pathogen Phytophthora plurivora on English oak (Quercus robur) seedlings were used to assess growth rates of plants and of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) larvae. For this purpose, two Q. robur provenances (Belgrade and Sombor) were used. At ambient CO2 concentration, the relative growth rates of larvae consuming leaves of plants infected by P. plurivora was higher than those consuming non-infected plants. However, at elevated CO2 concentration (1000 ppm) higher relative growth rates were detected in the larvae consuming the leaves of non-infected plants. At ambient CO2 concentration, lower growth rates were recorded in L. dispar larvae hosted in Q. robur from Belgrade in comparison to larvae hosted in Q. robur from Sombor. However, at elevated CO2 concentration, similar growth rates irrespective of the provenance were observed. Defoliation by the gypsy moth did not influence the growth of plants while P. plurivora infection significantly reduced tree height in seedlings from Belgrade. The results confirm that a rise of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere modifies the existing interactions between P. plurivora, Q. robur, and L. dispar. Moreover, the influence of the tree provenances on both herbivore and plant performance at elevated CO2 concentrations suggests a potential for increasing forest resilience through breeding.

Acclimation of Stomatal Conductance to a CO2-Enriched Atmosphere and Elevated Temperature in Chenopodium album

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 467 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Santrucek ◽  
RF Sage
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Measurement Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Ambient Co2 ◽  
Intercellular Co2

Acclimation of stomatal conductance to different CO2 and temperature regimes was determined in Chenopodium album L. plants grown at one of three treatment conditions: 23�C and 350 μmol CO2 mol-1 air; 34�C and 350 μmol mol-1; and 34�C and 750 μmol mol-1. Stomatal conductance (gs) as a function of intercellular CO2 (Ci) was determined for each treatment at 25 and 35�C, and these data were used to estimate gains of the feedback loops linking changes in intercellular CO2 with stomatal conductance and net CO2 assimilation. Growth temperature affected the sensitivity of stomata to measurement temperature in a pattern that was influenced by intercellular CO2. Stomatal conductance more than doubled at intercellular CO2 varying between 200 and 600 μmol mol-1 as leaf temperature increased from 25 to 35�C for plants grown at 23�C. In contrast, stomatal conductance was almost unaffected by measurement temperature in plants grown at 34�C. Elevated growth CO2 attenuated the response of stomatal conductance to CO2, but growth temperature did not. Stomatal sensitivity to Ci was extended to higher Ci in plants grown in elevated CO2. As a result, plants grown at 750 μmol mol-1 CO2 had higher Ci/Ca at ambient CO2 values between 300 and 1200 �mol mol-1 than plants grown at 350 �mol mol-1 CO2. The gain of the stomatal loop was reduced in plants grown at elevated CO2 or at lower temperature when compared to plants grown at 350 μmol mol-1 and 34°C. Both photosynthetic and stomatal loop gains acclimated to elevated CO2 in proportion so that their ratio, integrated over the range of Ci in which the plant operates, remained constant. Water use efficiency (WUE) more than doubled after a short-term doubling of ambient CO2. However, the WUE of plant grown and measured at elevated CO2 was only about 1.5 times that of plant transiently exposed to elevated CO2, due to stomatal acclimation. An optimal strategy of water use was maintained for all growth treatments.

Predation of freshwater fish in environments with elevated carbon dioxide

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Midway ◽  
Caleb T. Hasler ◽  
Tyler Wagner ◽  
Cory D. Suski
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
High Pco2 ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Future Work

Carbon dioxide (CO2) in fresh-water environments is poorly understood, yet in marine environments CO2 can affect fish behaviour, including predator–prey relationships. To examine changes in predator success in elevated CO2, we experimented with predatory Micropterus salmoides and Pimephales promelas prey. We used a two-factor fully crossed experimental design; one factor was 4-day (acclimation) CO2 concentration and the second factor CO2 concentration during 20-min predation experiments. Both factors had three treatment levels, including ambient partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2; 0–1000 μatm), low pCO2 (4000–5000 μatm) and high pCO2 (8000–10000 μatm). Micropterus salmoides was exposed to both factors, whereas P. promelas was not exposed to the acclimation factor. In total, 83 of the 96P. promelas were consumed (n=96 trials) and we saw no discernible effect of CO2 on predator success or time to predation. Failed strikes and time between failed strikes were too infrequent to model. Compared with marine systems, our findings are unique in that we not only saw no changes in prey capture success with increasing CO2, but we also used CO2 treatments that were substantially higher than those in past experiments. Our work demonstrated a pronounced resiliency of freshwater predators to elevated CO2 exposure, and a starting point for future work in this area.

Effects of Elevated Carbon Dioxide Levels and Temperature on the Life History of the Madeira Mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juang-Horng Chong ◽  
Marc W. van lersel ◽  
Ronald D. Oetting
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Elevated Co2 Concentration ◽  
Elevated Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Co2 Level

Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and temperatures are increasing and, thus, the interactions between insect herbivores and their host plants in environments of elevated CO2 concentration and temperature must be examined. We investigated the combined effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (400 and 700 μmol mol−1) and temperature (20, 25 and 30°C) on the development, survival and reproduction of two generations of the Madeira mealybug, Phenacoccus madeirensis Green, and the chemical composition of chrysanthemum, Dendranthema × grandiflora Kitam., leaves. The development of the mealybugs was temperature-driven and was not influenced by the CO2 level or the number of generations. At higher temperatures, the duration to egg eclosion and the developmental time of adult females and males were significantly shortened. More eggs survived to adulthood at higher temperatures. Temperature had no influence on the egg eclosion percentage. The reproductive period of females was shortest at 30°C, while fecundity was highest at 20°C. There was a significantly higher proportion of females at the end of the experiment at lower than at higher temperatures. Elevated CO2 level and temperature did not change the chemical composition (nitrogen and carbon concentrations, and carbon-nitrogen ratio) of the host plants. Relative water content of the leaf tissues was higher at 30°C than other temperature treatments. Our results show that the effects of temperature on the biology of the Madeira mealybug were stronger than that of the elevated CO2 concentration.

scholarly journals Effect of elevated CO2 and temperature on growth and yield of winter rice under Jorhat condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
PARISHMITA DAS ◽  
R. L. DEKA ◽  
J. GOSWAMI ◽  
SMRITA BARUA
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Temperature Levels ◽  
Elevated Co2 And Temperature ◽  
Ambient Co2

A pot experiment was conducted during kharif, 2018 inside CO2 Temperature Gradient Tunnels (CTGT) to assess the effect of elevated CO2 and temperature [T0: ambient temperature & ambient CO2, T1: elevated temperature (ambient +1°C) & elevated CO2 (ambient+25% of ambient) and T2: elevated temperature (ambient +2°C) & elevated CO2 (ambient + 50% of ambient)] under three different transplanting dates (D1: 25th June, D2: 10th July and D3: 25th July) on growth and yield of rice in Jorhat district of Assam. The result showed that occurrence of different phenological stages was earlier under elevated CO2-Temperature conditions resulting in reduction of crop duration by about 8-15 days. On the other hand,days to tiller initiation increased whereas days to panicle initiation, flowering and physiological maturity reduced with delay in transplanting. Yield attributing parameters were improved under elevated CO2-Temperature condition. With respect to dates of transplanting, D2 recorded higher number of panicles hill-1 (17.9) and higher filled grains panicle-1 (156.6). Higher grain yield (55.9g hill-1) was found under T2 which was at par with T1 and it was significant higher over the ambient. Grain yield was significantly reduced when transplanting was delayed after 10th July. The results revealed that the growth and yield of rice was found to be better under elevated CO2-temperature levels when transplanted on 10th July.

scholarly journals Effects of elevated CO2 concentration on growth and photosynthesis of Chinese yam under different temperature regimes

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Cong Thinh ◽  
Hiroyuki Shimono ◽  
Etsushi Kumagai ◽  
Michio Kawasaki
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Elevated Co2 Concentration ◽  
Chinese Yam ◽  
Temperature Regimes

scholarly journals Up-regulation of sucrose-P synthase in rice under elevated carbon dioxide and temperature conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.B. Sujatha ◽  
D.C. Uprety ◽  
D. Nageswara Rao ◽  
P. Raghuveer Rao ◽  
N. Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Basmati Rice ◽  
Photosynthetic Rates ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Rice Hybrid

Basmati rice (<I>Oryza sativa</I> L.) cultivars viz. PRH-10 (pusa rice hybrid-10) and PS-2 (Pusa Sugandh-2) were grown under two different day/night temperatures (31/24°C, 35/28°C) at ambient (370 &mu;mol/mol) and elevated (550 &mu;mol/mol) carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) concentration, respectively, to characterize how an increase in CO<sub>2</sub> and temperature affects rice photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. At elevated CO<sub>2</sub>, the photosynthetic rates increased under both the temperature regimes, compared with plants grown at ambient CO<sub>2</sub>. The photosynthetic rate, sucrose-P synthase (SPS) activity and accumulation of soluble sugars and starch were higher in PRH-10 (pusa rice hybrid-10), compared to PS-2 (Pusa Sugandh-2). Elevated temperature decreased the photosynthetic rates both under ambient and elevated CO<sub>2</sub> conditions. The SPS (sucrose-P synthase) activity and the accumulation of soluble sugars and starch were enhanced at elevated CO<sub>2</sub> under both temperature regimes compared with plants grown at ambient CO<sub>2</sub>. The up-regulation of SPS (sucrose-P synthase) under elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and temperature would be beneficial for growth and productivity of rice plants for the future climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Elevated Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Temperature Affect Seed Composition, Mineral Nutrition, and 15N and 13C Dynamics in Soybean Genotypes under Controlled Environments

2017 ◽  
pp. 56-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nacer Bellaloui ◽  
Yanbo Hu ◽  
Alemu Mengistu ◽  
Hamed K. Abbas ◽  
My Abdelmajid Kassem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Seed Composition ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Elevated Co2 And Temperature

The seed nutrition of crops is affected by global climate changes due to elevated CO2 and temperatures. Information on the effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on seed nutrition is very limited in spite of its importance in seed quality and food security. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 and temperature on seed composition (protein, oil, fatty acids, and sugars) and mineral nutrition in two soybean cultivars under controlled environments. The treatments were ambient CO2 concentrations (360 μmol mol-1) and elevated CO2 concentration (700 μmol mol-1) as well as normal temperature (26/16°C) and elevated temperature (45/35°C). Plants were grown under greenhouse conditions until the R5 stage, and then, transferred to growth chambers until full maturity (R8). Elevated temperature or a combination of elevated temperature and elevated CO2 resulted in a decrease in seed protein and linolenic acid concentrations and an increase in oil and oleic acid in cultivars Williams 82 (MGIII) and Hutcheson (MG V). Seed sucrose, glucose, and fructose decreased, whereas raffinose and stachyose remained relatively stable. Minerals also decreased under elevated CO2 and temperature. Among those that decreased were N, P, K, Zn, Fe, and B. Natural abundance of 15N and 13C isotopes was altered only under high temperature, regardless of CO2 concentration, indicating that changes in nitrogen and carbon metabolism occurred at elevated temperature. The increase in oil and oleic acid and decrease in linolenic acid are desirable, as high oleic acid and low linolenic acid contribute to the stability and longer shelf-life of oil. The combination of low protein and high oil was due to the inverse relationship between them. This study showed that seed composition and seed mineral nutrients can be affected by elevated temperature alone or elevated CO2 and temperature. This information is beneficial for selecting varieties with high seed nutritional qualities and efficient mineral nutrient use and uptake, traits that are related to seed production, seed quality, and food security. Also, it provides further knowledge on the effect of climate change on seed quality.

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