scholarly journals Afsavn: Opgørelse af faktisk fattigdom

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-69
Author(s):  
Finn Kenneth Hansen ◽  
M. Azhar Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Poverty Measure ◽  
Missing Link ◽  
First Order ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Deprivation Approach ◽  
Do So

Hvordan måler man fattigdom forstået, som det ikke at kunne klare sig selv, i det samfund man lever i? Fattigdomsopgørelser er ofte baseret på indkomst, som siger noget om mulighederne, men ikke noget om faktisk levevis. Der er derfor behov for metoder, som mere direkte belyser, hvad det vil sige ikke at kunne klare sig selv. I den sammenhæng har fattigdomsforskere peget på konsekvenser i form af afsavn. Den engelske fattigdomsforsker Peter Townsend var banebrydende inden for området. Artiklen sætter fokus på afsavnsbegrebet, dets oprindelse, anvendelse og udbredelse og peger på metodiske problemer ved afsavnsopgørelser. Det diskuteres, om der findes et indkomstniveau, under hvilket afsavnene er væsentligt mere omfattende end over dette indkomstniveau – altså findes knækket (kink), eller er der snarere tale om et missing link mellem afsavn og økonomisk levestandard? Afsavnstilgangens anvendelighed i Danmark, EU og globalt, samt over tid problematiseres. Den seneste udvikling i teoretiske bidrag til opgørelse af flere samtidige afsavn præsenteres, herunder Foster & Alkires multidimensionale mål for fattigdom og Arndt et al.s first order dominance-kriterie. Endelig illustreres afsavnstilgangen dels ved at se på afsavn blandt modtagere af de laveste sociale ydelser sammenlignet med andre forsørgelsesgrupper og dels ved en præsentation af afsavn i en EU-sammenhæng. ENGELSK ABSTRACT: Finn Kenneth Hansen and M. Azhar Hussain: Deprivation: Calculating the Extent of Poverty Poverty is often based on income, which says something about the possibilities of providing for oneself, but nothing about real living conditions. Therefore we need methods to measure more precisely what it means to not be able to provide for oneself. To do so, poverty researchers have identified the consequences of poverty in terms of deprivation. Peter Townsend has been the leading scholar in this research field. This article focuses on the concept of deprivation, its origin, use and dissemination, and also points out the methodological problems of measuring deprivation. One of the debates is whether there is an income level below which deprivation is almost absolute – or whether there is a missing link between deprivation and income. The article analyses the deprivation approach in Denmark, EU and globally, and over time. Recent developments in theoretical contributions to the compilation of multiple deprivation measures are presented, including Foster & Alkire’s multidimensional poverty measure and Arndt et al.’s first order dominance criterion. Finally, we analyze deprivation among recipients of the lowest benefits in Denmark as compared to other groups in the country employing these theoretical approaches, and then present deprivation in an EU context. Key words: Poverty, deprivation, methodology, multidimensional, EU.

Some Methodological Problems of Contemporary Economic Comparative Studies

2014 ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
N. Toganova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Quantitative Indicators

The author analyses the methodology of comparative studies used by the English and German speaking specialists in the 1950-1980th. With the collapse of the Communists block it seemed that such studies could become outdated because, as some scholars reasoned, economic systems started to lose their peculiarities and to drift in the same direction. Two decades after it can be stated that this didn’t really happen. Comparative studies still have the reasons to be continued. At the same time, there still remain questions concerning their methodology. That is why a review of the methodology approaches is of prime interest of the article. The author starts from consideration of the question of the interaction between comparative studies and economic theory. This analysis is vital not only for the whole research field. It also helps to better understand the difference in Anglo-Saxon and German research approaches to comparative studies. The scholars from USA and Great Britain never paid special attention to this topic. On the contrary, some prominent German researchers attempted to produce a working theory of international comparisons. Further, the author reviews the evolution of the main approaches. The following phases are found: the conceptualization of theoretical approaches how different economic systems were set and how they could be compared; inter-comparison of existing and ideal systems drawn by the theorists; development of the institutional approach and the growing popularity of comparisons through quantitative indicators and later through institutions (rankings and top lists of countries). The final part of the article provides a detailed analysis of German approach to the comparisons of economic systems.

scholarly journals Physical methods for investigating structural colours in biological systems

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Vukusic ◽  
D.G Stavenga
Keyword(s):  
Biological Systems ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Structural Coloration ◽  
Physical Methods ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Photodiode Array ◽  
Engineered Systems ◽  
Behavioural Biology

Many biological systems are known to use structural colour effects to generate aspects of their appearance and visibility. The study of these phenomena has informed an eclectic group of fields ranging, for example, from evolutionary processes in behavioural biology to micro-optical devices in technologically engineered systems. However, biological photonic systems are invariably structurally and often compositionally more elaborate than most synthetically fabricated photonic systems. For this reason, an appropriate gamut of physical methods and investigative techniques must be applied correctly so that the systems' photonic behaviour may be appropriately understood. Here, we survey a broad range of the most commonly implemented, successfully used and recently innovated physical methods. We discuss the costs and benefits of various spectrometric methods and instruments, namely scatterometers, microspectrophotometers, fibre-optic-connected photodiode array spectrometers and integrating spheres. We then discuss the role of the materials' refractive index and several of the more commonly used theoretical approaches. Finally, we describe the recent developments in the research field of photonic crystals and the implications for the further study of structural coloration in animals.

Green Synthesized Nanomaterials as Theranostic Platforms for Cancer Treatment: Principles, Challenges and the Road Ahead

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1311-1327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pala Rajasekharreddy ◽  
Chao Huang ◽  
Siddhardha Busi ◽  
Jobina Rajkumari ◽  
Ming-Hong Tai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Synthetic Approach ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Road ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Theranostic Applications ◽  
Insight Into

With the emergence of nanotechnology, new methods have been developed for engineering various nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Nanotheranostics is a burgeoning research field with tremendous prospects for the improvement of diagnosis and treatment of various cancers. However, the development of biocompatible and efficient drug/gene delivery theranostic systems still remains a challenge. Green synthetic approach of nanoparticles with low capital and operating expenses, reduced environmental pollution and better biocompatibility and stability is a latest and novel field, which is advantageous over chemical or physical nanoparticle synthesis methods. In this article, we summarize the recent research progresses related to green synthesized nanoparticles for cancer theranostic applications, and we also conclude with a look at the current challenges and insight into the future directions based on recent developments in these areas.

Collaborative Remembering in Dementia: A Focus on Joint Activities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars-Christer Hydén ◽  
Mattias Forsblad
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Joint Activities ◽  
Do So ◽  
Dementia Diseases

In this chapter we consider collaborative remembering and joint activates in everyday life in the case of people living with dementia. First, we review past research of practices that scaffolds the participation of persons with dementia in everyday chores under different stages of dementia diseases. We do so by suggesting three analytical types of scaffolding: when the scaffolding practices (i) frame the activity, (ii) guide actions, or (iii) are part of repair activities. Second, we review two aspects of collaborative remembering that are especially important in the case of dementia: training of scaffolding practices, and the sustaining and presentation of identities through collaborative storytelling. Finally, theoretical and methodological tendencies of the research field are summarized and future research needs are formulated.

Novel Trapezoidal-Loop Piezoelectric Energy Harvester

2014 ◽  
Vol 672-674 ◽  
pp. 402-406
Author(s):  
Bing Jiang ◽  
Shuai Yuan ◽  
Xiao Hui Xu ◽  
Mao Sheng Ding ◽  
Ye Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Output Voltage ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Loop Structure ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Resonant Frequencies ◽  
First Order ◽  
Microelectronic Devices ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy

In recent years, piezoelectric energy harvester which can replace the traditional battery supply has become a hot topic in global research field of microelectronic devices. Characteristics of a trapezoidal-loop piezoelectric energy harvester (TLPEH) were analyzed through finite-element analysis. The output voltage density is 4.251V/cm2 when 0.1N force is applied to the free end of ten-arm energy harvester. Comparisons of the resonant frequencies and output voltages were made. The first order resonant frequency could reach 15Hz by increasing the number of arms. Meanwhile, the output voltage is improved greatly when excited at first-order resonant frequencies. The trapezoidal-loop structure of TLPEH could enhance frequency response, which means scavenging energy more efficiently in vibration environment. The TLPEH mentioned here might be useful for the future structure design of piezoelectric energy harvester with low resonance frequency.

scholarly journals The evolving definition of salivary gland stem cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Rocchi ◽  
Lara Barazzuol ◽  
Rob P. Coppes
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Adult Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Research Field ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractDysfunction of the salivary gland and irreversible hyposalivation are the main side effects of radiotherapy treatment for head and neck cancer leading to a drastic decrease of the quality of life of the patients. Approaches aimed at regenerating damaged salivary glands have been proposed as means to provide long-term restoration of tissue function in the affected patients. In studies to elucidate salivary gland regenerative mechanisms, more and more evidence suggests that salivary gland stem/progenitor cell behavior, like many other adult tissues, does not follow that of the hard-wired professional stem cells of the hematopoietic system. In this review, we provide evidence showing that several cell types within the salivary gland epithelium can serve as stem/progenitor-like cells. While these cell populations seem to function mostly as lineage-restricted progenitors during homeostasis, we indicate that upon damage specific plasticity mechanisms might be activated to take part in regeneration of the tissue. In light of these insights, we provide an overview of how recent developments in the adult stem cell research field are changing our thinking of the definition of salivary gland stem cells and their potential plasticity upon damage. These new perspectives may have important implications on the development of new therapeutic approaches to rescue radiation-induced hyposalivation.

March 2021 Update to the Multidimensional Poverty Measure

10.1596/35390 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minh Cong Nguyen ◽  
Haoyu Wu ◽  
Christoph Lakner ◽  
Marta Schoch
Keyword(s):  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Poverty Measure

scholarly journals A conceptual simulation workflow to guide design decisions regarding the effects of daylight on occupants’ alertness

2021 ◽  
Vol 2042 (1) ◽  
pp. 012116
Author(s):  
Pierson Clotilde ◽  
Soto Magán Victoria Eugenia ◽  
Aarts Mariëlle ◽  
Andersen Marilyne
Keyword(s):  
Light Exposure ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Spectral Simulation ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Computational Tools ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Recent developments in the lighting research field have demonstrated the importance of a proper exposure to light to mediate several of our behavioral and physiological responses. However, we spend nowadays around 90% of our time indoors with an often quite limited access to bright daylight. To be able to anticipate how much the built environment actually influences our light exposure, and how much it may ultimately impact our health, well-being, and productivity, new computational tools are needed. In this paper, we present a first attempt at a simulation workflow that integrates a spectral simulation tool with a light-driven prediction model of alertness. The goal is to optimize the effects of light on building occupants, by informing the decision makers about the impact of different design choices. The workflow is applied to a case study to provide an example of what learnings can be expected from it.

scholarly journals Media Concentration in Spain: National, sectorial, and regional groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 765-777
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Artero-Muñoz ◽  
Ricardo Zugasti ◽  
Sira Hernánez-Corchete
Keyword(s):  
Market Structure ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Current Structure ◽  
Media Companies ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Media ◽  
Secondary Information ◽  
Audience Measurement ◽  
Media Concentration ◽  
Do So

In Spain, the media market structure is made up of very different media groups, making it necessary to identify and classify them in a clear and coherent manner. To do so, this article collects secondary information from media companies’ websites and from audience measurement institutions. Results identify 50 media groups with activity in the Spanish market. They are classified into three categories according to the type of outlet, including national, sectorial, and regional. The current structure is based on recent developments in the last four decades of democracy among newspapers, magazines, radio, television and digital media.

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