scholarly journals مستخلص الخنزير لصناعة الأدوية الكبسولة: الاستحالة في ضوء مقاصد الشريعة

Jurnal Fiqh ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-484
Author(s):  
Saheed Busari ◽  
Ahmad Muhamad Husni
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Scientific Revolution ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Inductive Approach ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Law ◽  
Important Note ◽  
Different Levels

Bringing benefit and repelling harm is one of the main objectives embedded in the divine law of Shariah. The law of Shariah came in its entirety for the preservation of fundamental principles of Allah on the creation such as the five maqāsid al-shari‘ah principles. Since the dawn of the scientific revolution, genetic engineering has triggered several debates at different levels among the stakeholders. Clearly, there are opinions between the process of transformation and mere transmutation of the substance, some of which are subject to consensus and some differs. This study aims to analyze the juristic implication of the permissibility of using gelatin extracted from pig parts in the pharmaceutical industry. The study adopted the inductive approach to collect the information recorded in contemporary literature in this regard and then followed by a comparative analytical study to highlight the agreed and disagreed facts between Shariah sources and other sciences. The most important note is that in the event of a choice, consuming foods and drinks containing pork gelatin is not permissible. By the same analogy, the capsulated medicines cannot be taken, and this study is purely for the case when it is necessary and there is no alternative.

Desafíos del sistema de educación superior en Ecuador para la era de la complejidad

2016 ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Martha Concepción Macías ◽  
Francisco Mendoza Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Educación Superior ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Educacion Superior ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
The Law ◽  
Different Levels

RESUMENLa universidad ecuatoriana, en los últimos seis años, a partir de la aprobación en el año 2010 de la Ley Orgánica de Educación Superior, ha sido expuesta a nuevos retos y desafíos que comprometen a cada uno de los tejidos institucionales participantes en su gestión. Este artículo analiza siete de esos retos en el marco de la ley, de la reflexión epistemológica y las metas que se le plantean como sistema sustancial en el cambio de la matriz cognitiva, productiva y de servicio del país. Los resultados son reflexiones propias de actores del sistema educativo superior que se desenvuelven en diferentes planos de intervención, quienes proponen acciones inmediatas y mediatas para alcanzar una Universidad adaptable a la Era de la Complejidad.Palabras clave: Sistema de Educación Superior, Era de la Complejidad, Ley Orgánica de Educación Superior. Challenges of Higher Education System in Ecuador for the Age of ComplexityABSTRACTIn the last six years since the adoption of the Law on Higher Education in 2010, the Ecuadorian university has been exposed to new challenges compromising every institution participating in its management. This article analyzes seven of those challenges within the Law framework, the epistemological reflection and the goals presented as substantial in changing the cognitive, productive and service matrix in the country. The results are reflections by actors in the higher education system working at different levels of intervention, who propose immediate and mediate actions to achieve a University adaptive to the Age of Complexity.Keywords: Higher education system, age of complexity, Law of Higher Education.

Two Truths and a Lie: In re John Z. and Other Stories at the Juncture of Teen Sex and the Law

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (02) ◽  
pp. 364-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Oberman
Keyword(s):  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Adolescent Sexuality ◽  
Two Truths ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Meaningful Relationship ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
Sexual Encounters ◽  
Criminal Justice Response

Laws governing adolescent sexuality are incoherent and chaotically enforced, and legal scholarship on the subject neither addresses nor remedies adolescents’ vulnerability in sexual encounters. To posit a meaningful relationship between the criminal law and adolescent sexual encounters, one must examine what we know about adolescent sexuality from both the academic literature and the adults who control the criminal justice response to such interactions. This article presents an in-depth study of In re John Z., a 2003 rape prosecution involving two seventeen-year-olds. Using this case, I explore the implications of the prosecution by interviewing a variety of experts and analyzing the contemporary literature on sexual norms among youth. I also relate a series of interviews conducted with the major players in the prosecution. Examining this case from a variety of perspectives permits a deeper understanding of how the law regulates adolescent sexual encounters and why it fails.

(Dis)solving the Chronological Paradox in Customary International Law: A Hartian Approach

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lefkowitz
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Resolution Function ◽  
Customary International Law ◽  
International Legal System ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Law ◽  
Normative Standard

As traditionally conceived, the creation of a new rule of customary international law requires that states believe the law to already require the conduct specified in the rule. Distinguishing the process whereby a customary rule comes to exist from the process whereby that customary rule becomes law dissolves this chronological paradox. Creation of a customary rule requires only that states come to believe that there exists a normative standard to which they ought to adhere, not that this standard is law. What makes the customary rule law is adherence by officials in the international legal system to a rule of recognition that treats custom as a source of valid law. Confusion over this distinction arises because in the international legal system the same agents whose beliefs give rise to a customary rule are the legal officials whose adherence to the rule of recognition leads them to deem that rule legally valid. The proposed solution to the chronological paradox employs H.L.A. Hart’s analysis of the concepts of law and a legal system, and in particular, the idea of a rule of recognition. Yet Hart famously denies the existence of a rule of recognition for international law. Hart’s denial rests on a failure to distinguish between the ontological and authoritative resolution functions of a rule of recognition, however. Once such a distinction is drawn, it can be argued that customary international law rests on a rule of recognition that serves the ontological function of making customary norms legal, though not the authoritative resolution function of settling disputes over the alleged legality of particular norms.

IT in the Law

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
Laurence W. Bebbington
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Information Sharing ◽  
Named Entities ◽  
Publishing Program ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Law

Earlier in the year Context launched Link Studio, an e-publishing program that automates the creation of hypertext links within documents. It eliminates the need for manual editing. The program can identify bibliographic citations, named entities (e.g. companies, organisations) and pre-defined words and phrases, interprets the varying ways in which such data can be presented and uses the resulting information to locate the cited document. It then automatically converts the reference into a link to it. This can lead to much faster link creation within documents. It may be useful for users who have neither the time nor the inclination to increase the utility of documents by engaging in laborious manual editing and creation of links. Where information sharing, resource management and easy navigation between sources (using intranets, for example) is crucial such programs may be valuable. The technology is similar to Context's existing i-Link and it now works with Word 97 (and upwards) documents. See www.syntalex.com/solutions/acl_whatlink.html.

scholarly journals RIGHT OF ACCESS ON UNDERGROUND LAND DEVELOPMENT: GUIDANCE FROM SINGAPORE AND AUSTRALIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (21) ◽  
pp. 267-276
Author(s):  
Najah Inani Abdul Jalil ◽  
‘Ain Husna Mohd Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Land Development ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right Of Access ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Land Code

In 1990, the creation of underground land is created in the National Land Code. The scarcity of land especially in urban areas has pushed the traditional horizontal land development into vertical land development. Apart from transportation purposes, it is suitable for recreational, storage, and service utility purposes. Within this development, it attracts questions such as how to reconcile the right of surface and underground landowners as the law has allowed the ownership of underground land to be independent and separate from the surface owner. In governing the relationship between the surface and the underground landowners, the provision of access, support, and protection are regulated under the express condition in the document of title. This paper explores the concept of the right of support in Malaysia and the requirement for its application. This paper uses the doctrinal method where statutory provisions, cases, legal articles are examined. In discussing this topic, the practice in Singapore and Australia is compared, and it is suggested in regulating the relationship between surface and underground landowners, the creation of easement to be adopted with the compensation to be awarded to the burdened land.

scholarly journals Legal Basis of State Support for Creating Innovative Medicinal Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
S. V. Vasyliev
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
State Support ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Development Fund ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
The Creation

The study is focused on the legal regulation of state support for the creation of innovative medicinal products. Establishment of the measures of state support for scientific research for creating innovative medicinal products within legislative acts and by-laws should help to increase the competitiveness of the pharmaceutical industry in Ukraine. The government declares the provision of support for scientific research in the field of creating innovative medicinal products. The legislation establishes the conditions for registering an innovative project, provides the maintenance of the Register of scientific institutions that received the state support. A detailed characteristic of the existing means of the state support for scientific research in the pharmaceutical industry is provided. The state supports innovations by establishing tax incentives for research institutions and providing funding for some innovative projects. Support for innovations is carried out by the State Innovative Financial and Credit Institution, the National Research Fund of Ukraine and the Innovation Development Fund. Funding for the creation of innovative medicinal products can be realized through public and private partnership. The scholars have declared their propositions regarding the introduction of specific measures of the state support for innovations in the field of creating new medicinal products. It has been offered to amend the current legislation on the issues of state funding of scientific research in the sphere of developing new medicinal products. It is necessary to delineate the competence of various funds for promoting innovations in relation to supporting innovations in the field of pharmacia. It is important that the law should provide the procedure and conditions for supporting public and private partnership projects at the expenses of funds for promoting innovations.

scholarly journals Theoretical and Practical Significance of the Issue of Maritime Delimitation in the Law of the Sea

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojana Lakićević-Đuranović
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
International Court Of Justice ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
International Court ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Law

This paper aims to show the significance of maritime delimitation in the Law of the Sea, as well as the contribution of international jurisprudence to the creation of the rules of maritime delimitation. The decisions of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and the awards of arbitration tribunals are especially significant in the part of the Law of the Sea dealing with maritime delimitation. Based on the analysis of the principle of equity and the method of equidistance, the jurisprudence of the courts is shown to have established precedents and to have an irreplaceable role in the development of the international Law of the Sea, particularly in the segment of maritime delimitations.

scholarly journals La justicia penal militar colombiana y los principios procesales constitucionales de independencia e imparcialidad, después de la separación de la función de jurisdicción con la función de comando

Justicia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (26) ◽  
Author(s):  
Consuelo Amparo Henao Toro ◽  
Ingrid Regina Petro Gonz ◽  
Felipe Andrés Mar
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Penal Code ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Military ◽  
Legal Training

El presente artículo analiza la Justicia Penal Militar colombiana, su origen y evolución desde la vigencia del Decreto 2550 de 1988, según el cual los miembros de la Fuerza Pública podían ejercer simultáneamente las funciones de comando con las funciones de jurisdicción, toda vez que quien juzgaba no se encontraba técnicamente habilitado para desarrollar esa función por carecer de formación jurídica profesional y debía depender de terceras personas para emitir sus fallos, situación que contrariaba los principios de independencia e imparcialidad. Posteriormente, con la creación de la Ley 522 de 1999, actual Código Penal Militar, esas funciones fueron separadas y prohibidas, lo que amerita analizar estos principios a la luz de esta normativa penal militar.   AbstractThis article analyzes the Penal Military Colombian Justice system, its origin and evolution from the enforcement of Decree 2550 of 1988 according to which members of the security forces could exercise the functions of command simultaneously with the functions of jurisdiction, since he was deemed not technically qualified to perform that function due to lack of professional legal training and had to rely on third parties to issue their decisions, a situation that went against the principles of independence and impartiality. Later, with the creation of the Law 522 of 1999 current Military Penal Code, these functions were separated and thus deserving prohibited discuss these principles in light of the military criminal law.

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