“The Stress of Life” in the Work of Dostoevsky and Andreyev in the Light of the Neurophysiological Investigation

2021 ◽  
pp. 269-290
Author(s):  
Rosa María Moreno Rodríguez ◽  
◽  
Natalia N. Arsentieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Brain Functioning ◽  
Behavioral Psychology ◽  
The Face ◽  
Psychology Theory ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Core Part

This article addresses the relationships between Russian literature and the development of psychiatry at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. The research is based on the study of the medical contents drawn from the work of Dostoevsky and Andreyev, which deals with the neurophysiological presuppositions of behavioral psychology, theory inaugurated by Pavlov and Bekhterev, and adaptive responses to stress proposed by Hans Selye. We consider both activities, literature and science, as discourse and praxis of theory, either factually, from the development of drugs or instruments that act on brain functioning, or didactically, through the development of roles and dramatic instruments. Moreover, our research also focuses on the psychological expression in the face of misfortune and the sterility of psychic effort, within the two classical dimensions of anthropology and psychology: the correlation between emotions and reason, and the activation of somatic functions. In their work, both authors coincide in showing a psychopathological and somatic correlate either as insanity, paralysis or death. Finally, we analyzed whether the relationship with science is of dependency or whether it constitutes a core part of a cultural continuum.

scholarly journals Zakopane i Tatry fin de siècle. Jan Kasprowicz – podróże artysty

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 309-335
Author(s):  
Klaudiusz Święcicki ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Fin De Siecle ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Tatra Mountains ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The article discusses the process of increased interest in Zakopane and Podhale culture in the second half of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century. Discusses the problem of highlanders acquiring national identity. Characterizes the environment of the intellectual and artistic elite of Zakopane. Attempts to analyse how fascination with the Tatra landscape and highlander culture influenced the formation of one of the myths that fund modern national identity. Tries to show how the artists influenced the development of Zakopane as a holiday spa. It also shows the impact of bohemia on the transformation of the culture of highlanders in the Podhale region. The second part of the article discusses the relationship of the poet Jan Kasprowicz with Podhale. His peregrinations to Zakopane and Poronin were presented. On the selected example from creativity, an attempt was made to analyse the poet’s fascination with the Tatra Mountains and highlander culture.

scholarly journals Formation and Development of the Iconography of the Mesmeric Seance in the Second Half of the 18th — Late 19th Centuries

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-242
Author(s):  
Daria O. Martynova ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Comic Book ◽  
Wonder Woman ◽  
Patriarchal Society ◽  
The Face ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Second Wave

Analyzing the evolution of the iconography of such a phenomenon as mesmerism in the second half of the 18th — mid-19th centuries, the author shows that the scenario of modern hypnotic representation and its gestures were established by mesmerists in the second half of the 18th century, followers of the parascientific theory that caused discussions and intrigued doctors and artists for centuries. Analyzing the development of the iconography of mesmeric seance, the author identifies two waves of popularity of this subject: the first wave in the 70–80s of the 18th century and the second wave during the first decade of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century. Such a duration is due to the fascination with the supernatural and inexplicable, reflected in various styles and trends. In this article, the author tries to show how the development of the iconography of the mesmeric seance provoked the appearance of the hypnotist or magician trickster, who became integrated into popular culture that later began to mark the majority of hypnotic actions, spiritualistic sessions or miracle shows. The author also illustrates how the image of a “controller” in the face of a man formed and confirmed the paradigm of a powerless, mysterious and controlled woman. As a result, it is concluded that hypnosis and mesmerism became common theatrical spectacles in the 20th century, cultivating the power of men (patriarchal society) over an exhausted woman, which is reflected in the works of Georges Méliès, Alfred Hitchcock, and even in the comic book Wonder woman.

scholarly journals Editing Shakespeare for the Stage

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katalin Tabi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Cultural Studies ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Theatre History ◽  
Romeo And Juliet ◽  
Nineteen Seventies ◽  
Stage Directions ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

After the text-based editorial approach of the 17th and 18th centuries, from the end of the 19th century, and even more from the middle of the nineteen-seventies, more and more scholars turned towards the study of stage directions. They started to discover their origins, their meanings, and their impact on the understanding of Shakespeare's plays. These researches led to the fact that Shakespeare criticism could no longer remain within the limited realms of literature, but it had to involve other disciplines such as cultural studies and theatre history in its researches too. The traditions of Elizabethan theatre and the relationship between theatre and literature came into the focus of research. This paper gives a comparative analysis of stage directions in one particular scene, the ballroom-scene (I.iv) of Romeo and Juliet, as they are presented in six prominent 20th-century editions. This study is to prove that nearly all the problems an editor has to face are theatrical in nature and therefore it is necessary to re-establish the relation between page and stage and to make performance-based editions that are useful to theatrical personnel as well as academics.

,,Ein Vorhof zum Paradies". Das Czernowitz-Bild in der deutsch-jüdischen Literatur

2006 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-226
Author(s):  
Anna-Dorothea Ludewig
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Holocaust Survivors ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Place ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Ideal

AbstractThe present research on Czernowitz focuses mostly on the 20th century and on the works and memoirs of Holocaust survivors. But Czernowitz was at its cultural and economical height at the end of the 19th century, and it was during that time that the myth of the ,,ideal city" was established. This essay stresses the importance of that time period for understanding the ,,Czernowitz myth," and it analyzes the relationship between the ,,real" place Czernowitz and the literary topos of a ,,sunken city" (Rose Ausländer).

scholarly journals Karashoky, an old wintering in the Aksary Valley in Central Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 6-25
Author(s):  
A. Z. Beisenov ◽  
◽  
N. Sh. Jumanazarov ◽  
I. K. Akhiyarov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Face ◽  
State Registration ◽  
The 19Th Century

In the field seasons of 2019–2020, the authors researched the area of the Besoba village in the Karkaraly district of the Karaganda region. The locality is known for a large number of archeological monuments. The first studies of monuments were held in the 1950s by A. Kh. Margulan (Almaty), A. F. Semyonov (Karaganda), S. V. Kiselyov (Moscow). Nowadays the research is extended. New monuments of the Bronze epochs and Early Iron Age were discovered here, including the Konyrzhon petroglyphs. The mazars (tombs) and wintering camps of the Kazakh time are under research. Excavation works in the surrounding mountains show that a significant number of ancient wintering camps are concentrated in this area. The authors further examined the wintering of Karashoky. The report provides some preliminary results of the study of this monument. These works will be continued in the coming years. Based upon the results of the work, the Karashoky wintering arose in the second half of the 19th century and existed during the first decades of the 20th century. A significant part of the Kazakh winterings in Central Kazakhstan have already disappeared from the face of the earth and the rest is quickly decaying. Therefore, there is the urgency for the organization of state registration and protection of these important monuments, as well as their scientific study.

FORMATION OF THE KAZAKH DIASPORA IN MONGOLIA AND CHINA

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
D.K. Mamytkhanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
The People ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

The article describes the border treaty between Russia and China in the 19th century, the situation with the resettlement of Kazakhs who fled for various reasons at the beginning of the last century from the partition of Mongolia during the country's independence in the early 20th century. The need to clarify the relationship between irredentists and the diaspora in these states is discussed. Indeed, in modern Kazakhstani society, raising such a topic is of great importance in the formation of a positive attitude of the people towards a foreign brother.

scholarly journals Intensification of the relationship between the Russian Orthodox and Anglican Church in the second half of the 1890s

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-470
Author(s):  
Hierodeacon Yaroslav Ochkanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Anglican Church ◽  
Church Unity ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Theological Thought ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Intensive Development ◽  
Significant Attention

The article analyzes the relationship between the Anglican and Russian Orthodox churches at the very end of the 19th century. The reasons why the Anglican — Orthodox dialogue received intensive development and significant theological content during this period are considered. Significant attention is paid to the mutual visits of the hierarchs of the two Churches, during which they discussed and agreed on numerous issues related to the rapprochement of the Anglican and Russian Orthodox Churches in connection with the prospect of planned interfaith unity. Emphasis is placed on the problem of recognizing the legitimacy of Anglican ordinations, which arose both due to the historical formation of Anglicanism and in connection with the peculiarities of the Anglican doctrine of the sacraments, particularly the sacrament of the priesthood. The author investigates the reasons why Russian theologians, who have carefully studied the historical, canonical and dogmatic sides of the issue, were forced at this stage to deny the Anglicans the recognition of the legality of their ordinations. In connection with this decision, the prospect of inter-church unity was postponed indefinitely so that Anglican theological thought could finally be defined in the sacramentology of the Anglican creed. At the same time, the dialogue between the two churches was not interrupted, but rather continued fruitfully in the 20th century.

scholarly journals Clashing cultural nationalisms: the 19th-century Danish-German intellectual debate, the Schleswig wars (1848-1864), and some reflections on the cultural roots of National Socialism

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-122
Author(s):  
Francesco La Rocca
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
National Socialism ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
The Political ◽  
Cultural Roots ◽  
Political Events ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Effective Contribution

Romantic culture, far from only being an intellectual phenomenon, was a pivotal element in the 19th-century nation-building processes experienced in Europe, and it ended up influencing and being influenced by contemporary political events. The wars waged between Denmark and the German Confederation (1848-1864) are a foremost example of it, as the political claims for the control of the duchies of Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg intertwined with the intellectual polemics between some prominent German scholars (Jacob Grimm, Karl Müllenhoff etc.) who intended to prove the German nature of the duchies’ cultural heritage and of Scandinavian cultures in general, and some Danish intellectuals (Nicolai Grundtvig, Rasmus Rask etc.) who strove to undo what they perceived as a politically-charged cultural aggression. The relevance of the Schleswig Wars and their related intellectual debate is not restricted to 19th-century studies, as some authors of the second half of the 20th century have suggested that the German-Danish intellectual conflict over the heritage of the Old North was actually a prelude to what would eventually be Nazi Germany’s totalitarian ideology. Unfortunately, little has been written so far on the relationship between the Schleswig Wars and the then-contemporary scholarly debate. This article is intended to be an effective contribution in this direction.

scholarly journals Фламенко као знак шпанског идентитета у путописима Милоша Црњанског

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1169
Author(s):  
Mirjana Sekulić
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Travel Literature ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
The Common ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

Following the postulates of imagology studies, the paper re-evaluates the relationship of Miloš Crnjanski as a writer of travel literature towards those aspects of culture which he recognizes as signs of authentic or "real" Spain in his travel memoirs "In the land of toreadors and sunshine". Flamenco is highlighted as one of the common tropes of travel literature, Andalusian music and dancing, which entranced foreign travellers. Thus the formation of stereotypes about Spain, formed in the 19th century is considered, as well as their endurance or disappearance in the new socio-historical context, seeing as they directed the views of travellers in the first decades of the 20th century. The paper then re-evaluates the cultural, social, political and ideological circumstances in which flamenco became one of the signifiers of Spanish identity in Crnjanski's travel memoirs. One of the conclusions one must come to is that this image of the identity of Spain is built through complex interactions of the image a people has of itself and that which others construct about it.

Immigrant Arab Women in Chile during the Renaissance (Nahda), 1910s-1920s

1970 ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Sarah Limorté
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
New World ◽  
Arab Women ◽  
Arab Woman ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century

Levantine immigration to Chile started during the last quarter of the 19th century. This immigration, almost exclusively male at the outset, changed at the beginning of the 20th century when women started following their fathers, brothers, and husbands to the New World. Defining the role and status of the Arab woman within her community in Chile has never before been tackled in a detailed study. This article attempts to broach the subject by looking at Arabic newspapers published in Chile between 1912 and the end of the 1920s. A thematic analysis of articles dealing with the question of women or written by women, appearing in publications such as Al-Murshid, Asch-Schabibat, Al-Watan, and Oriente, will be discussed.

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