scholarly journals Leukocytes and Albumin in Canine Leishmaniasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Társsila Mara Vieira Ferreira ◽  
Alexandre Tavares Camelo Oliveira ◽  
Victor Machado De Carvalho ◽  
Ana Débora Nunes Pinheiro ◽  
Thaíse Cristine Ferreira De Carvalho Sombra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Albumin Ratio ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Healthy Dogs

Background: Canine Leishmaniasis (CanL) is a multisystemic and chronic inflammatory disease characterized by nonspecific clinical manifestations. In CanL, inflammatory cells and chemical mediators released in response to the parasite play a role in disease development and progression. Alterations on hematological parameters have been documented in CanL. These changes can also be assessed in relation to systemic inflammation caused by this disease. The circulating leukocyte counting, such as neutrophils, as well as the albumin level, are considered direct indicators of an inflammatory host environment. Several studies point to the use of biomarkers on the assistance in diagnosis and prognosis of several canine pathologies. The present study investigated the Neutrophils to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Albumin to Globulin Ratio (AGR), and Neutrophils to Albumin Ratio (NAR) on systemic inflammatory response induced by Canine Leishmaniasis (CanL).Materials, Methods & Results: For this purpose, adult dogs with confirmed diagnosis to CanL were divided into symptomatic (SD, n = 33) and asymptomatic (AD, n = 20) dogs for L. infantum and control dogs (CD, n = 20). Routine hematological and biochemical parameters were determined in blood samples using a veterinary automatic hematology and biochemical analyzers. Asymptomatic dogs (AD) had a higher number of white blood cells and neutrophils (16.48 ± 4.93; 13.41 ± 3.60, respectively) in relation to symptomatic dogs (SD) (13.54 ± 5.13; 10.42± 3.69, respectively) (P = 0.015 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Neutrophils to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) was higher in dogs with leishmaniasis (9.45 ± 3.76) than in healthy dogs (3.39 ± 1.19) (P < 0.0001). Serum total proteins (STP) and globulins increased in CanL, while albumin and AGR decreased in CanL, when compared to CD and references values to canine species. Neutrophils to Albumin Ratio (NAR) was higher in AD and SD (5.02 ± 1.14; 4.79 ± 1.07, respectively) when compared to CD (2.36 ± 0.55) (P < 0.0001). Discussion: As reported in scientific researches, dogs with Leishmaniasis present alterations in circulating cell counts. Based on these data, we decided to expand this information using the NLR as a parameter in an attempt to better clarify the changes in these cells in CanL. We observed that NLR was increased on CanL in relation to healthy dogs, which could be a consequence of relative neutrophilia rather than lymphopenia. Neutrophils to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) is a biomarker that conveys information about inflammatory conditions. An elevated NLR can reflect an upregulated innate immune response, since neutrophils are effector cells of innate immunity and are involved in several acute and chronic inflammatory processes. Albumin is an acute phase protein that is considered an immune-inflammatory biomarker, which can be found reduced systemically in progressive inflammatory response. Serum total proteins (STP) and globulins were increased in CanL. These data are already well documented in CanL, which serum globulins are mainly associated with the increase of acute phase proteins, cytokines, and increase of specific antibodies to Leishmaniainfantum. Our results showed neutrophilia with hypoalbuminemia in CanL. So, in an attempt to assess the relationship of these two available markers, we used NAR calculation in order to evaluate the changes induced by CanL. In this study NAR was higher in CanL when compared to control dogs. Thus, our data indicate that NLR and NAR could be used as biomarkers in veterinary medical clinics in order to assess inflammatory profile in CanL, mainly in asymptomatic dogs. These parameters obtained from routine blood tests might be useful as cost-effective, easily accessible and helpful markers in order to distinguish the inflammatory response intensity in CanL.

scholarly journals Cellular Inflammatory Indices in Hospitalized Nigerian COVID-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Jeremiah Adeyemi Akinwumi ◽  
Fabian Victory Edem ◽  
Ganiyu Olatunbosun Arinola
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Inflammatory Index ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
The Mean

The pandemicity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) necessitated its novel biomarkers in prognosis and monitoring in low resource settings. Changes in total white blood cell counts have been associated with the progression of diseases. This study determined the prognostic value of some cellular inflammatory cells and their indices in relation to duration of hospital admission, gender, and age of COVID-19 patients. This longitudinal and case–control study determined blood cell components (total white blood cells (TWBC), neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and platelet) and inflammatory indices (neutrophil lymphocyte ratio [NLR], lymphocyte monocyte ratio [LMR], platelet lymphocyte ratio [PLR], derived NLR [DNLR], and systemic immune inflammatory index [SII]) in 95 symptomatic hospitalized COVID-19 patients and 45 COVID-19 free controls. These parameters were related to age, sex, and days of admission of the patients. Blood samples obtained were analyzed using hematological autoanalyzer (Sysmex XN-450) and indices calculated. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS Inc., USA) version 20.0. The mean platelet count (P = 0.016) and PLR (P = 0.000) were significantly lower while TWBC counts (P = 0.013) were significantly increased in COVID-19 patients compared with control. The mean TWBC count (P = 0.030) and SII (P = 0.029) were significantly increased while lymphocyte count (P = 0.015) and LMR (P = 0.026) were significantly decreased in COVID-19 patients at discharge compared with COVID-19 patients at admission. The mean neutrophil count (P = 0.048), PLR (P = 0.015), and SII (P = 0.022) were significantly lower while mean lymphocyte count (P = 0.026) was significantly higher in COVID-19 patients aged <40 years compared with patients aged ?40 years. This study concluded that inflammatory response is a phenomenon in COVID-19 patients especially in patients ?40 years of age and that this inflammation persist till discharge, though gender has no influence on cellular inflammatory indices of COVID-19 patients.

Evaluation of Complete Blood Count Indices (NLR, PLR, MPV/PLT, and PLCRi) in Healthy Dogs, Dogs With Periodontitis, and Dogs With Oropharyngeal Tumors as Potential Biomarkers of Systemic Inflammatory Response

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Rejec ◽  
Janos Butinar ◽  
Jerzy Gawor ◽  
Milan Petelin
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Platelet Volume ◽  
Platelet To Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
Polytomous Logistic Regression

The aim of the study was to retrospectively assess complete blood count (CBC) indices of dogs with periodontitis (PD; n = 73) and dogs with oropharyngeal tumors (OT; n = 92) in comparison to CBC indices of healthy dogs (HD; n = 71). Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio, mean platelet volume to platelet ratio, and platelet large cell ratio index (PLCRi) were evaluated as biomarkers of systemic inflammatory response provoked by PD and OT. Results of multivariable polytomous logistic regression analysis indicated no significant associations between CBC indices and PD. Both NLR and PLCRi were significantly higher in dogs with OT when compared to HD and dogs with PD and could, therefore, indicate a tumor-associated systemic inflammatory response. Additional studies of CBC indices, along with other biomarkers of systemic inflammatory response, are recommended to validate them as reliable indicators of clinical disease activity.

scholarly journals Acute-Phase Inflammatory Response in Idiopathic Sudden Deafness: Pathogenic Implications

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A. López-González ◽  
Antonio Abrante ◽  
Carmen López-Lorente ◽  
Antonio Gómez ◽  
Emilio Domínguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Cerebral Ischaemia ◽  
Acute Phase Response ◽  
Sudden Deafness ◽  
Viral Origin ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Transient Cerebral Ischaemia ◽  
Rule Out

The acute-phase inflammatory response in the peripheral bloodstream can be an expression of transient cerebral ischaemia in idiopathic sudden deafness. For this, a neurological and otorhinolaryngological examination of each patient, performing tests on audiometry, and tympanometry, haemogram, and cranial magnetic resonance were performed. The acute-phase inflammatory response manifests as an increased neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio that is detected 48–72 hours after the appearance of sudden deafness. This study shows that there is an acute-phase response in the peripheral bloodstream with an increased neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio as an expression of an inflammatory process that can be caused by transient cerebral ischaemia in sudden deafness. In addition, the increased neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio can rule out a viral origin of sudden deafness, since a viral infection lowers the neutrophil count and increases the lymphocyte count, thus reducing the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. These findings aid in understanding the pathogenic mechanisms involved in sudden deafness and offer better treatment to the patient.

scholarly journals C-Reactive Protein-to-Albumin Ratio as a Prognostic Inflammatory Marker in COVID-19

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliye Çelikkol ◽  
Eda Çelik Güzel ◽  
Mustafa Doğan ◽  
Berna Erdal ◽  
Ahsen Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Albumin Ratio ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Nonparametric Distribution ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Objectives As a result of developed generalized inflammation, the main prognostic factor determining morbidity and mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients is acute respiratory distress syndrome. The purpose of our study was to define (1) the laboratory tests that will contribute to the diagnosis and follow-up of COVID-19 patients, (2) the differences between the laboratory-confirmed (LC), unconfirmed (LUC), and control (C) groups, and (3) the variation between groups of acute-phase reactants and biomarkers that can be used as an indicator of disease severity and inflammation. Materials and Methods A total of 102 patients undergoing treatment with COVID-19 interim guidelines were evaluated. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test was positive in 56 (LC), classified as mild or severe, and negative in 46 (LUC) patients. In addition, 30 healthy subjects (C) with negative RT-PCR tests were also evaluated.All statistical analyses were performed with the SPSS 22.0 program and the p-values for significant findings were less than 0.05. Parametric/nonparametric distribution was determined by performing the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test for all groups. Student's t-test was used for variables with parametric distribution and the Mann–Whitney U-test for variables with the nonparametric distribution. A cut-off level for biomarkers was determined using the ROC (receiver operator characteristic) curve. Results In the LC group, platelet, platecrit, mean platelet volume, platelet diameter width, white blood cell, lymphocyte, eosinophil, neutrophil, immature granulocyte, immature lymphocyte, immature monocyte, large immune cell, and atypical lymphocyte counts among the complete blood count parameters of mature and immature cell counts showed a significant difference according to the C and LUC groups. C-reactive protein, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR) indices were significantly elevated in LC patients and were significantly higher in patients classified as severe compared to mild. When CAR optimal cutoff was determined as 0.475, area under the curve was 0.934, sensitivity was 90.91%, specificity was 86.21%, positive predictive value was 92.59%, and negative predictive value was 83.33%. The diagnostic accuracy for CAR was 89.29%. Conclusion The CAR index with the highest diagnostic value and the highest predictability could be the most useful biomarker in the diagnosis and evaluation of disease severity in COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals Prognostic significance of preoperative NLR, PLR and LMR in patients suffering from gastric neuroendocrine tumor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Can Fang ◽  
Bing-bing Zou
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumor ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Peripheral Blood Cell ◽  
Curative Surgery ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Cell Counts

Abstract Background: The prognostic value of inflammatory response makers for predicting clinical outcome have been proved valid in various cancers.The aim of this study was to explore the influence of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR)and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio(LMR) on the prognosis of gastric neuroendocrine tumor.Methods: One hundred and three patients who underwent curative surgery for gastric neuroendocrine tumor were enrolled form 2009-2018 in The first affiliated hospital of Anhui Medical University.NLR,PLR and LMR were calculated from peripheral blood cell counts taken before surgery.Optimal cutoff values of NLR,PLR and LMR were determined on the basis of receiver operating characteristic curve analysis,and their prognostic values were assessed using Kaplan-Meier curve,univariate and multivariate COX regression models.Result:The cutoff value of NLR,PLR and LMR was 2.08,147.5 and 3.94,respectively.Elevated NLR,PLR and declined LMR were found to relate with diminished Overall survival (OS) in surgical gNET patients.Multivariate analysis identified the LMR(HR=0.923 (0.860-0.991), P=0.027);tumor size(HR=1.130 (1.032-1.239),P = 0.009) and high grade postoperative complication(HR=2.847 (1.129-7.480), P =0.027) as independent prognostic factors.Conclusion: Inflammatory response markers can predict clinical outcome in patients with gNET,especially LMR might be considered as a convenient indicator for patients’ prognosis

scholarly journals INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IN SOLID ORGAN AND TISSUE RECIPIENT WITH COVID-19

JBMTCT ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Ana Teresa Sobreira Lima Verde ◽  
Ana Vitória Magalhães Chaves ◽  
Fernando Barroso Duarte ◽  
José Huygens Parente Garcia ◽  
Paula Frassinetti Castelo Branco Camurça Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Clinical Ward

Introduction: The COVID-19 infection is caused by the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infection, which was first reported in Hubei, Wuhan province, China, in December 2019. There is a concern that immunocompromised patients are at greater risk of morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19 infection, although there is limited data on these patients. Here, we present an evolution of a series of cases of patients with COVID-19 in our service. Patients and methods: This is a retrospective cohort study conducted at the Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio in Fortaleza-CE, Brazil. All patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 were screened for a history of organ or tissue transplantation, with a total number of 77 patients. Only patients confirmed for COVID-19 were included in the study. The inflammatory response and initial laboratory results, as well as the CALL score, were compared to a cohort of patients with COVID-19 not transplanted at the same time in our clinical ward or intensive care unit (ICU). The clinical course and clinical findings recorded during treatment were extracted from the electronic medical record. A bilateral P <0.05 (5%) was considered significant. Results: The total number of hospitalizations until July 24, 2020 for confirmed cases of COVID-19 was 77 patients. Of the total, 33 (42%) patients needed ICU. Most patients were male (61%). The median age was 62 [95% CI: 54-63] years, 31 (37%) had a previous diagnosis of hypertension, 24 (28%) of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2). The total lethality of our service was 22%. The CALL score of patients admitted to the clinical ward and in the ICU was analyzed, with a higher average observed in the patients admitted in ICU, the average was 9.34 in the patients admitted in the clinical ward and 10.9 in the patients who required ICU. (p = 0.003) . The effect of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio(NLR) at admission on the need of ICU care was analyzed by ROC curve and AUC and was found to be significant (AUC: 0.708, p = 0.002, 95% CI = 0.593 to 0.823). The number of transplant recipients in our service was 17 patients. The mean age was 56 years and the median was 55 years [95% CI: 45-65 years]. Of this subgroup, 6 patients (35%) required ICU, with no statistical difference when compared to non- transplanted patients (p = 0.443), and only 3 evolved to death (17%), also without statistical difference when compared to the subgroup of non-transplanted patients (p = 0.484). When compared to the sample of non-transplanted patients, lower values were found of the White Blood cells count, neutrophils and ferritin. However, despite lower values of fibrinogen, D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), there was no statistical difference. Conclusion: It is a new disease, with few data, mainly in the studied population. Our sample was a reduced sample, however it was surprising to see a lower inflammatory tendency, although without statistical significance and with mortality similar to the general population. In addition, it is worth emphasizing the importance shown on the neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio of admission demonstrated by the ROC curve in patients who evolve in need of an ICU care.

scholarly journals Leucogram and serum acute phase protein concentrations in queens submitted to conventional or videolaparoscopic ovariectomy

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.E. Alves ◽  
A.P.C. Ribeiro ◽  
P.A. Di Filippo ◽  
M.F. Apparicio ◽  
J.J. Fagliari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Acute Phase Protein ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Conventional Technique ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Phase Protein

Thirty health queens were submitted to ovariectomy by conventional technique or by videolaparoscopy. In order to study the intensity of inflammatory response by means of acute phase protein analysis and white blood cell count, serum samples were taken before and until 144 hours after the surgical procedures. The protein concentrations that were significantly increased 24 hours after surgical procedures were: ceruloplasmin, hemopexin, haptoglobin, and α1-acid glycoprotein, 69.8%, 103.5%, 117.3%, and 199.0%, respectively, for conventional ovariectomy; and 22.3%, 46.1%, 79.8%, and 74.6%, respectively, for laparoscopic ovariectomy. Therefore, inflammatory response was more intense in queens submitted to conventional ovariectomy. Results indicate that the increase or decrease in acute phase proteins, as well as in white blood cells count, may be useful in the evaluation of inflammatory response induced by these surgical procedures.

scholarly journals The Prognostic Value of Circulating Inflammatory Cell Counts in Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss and the Effect of Cardiovascular Risk Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (7) ◽  
pp. 464-469
Author(s):  
Mehmet Eser Sancaktar ◽  
İbrahim Ağrı ◽  
Ayşe Bel Çeçen ◽  
Gökhan Akgül ◽  
Mehmet Çelebi
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Group 1

Objectives: Recent studies suggest that elevated neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are poor prognostic factors in sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). We aimed to investigate the accuracy of this hypothesis by taking into account the effect of cardiovascular risk (CVR) factors. Methods: Medical records of 122 patients with SSNHL were reviewed retrospectively and grouped into 2 as; patients without CVR (group 1; n = 68) and patients having CVR (group 2; n = 54). Moreover, 60 control cases who did not have SSNHL were also included and grouped into 2 as; group 3 (n = 30) with CVR and group 4 (n = 30) healthy controls without having SSNHL or CVRs. Neutrophil (N), lymphocyte (L), platelet (Plt), NLR, and PLR between the groups and their relationship with the severity of hearing loss, recovery rates, and audiogram configurations were analyzed. Results: The highest N and NLR values were in group 1 and were significantly higher than the values of group 4 ( P < .05, P < .01). There was no significant relationship between the groups in terms of L, Plt, or PLR values. The highest NLR and PLR values were determined in SSNHL patients with mild hearing loss, complete recovery, and up-sloping audiogram configuration ( P > .05). Conclusions: Elevated levels of N and NLR may be considered as strong laboratory findings showing an inflammatory response in the diagnosis of SSNHL, but the presence of CVR factors does not seem to increase the inflammatory response in SSNHL as expected. In patients with SSNHL, NLR and PLR elevation may indicate better prognosis.

scholarly journals Comparison of Selected Immune and Hematological Parameters and Their Impact on Survival in Patients with HPV-Related and HPV-Unrelated Oropharyngeal Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3256
Author(s):  
Adam Brewczyński ◽  
Beata Jabłońska ◽  
Agnieszka Maria Mazurek ◽  
Jolanta Mrochem-Kwarciak ◽  
Sławomir Mrowiec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Oropharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Hpv Status ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Several immune and hematological parameters are associated with survival in patients with oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). The aim of the study was to analyze selected immune and hematological parameters of patients with HPV-related (HPV+) and HPV-unrelated (HPV-) OPC, before and after radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy (RT/CRT) and to assess the impact of these parameters on survival. One hundred twenty seven patients with HPV+ and HPV− OPC, treated with RT alone or concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT), were included. Patients were divided according to HPV status. Confirmation of HPV etiology was obtained from FFPE (Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded) tissue samples and/or extracellular circulating HPV DNA was determined. The pre-treatment and post-treatment laboratory blood parameters were compared in both groups. The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and systemic immune inflammation (SII) index were calculated. The impact of these parameters on overall (OS) and disease-free (DFS) survival was analyzed. In HPV+ patients, a high pre-treatment white blood cells (WBC) count (>8.33 /mm3), NLR (>2.13), SII (>448.60) significantly correlated with reduced OS, whereas high NLR (>2.29), SII (>462.58) significantly correlated with reduced DFS. A higher pre-treatment NLR and SII were significant poor prognostic factors for both OS and DFS in the HPV+ group. These associations were not apparent in HPV− patients. There are different pre-treatment and post-treatment immune and hematological prognostic factors for OS and DFS in HPV+ and HPV− patients. The immune ratios could be considered valuable biomarkers for risk stratification and differentiation for HPV− and HPV+ OPC patients.

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