scholarly journals INDONESIAN RELATIVE CLAUSES AND ITS SIMILARITIES IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 722
Author(s):  
Rosmita Ambarita ◽  
Mulyadi Mulyadi
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Relative Clauses ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Similarities And Differences

This article discusses several points on the topic of Indonesian relative clauses and some foreign languages. The method used in this research is descriptive contrastive  analysis. The focus is on finding some results from previous papers on how the languages share similarities and differences as well as how they differ with English. In this case it was found that Indonesian relative clauses are known as being distinctive and different from structured English counterparts. Meanwhile, there is a tendency that relative Indonesian clauses always use passive constructs to relate noun phrases or nouns in complex sentences. Keywords:  Relative Clauses, Foreign Language 

scholarly journals Der Gebrauch des Perfekts – Ein Erklärungsmodell aus thailändischer Perspektive

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Korakoch Attaviriyanupap
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Perfective Aspect ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Speech Time ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Present Tense

In grammar and textbooks of German as a foreign language the German perfect tense (Perfekt) is mostly presented as an alternative to the preterite tense (Präteritum). However, the German perfect tense itself deserves greater attention due to its wide range of usages. This tense can mark events with reference points located either before, simultaneous with and even after the speech time. For Thai learners of German it has been established that difficulties in learning how to use the German perfect tense are not primarily concerned with problems of choosing between the perfect and the preterite but rather between the perfect tense and the present tense. This paper focuses on the aspect of "completeness", comparable to the perfective aspect, leading to different effects in the usage of the German perfect. Since German is mostly learned as a second foreign language after English, a contrastive analysis of similarities and differences between the perfect tenses in English and German have to be included in the analysis. In the conclusion, a possible description of the German perfect tense for learners of German as a foreign language is suggested.

scholarly journals Contrastive Analysis of British and American English in Relation To Teaching English as a Foreign Language

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 2367-2372
Author(s):  
Novalina Sembiring
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Research Finding ◽  
American English ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Teaching English ◽  
British English ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Descriptive Method

This research was a descriptive research which was aimed at finding out the similarities, dissimilarities and the contributions of the contrastive analysis on teaching English as a foreign language. The data of this research were collected through library and internet sources. The researchers use comparative descriptive method to analyse the data. The obtained results was the comparison of American and British English in vocabulary, grammar, spelling, pronunciation and the contributions of them in teaching English as a foreign language. The research finding shows that British and American English are very similar in many aspects. Even though British and American English are mostly similar, they also have some differences. The difference of British and American English can be found in terms of vocabulary, grammar, spelling and pronunciation. Among them, vocabulary is the largest one. It is suggested that lecturers and teachers aware of the similarities and differences between British and American English in teaching English as a foreign language so that it will lead to the successful teaching of English including its varieties.

scholarly journals تغيرات الزيادة العربية والإندونيسية و تأديّتها في تعليم اللغة العربية

Abjadia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhamad Isbah Habibii
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
First Language ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
National Language ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Language Analysis ◽  
Level Of Difficulty ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

<p>منذ 28 أكتوبر 1928 تكون اللغة الإندونيسية لغة رسمية في الإندونيسيا، وهي من اللغات الأوسترونية. ويبدو واضحا من الاختلافات الأنفة الذكر أنها يسبب لأخطأ دارس اللغة العربية. الدارس كثيراما يبدأ الأخطأ في عملية تدريس اللغة العربية. ومن بين اسباب الأخطأ هي خصائص اللغة الثانية أو لغة الهدف لا توجد في لغته الأم. أما المنهج الذي انتجته الباحثة في هذه الدراسة فهو البحث الوصفي والمنهج البحث المكتبي والميداني، ولتحقيقه استخدم هذا البحث البحث الإجرائي. ونتائج هذا البحث قسمان. الأول: وجوه التشبّهات و الإختلافات: فوجوه التشبّهات توجد 10 تشبّهات. ووجوه الإختلافات توجد 25 إختلافات. والثاني: تأديّته في تعليم اللغة العربية. أ) إن وجوه الإختلافات تؤدي إلى مواجهة الصعوبة في مهارة الكتابة. فينبغي للمدرس أن يختار وجوه التشبّهات؛ ب) هذه التقايلية كالأساس في صياغ التقنيق التعليمي في تعليم اللغة العربية ل سيما في ترتيب المواد اللغة لتكون سهلة ولائقة حسب المستوى</p><p>Since October 28, 1928, Indonesian language is officially used by the Indonesian as national language. And when viewed from the clump of this language includes Austronesian based on the classification, and Arabic language includes semid based on the classification. This difference of classification leads to errors in learners’  language. Such as the first language fragmentation of a second language (Arabic) which is also called Interference language. To analyze this research,  the researcher used contrastive analysis. The instruments used in this study are documentation, observation and interviews. The results of this study are divided into two poin, including: similarities and differences Affix Arabic And Indonesian. The first: aspect of the similarities there are ten similarities, and aspects of the two aspects of difference there are twenty-five differences. Second: The implication in maharah kitabah are: a) The contrastive analysis can be used to predict the mistakes of students studying foreign languages. The points of difference in each of the first and second language levels will give students difficulties in learning the second language. Preferably the same items will make it easier for students to learn a second language; b) The contrastive analysis can provide a comprehensive and consistent contribution and as a means of controlling the preparation of teaching materials and second language lessons efficiently. By comparison of differences in each level of language analysis, the material can be arranged according to the level of difficulty of each level.</p><p>Sejak tanggal 28 Oktober 1928, bahasa Indonesia resmi digunakan oleh bangsa Indonesia sebagai bahasa nasional. Jika dilihat dari rumpunnya, bahasa ini termasuk rumpun bahasa Austronesia. Sedangkan bahasa Arab merupakan bahasa Semit. Perbedaan rumpun ini menyebabkan terjadinya kesalahan-kesalahan pada para pelajar bahasa tersebut seperti pergesekan bahasa pertama terhadap bahasa kedua (bahasa Arab) yang disebut juga dengan Interferensi bahasa. Peneliti menggunakan analisis kontrastif. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah dokumentasi, observasi dan wawancara. Adapun hasil penelitian ini terbagi menjadi dua, diantaranya: 1) Persamaan dan perbedaan afiksasi dalam bahasa Arab dan Indonesia. Terdapat sepuluh persamaan, meliputi faidah afiksasi dalam kedua bahasa. Selain itu, terdapat dua puluh lima perbedaan meliputi faidah afiksasi yang ada dalam kedua bahasa. 2) Implikasi Anakon terhadap maharah kitabah adalah: a) anakon dapat digunakan untuk meramal kesalahan siswa mempelajari bahasa asing atau bahasa kedua. Butir-butir perbedaan dalam tiap-tiap tataran bahasa pertama dan kedua memberikan kesulitan kepada para siswa dalam mempelajari bahasa kedua itu. Sebaiknya, guru menggunakan butir-butir yang sama untuk mempermudah siswa mempelajari bahasa kedua;  b) anakon dapat memberikan satu sumbangan yang menyeluruh dan konsisten sebagai alat pengendali penyusunan materi pengajaran dan pelajaran bahasa kedua secara efisien. Dengan membandingkan perbedaan pada setiap tataran analisis bahasa, bahan ajar dapat disusun sesuai dengan tingkat kesulitan masing-masing tataran</p>

scholarly journals SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES IN RISSIAN AND AMERICAN SOCIOPOLITICAL WORLD IMAGES ON THE BASIS OF FREE-ASSOCIATION TEST RESULTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-108
Author(s):  
Светлана Александровна Чугунова
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Free Association ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Test Results ◽  
North Americans ◽  
Foreign Language Proficiency ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Political Vocabulary

С опорой на положения психолингвистических теорий, предложенных в разное время А.А. Залевской, анализируются результаты свободного ассоциативного эксперимента у испытуемых - русских студентов факультета иностранных языков с хорошим уровнем подготовки по английскому языку и молодых людей - носителей американского английского в возрасте 22-24 лет на материале стимулов - семантических коррелятов, объединяемых абстрактностью значения, высокой частотностью употребления и политической тематикой. Based on the psycholinguistic theories proposed and developed by A.A. Zalevskaya in different years, the article presents a free-association test results in two groups of Russian foreign languages faculty students with intermediate, upper-intermediate and advanced levels of foreign language proficiency and in a group of North Americans aged between 22 and 24 years. The stimuli included semantic correlates (or equivalents) in Russian and English, representing political vocabulary characterized by frequency of occurrence and abstract meaning.

scholarly journals El Análisis Contrastivo como herramienta para facilitar el plurilingüismo: el caso del artículo en árabe y en español

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
María del Mar Boillos
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Awareness ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Teaching Assessment ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Definite Articles ◽  
Communicative Success

Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar algunos de los beneficios que puede reportar el análisis contrastivo para la docencia de los profesores de español lengua extranjera a araboparlantes en sus países de origen. Siguiendo como eje el concepto de plurilingüismo establecido por el MCER (Marco común europeo de referencia para las lenguas: aprendizaje, enseñanza, evaluación) y el de conciencia lingüística, se presenta un ejemplo de cómo el conocimiento de los profesores de las similitudes y diferencias entre los usos de las formas lingüísticas puede contribuir al desarrollo de metodologías en las que se potencia el desarrollo de la competencia plurilingüe de los alumnos. Una competencia en la que los contenidos lingüísticos ayudan a lograr un mayor éxito comunicativo. En este caso, se estudiará la aportación del análisis contrastivo de los artículos definidos en ambas lenguas y su explotación desde el punto de vista estratégico. The aim of this article is to present the benefits of contrastive analysis studies in teaching Spanish as a foreign language to Arab-speaking students in their home countries. Considering the concept of multilingualism set by the CEFR (Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment) and the notion of language awareness, this research is an example of how teachers’ knowledge of the similarities and differences between the uses of linguistic forms may contribute to the development of multilingual awareness of students. At the same time, linguistic contents will help to achieve a greater communicative success. In this case, we will consider the contributions of contrastive analysis of definite articles in both languages and its operation from the strategic standpoint.

scholarly journals CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH AND ALBANIAN ADJECTIVES

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Isa Spahiu ◽  
Edita Kamberi Spahiu
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
English Language ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
World Language ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Semantic Classification ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Formation Function ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Language is a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols. Learning a foreign language is never easy especially when we try to express our thought, opinions, feelings and ideas from mother language to target language. Because English is so widely spoken, it has often been referred to as a “world language” or “lingua franca’. While it is not an official language in most countries, it is currently the language most often taught as a foreign language. Since English language is taught as foreign language in our country learning its grammar is still challenging. Proper grammar is essential for learning and comprehending the second language knowing that grammar is a guide how language should be written and spoken. As basic Grammar deals with parts of speech this paper will concentrate on adjective both in English and Albanian their formation, function, degree, order and semantic classification. This seminar paper deals with contrastive analyses of English and Albanian adjectives and aims at describing and analyzing similarities and differences that exist between them. The methodology of the study is descriptive and contrastive. Even though the English and Albanian languages belong to the Indo-European family they do share similarities and differences both in morphological and syntactical terms.  

scholarly journals Verbal and Non-verbal Means of Communication in Teaching Foreign Language

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulden Tussupova ◽  
Assel T. Temirbekova ◽  
Kamila K. Kerimbayeva
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Verbal Communication ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Higher Educational Institutions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Higher Educational

Teaching foreign languages takes one of the most important places in educational process in Kazakhstan. Nowadays learning foreign language in higher educational institutions is connected with educational aims and wide range of business and cultural communication with foreign countries. Communication in foreign language using appropriate style in definite fields or various situations may vary according to the time and may be considered as an object in scientific project. It is necessary to mention that results of such research are extremely important for development of relations, effectiveness of communication, and achievement of communication goals in professional activity by modern learners. The purpose of study is the selection of educational materials and using them in teaching foreign language, taking into account verbal and non-verbal communicative means which have effect on communication process. Methods used in this study are studying psychological basis of the processes which take place in foreign language communication; eliciting methodically relevant similarities and differences in verbal and non-verbal means of native and foreign languages. Our study has found out that it is very important to create new behavioral ways and eliminate discrepancy of existing behavioral norms by using elicited methodically relevant similarities and differences in verbal and non-verbal means in native and foreign languages. We have been selecting verbal and non-verbal communication means. Then we contrasted them in different situations using various types of means in dialogues and monologues performed by students of our university. We have divided students into two groups: treatment and control. In the result of practical study, the researchers could found out that students who are less aware of using and expressing communication means, make more common mistakes in speech or can even offend other speaker unwillingly. This study could be used in development of communicative competences by using non-verbal means. It will help people to avoid the situations like culture clash or misunderstanding between specific cultural behaviour. Scientific outcomes are good practical examples for teaching foreign language in linguistic institutions. Keywords: Development of communicative competence; ; Higher educational institutions; Teaching foreign language; Verbal and non-verbal communication mean

A Contrastive Analysis of Indonesian and English Noun Phrases: How the Differences Create Problems in Translation as Seen in “Chemistry 2A for Senior High School Grade XI Semester 1”

Lexicon ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anisah Durrotul Fajri
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Senior High School ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
School Grade ◽  
High School Grade ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
English Noun

This research aims: 1) to find out the differences and similarities between Indonesian and English noun phrases, 2) to explain the effects of the differences and similarities between Indonesian and English noun phrases on the translation products. By using contrastive analysis Indonesian and English constructions of noun phrases are contrasted to get the differences and similarities by which the data are analyzed. The results show that Indonesian and English constructions of noun phrases have similarities and differences which create problems in translation. Those noun phrases which have differences create more problems in translation than those having similarities.

Archi

2021 ◽  
pp. 279-316
Author(s):  
Marina Chumakina
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Relative Clauses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Language Endangerment ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Complement Clauses ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Adverbial Clauses ◽  
The One

The chapter provides a description of Archi, a Lezgic language of the Nakh-Daghestanian family spoken in one village in the highlands of Daghestan. First, the current sociolinguistic situation delivers a view of the language endangerment risks, then the chapter gives an overview of Archi phonological system and discusses the morphosyntactic properties of Archi nouns, pronouns, and minor lexical classes. Next, the article gives an overview of the Archi verb morphosyntax. The chapter then discusses the structure of the simple clause covering such topics as word order, finiteness, valency classes, negation, and agreement, among others. Complex sentences (clause chaining and converbs, relative clauses, complement clauses, adverbial clauses, and long-distance anaphora) are discussed. The chapter closes with outstanding issues that require further research. Whenever possible, the chapter views Archi against the general background of Nakh-Daghestanian languages and discusses the similarities and differences. Due to its unusual history (a Lezgic language which lost the contact with other languages of the group very early on and developed with Lak and Avar as its immediate neighbors), Archi has preserved some archaic phonological as well as morphosyntactic features of Lezgic on the one hand and shows the results of the contact with non-Lezgic languages on the other.

scholarly journals Humour as a pedagogical tool in the teaching of English and German equivocal words

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-653
Author(s):  
Alfonso Corbacho Sánchez ◽  
Luis Javier Conejero Magro
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Vocabulary Development ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Pedagogical Tool ◽  
Proper Sense ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Language Classroom ◽  
False Friend

This article proves statistically the effectiveness of humour in the teaching of English and German to Spanish students of foreign languages. The referred lexicon is particularly troublemaking because of the difficulties that such vocabulary poses for Spanish learners of not-Latin-originated languages. The approach followed is a quantitative and contrastive analysis and was carried out with four groups of Spanish learners. The experimental groups (one for each language) were presented with the input they were supposed to learn in sentences and contexts in which the use of the English/German term, with the meaning of its Spanish ‘false friend’, resulted in nonsensical and highly humorous utterances. The presentation of the same lexical items to the control groups was more neutral and deliberately bereft of humour. After that, the participants were set a test to find out whether or not they remembered the proper sense of the lexicon taught and could also use it correctly. The results are conclusive and the outcome strongly supports the beneficial effects of pedagogical humour in the language classroom. Keywords: Humour, English as a foreign language, German as a foreign language, L2 resources, motivation, vocabulary development.

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