Behavior in the electric current curve by changing the anodizing area

In this work, we studied the change in the electric current and the length of the nanotubes depending on the area and the exposure time in the anodizing process. Over time the anodizing area was changed with a rate of 0.5 cm2 to 2.5 cm2 using a total anodizing time of 60 min, using a chemical solution (2ml /3 ml /0.30g ) and maintaining a constant anodizing voltage equal to 20 V. The behavior in the nanostructures was recorded by the evolution of the current density as a function of the anodizing time. The morphology of the nanostructures was analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). With the use of the Imagej program. The size, length and diameter of the titanium nanostructures are obtained. The sample that presented the best behavior was that of an anodizing area of 1.5 cm2 and an anodizing time of 36 min. This presents a surface where open nanotubes are observed in the upper part with a vertical length of 0.23 μm and a pattern thereof organized in a circular arrangement with a diameter of 0.035 μm. It was observed that increasing the area under these anodizing conditions decreased the length of the nanotubes. The mobility of the loads was always greater with the area of exposure, which is observed in the increase of the current

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Experimental investigation of the effects of different types of fracturing fluids on the pore structure characteristics of Shale Reservoir Rocks

Energy Exploration & Exploitation ◽

10.1177/0144598719888937 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 682-702 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zepeng Sun ◽

Yue Ni ◽

Yongli Wang ◽

Zhifu Wei ◽

Baoxiang Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Pore Structure ◽

Reservoir Rocks ◽

Fracturing Fluids ◽

Different Types ◽

Shale Reservoir ◽

Mineral Compositions ◽

Over Time ◽

Scanning Electron

The chemical and physical capabilities of shale can be altered by the interactions between fracturing fluid and shale formation, affecting the long-term reservoir productivity. To obtain information regarding how fracturing fluids with different components impact the pore structure, porosity and mineral compositions of shale reservoir rocks over time, two different types of commercial fracturing fluids (slick water and crosslinked gel) were used to react with the shales from Longmaxi Formation of Lower Silurian in the Sichuan Basin of South China. Experiments were conducted with various time intervals (1, 4 and 10 days) in a reactor at 50 MPa and 100°C, and then analytical methods including X-ray diffraction, low pressure nitrogen adsorption, field emission scanning electron microscopy and porosity measurement were used to examine the changes of mineralogical compositions, pore structure and porosity. The results demonstrated that the mineral compositions of shale samples were significantly changed after treatment with two different fracturing fluids for 4 days. The analysis of field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed that the carbonate minerals were dissolved and developed many dissolution pores after slick water treatment, while the crosslinked gel mainly caused the precipitation of carbonate minerals. After exposure to different fracturing fluids, the total pore volume and specific surface area decreased over time. Moreover, the fractal dimensions (D1 and D2) of shale showed an apparent decrease trend after treatment with two different fracturing fluids, indicating that the pore surface and structure become smooth and regular. The porosity of shale significantly decreased by 15.9% and 17.8%, respectively, after 10 days of slick water and crosslinked gel treatment. These results indicated that the injection of the two different types of fracturing fluids may negatively impact the shale gas production through reducing the nanopore structure and porosity of shale reservoir rocks.

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Formation and Characterization of the Quasicrystal Films

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.546-549.1699 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 546-549 ◽

pp. 1699-1702

Author(s):

Xi Ying Zhou ◽

Liang He ◽

Yan Hui Liu

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Thin Films ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Electric Current ◽

Wear Behavior ◽

Micro Hardness ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Scanning Electron

Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystals powder was used to prepare the thin films on the surface of the A3 steel by the means of DMD-450 vacuum evaporation equipment. The thin films with different characterization were obtained through different parameters. The microstructures of the thin films were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Additionally, the nano-hardness and the modulus of the films are tested by MTS and Neophot micro-hardness meter. The results showed that the modulus of the films was about 160GPa. Nano hardness of the films was about 7.5 Gpa. The films consisted of CuAl2, AlCu3. The thickness and the micro-hardness of the films are improved. In same way, with the increase of the electric current, the thickness and the hardness of the films are also improved. Along with increase of the time and the electric current, the wear behavior of the films was improved. To some extent, the microstructure of films contained the quasicrystal phase of Al65Cu20Fe15.

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Morphologic Characterization of Ceramic-Ceramic Dental Systems Failure

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.614.140 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 614 ◽

pp. 140-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Florin Miculescu ◽

Lucian Toma Ciocan ◽

Daniela Meghea ◽

Marian Miculescu

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Dental Restorations ◽

Entire Structure ◽

Type Of Failure ◽

Systems Failure ◽

Over Time ◽

Scanning Electron

Sintered ceramics and ceramic glasses are frequently used as biomaterials for dental restorations, usually for inlays, onlays, veneers, crowns or bridges. In this study we analyzed several types of ceramic-ceramic type prosthetic restorations in order to assess the types of defects that can lead to their failure. The research aim is to morphologically identify by scanning electron microscopy the main types of defects that lead to failure over time of ceramic-ceramic prostheses type. The type of failure registered were fracture of plating material (feldspatic porcelain) and fracture of entire structure (zirconia and feldspatic porcelain).

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Long-Term SOFCs Button Cell Testing

Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology ◽

10.1115/1.4025924 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Gianfranco DiGiuseppe ◽

Li Sun

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽

Impedance Spectroscopy ◽

Current Density ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

X Ray ◽

Total Polarization ◽

Scanning Electron

This paper reports a new study where relatively long-term tests of about a 1000 h are performed on several planar anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells. The cell electrochemical behaviors are studied by using voltage-current density measurement, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The cell total polarization obtained from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results is shown to be consistent with the area-specific resistance calculated from the voltage-current density curve over the course of the test. In addition, a four-constant phase element model is used to analyze the cell components resistances at different intervals over the lifetime of the test. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy are used postmortem to determine if any damages occurred to the cells and to determine if any change in composition occurred to the lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite cathode. This study shows that the tested cells remain stable with a relatively small increase in the cell total polarization but with no increase in ohmic resistance.

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Fabrication Lead Dioxide Coating by Pulse Current Method

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.581-582.590 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 581-582 ◽

pp. 590-594

Author(s):

Xu Dong Lv ◽

Xue Tao Yuan ◽

Zhi Qiang Hua ◽

Lei Wang ◽

Tao Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Relaxation Time ◽

Current Density ◽

Pulse Current ◽

Lead Dioxide ◽

Current Method ◽

Pulse Time ◽

Current Technique ◽

Scanning Electron

Prepared lead dioxide（PbO2） coating on a Ti substrate by pulse current technique. The effect of the pulse current density, pulse time and relaxation time on the morphology and electrochemistry properties of the coating was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy and electrochemistry station. Compared with lead dioxide fabricate by common electroplate technique, lead dioxide coating prepared by pulse current technique is more dense, without hole, better corrosion resisting property and more stable electrochemistry properties.

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Impact of Indocyanine Green Concentration, Exposure Time, and Degree of Dissolution in Creating Toxic Anterior Segment Syndrome: Evaluation in a Rabbit Model

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2016/3827050 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tamer Tandogan ◽

Ramin Khoramnia ◽

Gerd Uwe Auffarth ◽

Michael Janusz Koss ◽

Chul Young Choi

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Indocyanine Green ◽

Exposure Time ◽

Anterior Segment ◽

Rabbit Model ◽

Ultrasound Pachymetry ◽

Toxic Anterior Segment Syndrome ◽

Scanning Electron

Purpose. To investigate the role of indocyanine green (ICG) dye as a causative material of toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS) in an experimental rabbit model.Method. Eight eyes of four rabbits were allocated to this study. Capsular staining was performed using ICG dye, after which the anterior chamber was irrigated with a balanced salt solution. The effects of different concentrations (control, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0%), exposure times (10 and 60 seconds), and the degree of dissolution (differently vortexed) were investigated. The analysis involved anterior segment photography, ultrasound pachymetry, prostaglandin assay (PGE2Parameter Assay, R&D systems, Inc.), and scanning electron microscopy of each iris.Result. There was no reaction in the control eye. A higher aqueous level of PGE2and more severe inflammatory reaction were observed in cases of eyes with higher concentration, longer exposure time, and poorly dissolved dye. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy revealed larger and coarser ICG particles.Conclusion. TASS occurrence may be associated with the concentration, exposure time, and degree of dissolution of ICG dye during cataract surgery.

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Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of Nano Si-C Composite

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.852.278 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 852 ◽

pp. 278-282

Author(s):

Xiao Chen ◽

Yun Yang ◽

Shui Jin Yang ◽

Chuan Qi Feng ◽

Zai Ping Guo

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Current Density ◽

Reversible Capacity ◽

Testing System ◽

Electrochemical Performances ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Initial Capacity ◽

Scanning Electron

nanoSi-C composite was prepared using eletronspinning technique. The microstructure and morphology of the Si-C composite were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical performances of the Si-C composite were tested by battery testing system. The results showed that the Si-C composite not only behaved high initial capacity but also good cycle performances. The reversible discharge capacity could remain at 860 mAhg-1 when current density was 50 mAg-1. The rate reversible capacity is much higher than that of pure nanoSi anode at same condition.

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Effect of Pr6O11 Doping on the Microstructural and Electrical Properties of ZnO-Pr6O11-Co3O4-Cr2O3-SnO2 Varistors

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.633.308 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 633 ◽

pp. 308-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xiu Li Fu ◽

Hai Feng ◽

Zhi Jian Peng

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Grain Size ◽

Electrical Properties ◽

Current Density ◽

Doping Level ◽

Nonlinear Coefficient ◽

Ceramic Processing ◽

Conventional Ceramic Processing ◽

Scanning Electron

ZnO-Pr6O11-Co3O4-Cr2O3-SnO2 varistors with different doping levels of Pr6O11 (0.25-2 mol%) were prepared at 1300 °C with conventional ceramic processing, and the effect of Pr6O11 doping on the microstructure and electrical properties of the varistor materials were investigated. The results indicated that the doped Pr6O11 basically existed at the boundary of ZnO grains in the varistor ceramics, and SnO2 might enter into the lattice of ZnO grains or precipitate in reaction with Pr6O11 into Pr2Sn2O7 at the gain boundaries particularly where there were three or more ZnO grains. The analysis of scanning electron microscopy further revealed that Pr6O11 doping would inhibit the growth of ZnO grains, resulting in decreasing ZnO grain size with increasing doping level of Pr6O11. The measured electric-field/current-density characteristics of the samples showed that the varistor voltage increased with increasing doping level of Pr6O11 when the doping level was no more than 1.5 mol%, and the nonlinear coefficient of the varistors increased with increasing doping level of Pr6O11 up to no more than 1.0 mol% in the varistors, respectively.

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The Influence of the Deposition Parameters on the Properties of Ni-Cu Deposition

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.19.1.6848 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 45-49

Author(s):

Oana Claudia Ciobotea Barbu ◽

Ioana Alina Ciobotaru ◽

Florin Mihai Benga ◽

Danut Ionel Vaireanu

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Current Density ◽

Deposition Time ◽

Steel Substrate ◽

Deposition Process ◽

Deposition Parameters ◽

Temperature Scanning ◽

Scanning Electron

This paper discusses the properties of some Ni-Cu deposits obtained on a steel substrate, which may be employed as supercapacitor plates. In order to achieve plates with different properties, one has varied the parameters of the deposition process such as deposition time, current density and temperature. Scanning electron microscopy and dispersive energy spectrometry were employed for the determination of the structure and composition of the Ni-Cu deposits. The plates with the Ni-Cu deposits were used to create supercapacitors and their capacitance values were also determined.

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The Analysis on the Relationship between Dating and the Gel-ink Material Penetration of Handwriting along Z Direction on Paper

CONVERTER ◽

10.17762/converter.188 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 363-369

Author(s):

Jiangchun Li, Et al.

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Penetration Depth ◽

Stable State ◽

Regular Variety ◽

Interdisciplinary Science ◽

Penetration Process ◽

The Relationship ◽

Over Time ◽

Scanning Electron

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technology has been widely used in forensic science, which promotes the development of interdisciplinary science. This paper used SEM to observe the penetration degree of common black gel-ink on paper. The penetration morphology of the different black brands gel-ink has been observed. The relationship between the penetration process of gel-ink material and the dating of document has been observed after determining the measuring position. The results showed that the penetration depth of ink along Z direction on paper is significantly different, the penetration speed of ink is also different, which presents regular variety and gradually reaches a relatively stable state over time. The application of SEM will provide a useful exploration for judging the ink dating.

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