scholarly journals Analysing the performance of public enterprises in Namibia: A challenge for the practice of public administration?

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-109
Author(s):  
Ralph Marenga
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
National Development ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Enterprises ◽  
Performance Targets ◽  
Accountability Measures ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Government

Public enterprises (PEs) are important instruments through which governments implement various national development objectives. A majority of PEs in Namibia face criticism on their inability to meet performance targets. These PEs are poorly managed and are a constant financial burden to the state. The degree of state acceptability through its public administrative processes as influenced by PE performance has been problematised as having a bearing on the trust and confidence of the public in the government. A qualitative paradigm was followed in analysing PE performance and its challenges for public administration in Namibia. The current text finds that poor accountability measures, financial burden on the state, procurement anomalies and the proliferation of corruption as some of the underlying causes for the poor performance of a majority of PEs in Namibia. This status quo erodes the public’s trust in the ability of the government to manage PEs. The study found a great contradiction in the relationship that exists between the government as a shareholder with the leadership of most PEs as relating to the crux of the agency theory. This study centrally recommends the robust implementation of existing legislation to redress the poor performance of PEs and its challenges for public administration.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Bureaucracy: Examining the Relations between Bureaucrats and Politicians in Lesotho

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-33
Author(s):  
Moeketsi Kali
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Rent Seeking ◽  
The Political ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Political Office ◽  
The Government

Bureaucracy represents an ideal form of public administration. Its robust structure facilitates the attainment of public goals. It introduces fairness, rationality, discipline and equity into the public administration. Regardless of its desirability, it is not conveying the expected outcomes in Lesotho. This paper is largely based on secondary data and content analysis to unearth the causes of the poor performance of bureaucracy in the country. It found out that the rent-seeking behaviour of elected public officials taints the merits of bureaucracy so that scholars are lured to believe that it is dysfunctional. The behaviour of the political office-holders in Lesotho demonstrates that they are determined to intimidate technocrats who hamper their interests. Such practices overshadow the desirability of bureaucracy. Top political office-bearers in the country prefer infiltrating the bureaucracy with unqualified civil servants for political gains. They have even coopted the judges so that they can manipulate the public administration with impunity. However, the government of Lesotho can correct these abnormalities by reinforcing the existing laws and strengthening the impartiality of the judiciary.

scholarly journals Minister-Permanent Secretary Relationships: Lessons from Zimbabwe’s Government of national Unity

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Tawanda Zinyama ◽  
Joseph Tinarwo
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
The State ◽  
Team Work ◽  
The Political ◽  
National Unity ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government

Public administration is carried out through the public service. Public administration is an instrument of the State which is expected to implement the policy decisions made from the political and legislative processes. The rationale of this article is to assess the working relationships between ministers and permanent secretaries in the Government of National Unity in Zimbabwe. The success of the Minister depends to a large degree on the ability and goodwill of a permanent secretary who often has a very different personal or professional background and whom the minster did not appoint. Here lies the vitality of the permanent secretary institution. If a Minister decides to ignore the advice of the permanent secretary, he/she may risk of making serious errors. The permanent secretary is the key link between the democratic process and the public service. This article observed that the mere fact that the permanent secretary carries out the political, economic and social interests and functions of the state from which he/she derives his/her authority and power; and to which he/she is accountable,  no permanent secretary is apolitical and neutral to the ideological predisposition of the elected Ministers. The interaction between the two is a political process. Contemporary administrator requires complex team-work and the synthesis of diverse contributions and view-points.

scholarly journals Export Diversification and Economic Growth in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Ifeakachukwu Nwosa ◽  
Fasina Oluwadamilola Tosin ◽  
Ogbuagu Matthew Ikechukwu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Export Diversification ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Oil Market ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Auto Regressive ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
The Government

The issue of export diversification has been contentious in Nigeria due to the country’s unstable growth pattern which is majorly associated with instability in the international oil market and the poor performance of other sectors of the economy. Therefore, this study examines the link between export diversification and economic growth in Nigeria from 1962 to 2016. The study utilizes the Auto-regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique. The result of this study shows that export diversification has a positive but insignificant influence on economic growth in Nigeria. The above result implies that the oil sector still dominates the Nigerian economy while the diversification drive of the government has not been significant in other sectors of the economy. Thus, the study recommends the need for conscious economic policies that would promote the diversification of the entire non-oil sector of the economy. The study concludes that export diversification is an insignificant determinant of economic growth in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Mesoeconomics of Migration and Trade

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Bijan Bidabad ◽  
Mahshid Sherafati
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
The State ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
International Economy ◽  
Wage Elasticity ◽  
Meso Level ◽  
Similar Shape ◽  
Previous State ◽  
The Government

In this paper, we analyze Mesoeconomics of migration and trade in interregional and international economy. Decision-makers are interested in analyzing how changing the prices or wages will lead to these movements and what policies can be devised to revert the markets into their initial equilibrium. We assume in our simple model, that the wages or prices change in one region, and we will measure the equilibrium of the markets of the two regions. After some time, by migration of workers and trading commodities, a new equilibrium will be achieved. If one of the governments of the two regions intends to revert the equilibrium to the state before changes were applied, how should that government act and how great will its financial burden be? In this paper, we try to formulate the answer to this question in the context of two simple, homogenous, and similar-shape economies. This paper is centered on the behavior of individuals of the two regions, which we try to generalize it so that we could evaluate the problem at meso level analytically. Therefore, we simplify the problem to the extent that its micro and macro dimensions coincide. We check different cases of Changing wage elasticity of price or production elasticity of employment and examine the financial burden of a policy of no labor and commodity movement. In this way, if the government of region 1 decides to counteract and revert the conditions into the previous state, it can pay specific subsidies to workers, legislate due taxes on selling commodities, and thereby establish the conditions of the equation as prior to changes.

scholarly journals Sinergi Pelayanan Zakat dan Pajak Dalam Upaya Mengurangi Kemiskinan

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (32) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jumi Herlita
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
The State ◽  
Tax Collection ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Government

Zakat and taxes are two important sources of funding for the state. Both function to solve economic problems and reduce poverty in the community. But in reality the function of zakat and tax can not be optimal. BAZNAS and LAZ as an extension of the government in managing zakat can not be maximized in the collection of zakat funds as well as taxes. Although the nature of the tax is not specific to the poor, but also to the rich, but in fact the existence of taxes have not been able to solve poverty in Indonesia. Therefore it is necessary solution to synergize zakat and tax in order to increase zakat and tax collection. With bersinerginya zakat and taxes are expected to increase public awareness to pay zakat and taxes that can eventually be used to reduce poverty.

A Study of Sun Wu Seed Grain Loan Registers from Zoumalou (走馬樓吳簡中的種糧給貸簿研究)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiong Qu (熊曲) ◽  
Song Shaohua (宋少華)
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Emergency Relief ◽  
Standard Unit ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Government

This paper reconstructs two documents from the Three Kingdoms state of Wu unearthed at Zoumalou, Changsha, based on archaeological information as well as the form and contents of the excavated slips and tablets. The documents are registers of the state loaning seed grain to commoners: one type are “registers of grain loans,” while the other are “registers of seed grain loans from the Jiahe 3rd year.” Based on this reconstruction, we show that the standard unit to which the government loaned seed was the household, that the purpose was emergency relief of the poor, and that people received more grain than they needed for seed and were then able to eat some of it. 根據考古信息、簡牘形制及其內容，本文嘗試復原了走馬樓吳簡中的兩個官府種糧給貸簿書——出禾給貸簿和嘉禾三年種糧給貸簿。并由此認爲，官府借貸種糧以一户爲標準，以救濟貧民爲目的，但種糧的用途除了耕種外，也會用於口糧。

Competences of Public Administration of the Slovak Republic in the Area of Defense

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-165
Author(s):  
Ryszard Szynowski
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
The State ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
The Public ◽  
Government Administration ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Many

In one of the many definitions of public administration it was stated that it is the fulfillment of individual and collective needs of citizens, resulting from the co-existence of people in society, realized by the state and its dependent organs. One of the needs of an individual is the need for safety. Ensuring the safety of citizens is realized by the public administration, due to its service to the society as an executive apparatus possessing a democratic mandate of political power, in service of the law created by said organs. A particular role in the area of defense belongs to authoritative administration, which performs tasks including reversing risks and removing dangers, including the realization of tasks and undertakings aimed at military preparation in case of war. The aim of the following article is to present the tasks and competences in the area of protecting the President, the government, government administration officials on duty and local self-administration of the Slovak Republic. Various methods have been used to reach the pre-determined goal, primarily the method of document investigation, which made it possible to gather, sort, describe and scientifically interpret the legal acts of the Slovak Republic regarding defensive matters.

scholarly journals APAKAH PEMBENTUKAN HOLDING MENINGKATKAN KINERJA PERUSAHAAN ? ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN KINERJA ANAK PERUSAHAAN ABC BUMN HOLDING SEBELUM DAN SETELAH HOLDINGISASI DAN FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHINYA

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Bambang Utoyo
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sugar Mills ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Non Parametric

Abstract: The government has established ABC BUMN Holding, with the hope that the performance of its subsidiaries' performance after holding has increased sharply. Unfortunately the financial performance of its subsidiaries is no better than before the holding. This study is intended to analyze the performance of ABC BUMN subsidiaries before and after holding and look for factors that affect their performance, with non-parametric statistical methods and discussions with experts. The results showed that the poor performance of subsidiaries was partly due to the focus of the holding Directors still on restructuring the debt of subsidiaries which were carried out before the establishment of holding, the low productivity of plantations as a result of late replenting, fertilization and maintenance that are not in accordance with the standard, the cost of revitalizing sugar mills has not been able to be prepared by the holding, the synergy between the parent company and its subsidiaries has not gone well, and there has been a tendency to decline in plantation commodity prices. Keywords: Holding, financial performance, low productivity of plantation,  statistic non parametric. Abstrak :Pemerintah telah membentuk ABC BUMN Holding, dengan harapan kinerja anak perusahaan setelah dilakukan holding meningkat secara tajam. Sayangnya kinerja keuangan anak perusahaannya tidak lebih baik dari sebelum holding. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk menganalisis kinerja anak perusahaan ABC BUMN sebelum dan setelah holding dan mencari faktor yang memengaruhi kinerjanya, dengan metode statistic non parametric dan diskusi dengan pakar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa belum baiknya kinerja anak perusahaan antara lain disebabkan fokus Direksi holding masih pada restrukturisasi hutang anak perusahaan yang terbawa dari sebelum pembentukan holding, rendahnya produktivitas perkebunan sebagai dampak terlambat replenting, pemupukan dan pemeliharaan yang tidak sesuai standar, besarnya biaya revitalisasi pabrik gula yang belum mampu disiapkan oleh holding, sinergi antara perusahaan induk dan anak perusahaan belum berjalan dengan baik, dan adanya kecenderungan turunnya harga komoditas perkebunan. Kata kunci: Holding, Kinerja keuangan, rendahnya produktivitas perkebunan, statistic non parametric.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF MODERN FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANTI-CORRUPTION ACTIVITIES OF THE STATE

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 116-122
Author(s):  
Naumchuk Kateryna Naumchuk Kateryna
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Government

For several years in a row, Ukraine has been on the path of active democratic transformations due to a significant number of complex political, economic, environmental, and regulatory changes. Most of the transformations are due to the unwillingness of civil society to put up with situations that hinder the gradual development of all spheres of activity. Unfortunately, the leading positions are occupied by problems related to corruption in the public sector, which is one of the inhibiting factors in the implementation of state programs, reforms, and innovations. Their influence reduces the level of public confidence in the government, as well as contributes to the deterioration of the country's position at the level of international cooperation. Such actions lead to the development of crisis phenomena in sociopolitical and economic activities, reduces the level of national security and social protection of citizens. The presence of crisis phenomena leads to the need to make changes in the functioning of the most necessary industries such as health care facilities, educational services, state-owned enterprises, and industry. The phenomenon of corruption has a negative impact on the country's competitiveness, on its ability to fully meet the needs of its own citizens, which creates distrust not only of ordinary citizens but also of entrepreneurs. Based on this, identifying and preventing the influence of the main factors influencing the development of the anti-corruption policy of the state is quite relevant and important for solving the problems that have covered the activities of our country. In the course of the research, the approaches to understanding the essence of anti-corruption policy were generalized, measures were identified and priority areas for combating corruption were identified. It was found that the functioning of the process of democratic transformation in combating corruption contributes to the creation of a non-corrupt environment that promotes the progressive development of the country. Keywords: Corruption, corrupt activities, state anti-corruption policy, anti-corruption activities, public administration, public administration, public authorities.

scholarly journals Tinjauan Yuridis Akibat Berlakunya UU No. 11 Tahun 2016 Tentang Pengampunan Pajak Terhadap Sanksi Pidana Perpajakan

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-235
Author(s):  
Hadzil Hadzil ◽  
Mahdi Syahbandir ◽  
Syarifuddin Hasyim
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Code ◽  
The State ◽  
Criminal Offense ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
Tax Amnesty ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Government

Terdapat cukup banyak masyarakat yang dengan sengaja melakukan kecurangan-kecurangan dan melalaikan kewajibannya dalam melaksanakan pembayaran pajak yang telah ditetapkan sehingga menyebabkan timbulnya tunggakan pajak. Menyikapi hal tersebut, Pemerintah mengesahkan Undang-undang Tax Amnesty Nomor 11 Tahun 2016 Tentang Pengampunan Pajak. Salah satu jenis pengampunan yang ditawarkan adalah memberikan penghapusan tindak pidana bagi Wajib Pajak (WP) yang melanggar undang-undang. Oleh sebab itu, hal ini menjadi menarik untuk diteliti karena dapat dianggap sebagai bentuk pengkhianatan terhadap rakyat miskin atau WP yang taat pajak. Masalah pokok dalam penelitian ini adalah apakah penghapusan sanksi pidana terkait pengampunan pajak (tax amnesty) sudah sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip pemidanaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menjelaskan penghapusan sanksi pidana telah sesuai atau tidak dengan prinsip-prinsip pemidanaan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif dengan tujuan mengkaji asas-asas dan kaidah-kaidah yang terdapat dalam ilmu hukum. Data yang digunakan terdiri dari bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder dan bahan hukum tersier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam hal penghapusan sanksi pidana dalam tax amnesty tidaklah sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip penghapusan pidana dalam konsep KUHP, yaitu alasan pembenar dan alasan pemaaf karena apabila harta tersebut berasal dari hasil korupsi, hal tersebut bukanlah merupakan perbuatan yang patut dan benar untuk dimaafkan. Disarankan kebijakan dalam pengampunan pajak (tax amnesty) sebaiknya tidak diberlakukan penghapusan pada unsur tindak pidana, apalagi dalam tindak pidana tersebut terdapat unsur yang merugikan negara.There are enough people who deliberately commit fraud and neglect their obligations in carrying out the payment of taxes that have been set so as to cause the arrears of taxes. In response, the Government passed the Tax Amnesty Act Number 11 Year 2016 About Tax Amnesty. One type of amnesty offered is to provide the abolition of a criminal offense for a Taxpayer (WP) that violates the law. Therefore, it is interesting to investigate because it can be considered as a form of betrayal of the poor or WP who are tax-conscious. The main problem in this research is whether the abolition of criminal sanctions related to tax amnesty is in line with the principles of punishment. This study aims to determine and explain the elimination of criminal sanctions are appropriate or not with the principles of punishment. This study is a normative juridical research with the aim of studying the principles and rules contained in the science of law. The data used consist of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. The results indicate that of the abolition of criminal sanctions in the tax amnesty is not in accordance with the principles of criminal abolition in the concept of the Criminal Code, namely the justification and reasons for forgiveness because if the property is derived from the corruption, it is not a proper and proper act to be forgiven. It is recommended that the tax amnesty should not be abolished on the element of criminal acts, morever in the criminal act there are elements that harm the state.

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