Use of numerical modeling to evaluate the impact of hydrodynamic pressure on hydrologic exchange fluxes and resident time for a large-scale river section over a long-term period

Quantifying hydrologic exchange fluxes (HEF) and subsurface water residence times (RT) are important for managing the water quality and ecosystem health in dynamic river corridor systems. Laboratory-scale experiments and models have shown that hydrodynamic pressure variations on the riverbed induced by dynamic river flows can strongly impact HEFs and RTs. In this study, the impacts of hydrodynamic pressure on HEFs and RT for a 30 km section of the Columbia River in Washington State over a three-year period were quantitatively evaluated using a coupled transient three-dimensional (3D) multi-phase surface and subsurface water flow transport approach. Based on comparisons between model simulations with and without considering hydrodynamic pressure, we found that hydrodynamic pressure increase the net HEFs by 7% of flowing into river from subsurface domain, and also leads to a reduction of the area with long RT, and increase of area with short RT.

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A Perspective On The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic in Basic Science Research and its Future implications

Coronaviruses ◽

10.2174/2666796701999201223161636 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 01 ◽

Author(s):

Yam Nath Paudel ◽

Efthalia Angelopoulou ◽

Bhupendra Raj Giri ◽

Christina Piperi ◽

Iekhsan Othman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Basic Science ◽

Large Scale ◽

Preventive Measure ◽

Science Research ◽

Research Institutes ◽

Basic Science Research ◽

Long Term Consequences ◽

Long Term Impact ◽

The Impact

: COVID-19 has emerged as a devastating pandemic of the century that the current generations have ever experienced. The COVID-19 pandemic has infected more than 12 million people around the globe and 0.5 million people have succumbed to death. Due to the lack of effective vaccines against the COVID-19, several nations throughout the globe has imposed a lock-down as a preventive measure to lower the spread of COVID-19 infection. As a result of lock-down most of the universities and research institutes has witnessed a long pause in basic science research ever. Much has been talked about the long-term impact of COVID-19 in economy, tourism, public health, small and large-scale business of several kind. However, the long-term implication of these research lab shutdown and its impact in the basic science research has not been much focused. Herein, we provide a perspective that portrays a common problem of all the basic science researchers throughout the globe and its long-term consequences.

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Anti-meningococcal B vaccination in Italian adolescents: a cost-effective health opportunity

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.586 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

D Panatto ◽

P Landa ◽

D Amicizia ◽

P L Lai ◽

E Lecini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Vaccination Strategy ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Dose Schedule ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Invasive Disease ◽

International Setting ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Invasive disease due to Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) is a serious public health problem even in developed countries, owing to its high lethality rate (8-15%) and the invalidating sequelae suffered by many (up to 60%) survivors. As the microorganism is transmitted via the airborne route, the only available weapon in the fight against Nm invasive disease is vaccination. Our aim was to carry out an HTA to evaluate the costs and benefits of anti-meningococcal B (MenB) vaccination with Trumenba® in adolescents in Italy, while also considering the impact of this new vaccination strategy on organizational and ethics aspects. Methods A lifetime Markov model was developed. MenB vaccination with the two-dose schedule of Trumenba® in adolescents was compared with 'non-vaccination'. Two perspectives were considered: the National Health Service (NHS) and society. Three disease phases were defined: acute, post-acute and long-term. Epidemiological, economic and health utilities data were taken from Italian and international literature. The analysis was conducted by means of Microsoft Excel 2010®. Results Our study indicated that vaccinating adolescents (11th year of life) with Trumenba® was cost-effective with an ICER = € 7,912/QALY from the NHS perspective and € 7,758/QALY from the perspective of society. Vaccinating adolescents reduces the number of cases of disease due to meningococcus B in one of the periods of highest incidence of the disease, resulting in significant economic and health savings. Conclusions This is the first study to evaluate the overall impact of free MenB vaccination in adolescents both in Italy and in the international setting. Although cases of invasive disease due to meningococcus B are few, if the overall impact of the disease is adequately considered, it becomes clear that including anti-meningococcal B vaccination into the immunization program for adolescents is strongly recommended from the health and economic standpoints. Key messages Free, large-scale MenB vaccination is key to strengthening the global fight against invasive meningococcal disease. Anti-meningococcal B vaccination in adolescents is a cost-effective health opportunity.

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Numerical Modelling of a District Scale Groundwater Heat Pump Operation: Case Study from Colchester, UK

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-603 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Taha Sezer ◽

Abubakar Kawuwa Sani ◽

Rao Martand Singh ◽

David P. Boon

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

District Level ◽

Thermal Plume ◽

Injection Wells ◽

Term Operation ◽

Heating And Cooling ◽

Groundwater Heat Pump ◽

The Impact

<p>Groundwater heat pumps (GWHP) are an environmentally friendly and highly efficient low carbon heating technology that can benefit from low-temperature groundwater sources lying in the shallow depths to provide heating and cooling to buildings. However, the utilisation of groundwater for heating and cooling, especially in large scale (district level), can create a thermal plume around injection wells. If a plume reaches the production well this may result in a decrease in the system performance or even failure in the long-term operation. This research aims to investigate the impact of GWHP usage in district-level heating by using a numerical approach and considering a GWHP system being constructed in Colchester, UK as a case study, which will be the largest GWHP system in the UK. Transient 3D simulations have been performed pre-construction to investigate the long-term effect of injecting water at 5&#176;C, into a chalk bedrock aquifer. Modelling suggests a thermal plume develops but does not reach the production wells after 10 years of operation. The model result can be attributed to the low hydraulic gradient, assumed lack of interconnecting fractures, and large (>500m) spacing between the production and injection wells. Model validation may be possible after a period operational monitoring.</p>

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Nonlinear Creep Model of Deep Gangue Backfilling Material and Time-Dependent Characteristics of Roof Deformation in Backfilling Mining

Geofluids ◽

10.1155/2020/8816871 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Peng Huang ◽

Jixiong Zhang ◽

Qi Zhang ◽

Ntigurirwa Jean Damascene ◽

Yuming Guo

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

High Stress ◽

Viscoelastic Model ◽

Creep Model ◽

Mine Pressure ◽

Nonlinear Creep ◽

Viscoelastic Foundation ◽

The Impact ◽

Roof Deformation

With the gradual increase in mining depth of coal resource exploitation, deep backfilling mining has effectively solved the impact of strong deep mine pressure and strong mining disturbances. However, after deep backfilling mining, the backfilling material is subjected to high stress for a long time, and its viscoelasticity has a significant impact on the roof control effect. This paper uses a large-scale bulk confinement test device to analyze the viscoelastic properties of gangue, establishes a high-precision fractional viscoelastic creep model, and identifies the gangue parameters. The established fractional viscoelastic model was used as the foundation model of the beam, and the roof model based on the fractional viscoelastic foundation was solved. The top deformation characteristics of elastic foundation and fractional foundation were compared and analyzed, and the time effect, viscoelastic effect, and order effect of the fractional order viscoelastic foundation beam were discussed. The results show that the viscosity of gangue increased under the action of deep high stress. As time increased, the roof deformation also increased. In order to more effectively control the long-term deformation of the roof, the viscosity coefficient of the backfilling material should be greater than 20 MPa. This research provides relevant guidance for the requirements of backfilling materials for deep backfilling mining and the prediction of long-term dynamic deformation of the roof in underground excavations.

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Replicative Senescence-Associated Gene Expression Changes In Human MSPCs Independent of Genomic Variations

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v116.21.4775.4775 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 116 (21) ◽

pp. 4775-4775

Author(s):

Katharina Schallmoser ◽

Christina Bartmann ◽

Eva Rohde ◽

Simone Bork ◽

Christian Guelly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Cell Culture ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Large Scale ◽

Replicative Senescence ◽

Genomic Stability ◽

The State ◽

Efficient Treatment ◽

The Impact

Abstract Abstract 4775 Background: Based on promising experimental studies with mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells (MSPCs) multiple clinical trials have been initiated. In previous studies we have observed genomic stability of MSPCs after efficient short-term expansion in a humanized GMP compliant system with pooled human platelet lysate (pHPL) replacing fetal bovine serum (FBS) as the cell culture supplement (Schallmoser K. and Strunk D., Journal of Visualized Experiments (32) DOI: 10.3791/1523, 2009). Notably, depending on culture protocols, an extensive propagation with highly variable cell culture duration may be necessary to yield enough MSPCs for therapy. The decline in proliferation rates of MSPCs in the course of the different long-term expansion procedures may indicate a propensity for replicative senescence which may hamper long term functionality in vivo. We have therefore initiated a molecular profiling of senescence-associated regulated genes to determine the state of senescence before MSPC transplantation. Methods: Human bone marrow-derived MSPCs were cultured following a highly efficient two-passage protocol (primary culture of unseparated bone marrow and subsequent large scale expansion; Schallmoser K. et al., Tissue Engineering 14:185-196, 2008) compared to conventional serial passaging in three different growth conditions with regularly more then four passages to obtain comparable final cell numbers. Culture media were either supplemented with FBS in different concentrations or pHPL. Gene expression changes were tested by microarray analysis and selected targets were reanalyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. The genomic stability of MSPCs after long-term culture was determined by array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). Results: Despite high proliferation rate large scale expanded MSPCs showed genomic stability in array CGH. Long-term MSPC growth induced similar gene expression changes in MSPCs irrespective of isolation and expansion conditions. In particular, genes involved in cell differentiation, apoptosis and cell death were up-regulated, whereas genes involved in mitosis and proliferation were down-regulated. Furthermore, overlapping senescence-associated gene expression changes were found in all MSPC preparations. The genomic copy number variations detected in MSPCs of early and late passages in all culture conditions did not coincide with differentially expressed genes. Conclusion: Our data indicate that MSPC expansion can induce gene expression changes independent of isolation and FBS-supplemented as well as FBS-free expansion conditions. A panel of genes will be presented that might offer a practicable approach to assess MSPC quality with regard to the state of replicative senescence in advance of therapeutic application. Determining the impact of senescence acquired during cell expansion on the therapeutic potential of MSCPs for both immune modulation and organ regeneration may help to develop more efficient treatment strategies. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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No. 601 April 1980 Summary of the Proceedings of the Seminar on the Impact of GATE on Large-Scale Numerical Modeling of the Atmosphere and Ocean2

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society ◽

10.1175/1520-0477-61.4.329 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 329-336

Keyword(s):

Numerical Modeling ◽

Large Scale ◽

The Impact

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The impact of equitization on financial and operating performance of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in Vietnam: An approach using propensity score matching

Science & Technology Development Journal - Economics - Law and Management ◽

10.32508/stdjelm.v4i2.631 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. First

Author(s):

Nguyen Van Tan

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Operating Performance ◽

Comparison Method ◽

Average Treatment Effect ◽

Operating Efficiency ◽

Investment Strategies ◽

Industry Group ◽

Using Data ◽

The Impact

This paper examines the impact of equitization on financial and operating performance of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in Vietnam. Previous related privatization theories have not explained whether there is an improvement in financial and operating performance of equitized SOEs compared to non-equitized SOEs or not. This study proposes to use with-without comparison method through the average treatment effect measuring the impact of equitization on financial and operating performance of SOEs. By using data of 114 SOEs equitized in the period from 2012 to 2014, the author finds that equitized SOEs can not improve profitability, operating efficiency, and output when considering non-equitized SOEs. There is also no evidence for a reduction in the number of employees of equitized SOEs after equitization. These findings are in contrast to previous studies in Vietnam, but there are similarities with the results of studies in China. This is because equitized SOEs in the early post-equitization period in Vietnam are still monitored by the Vietnamese government, as well as the equitized enterprises in the period 2012-2014 are mainly large-scale ones with slow change of operating objectives, monitoring mechanism and weak competitiveness after equitization. However, equitization can help equitized SOEs operate more efficiently than non–equitized SOEs when considering non-listing status or industry group. This research provides implications for the Vietnamese government to encourage non-equitized enterprises to participate in the equitization program actively. The research results also help investors to have appropriate long-term investment strategies in equitized SOEs. This paper also has some limitations for further research.

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Yet another lockdown? A large-scale study on people's unwillingness to be confined during the first 5 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain

10.1101/2021.05.08.21256792 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marina Martinez-Garcia ◽

Alejandro Rabasa ◽

Xavier Barber ◽

Kristina Polotskaya ◽

Kristof Roomp ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Psychological Impact ◽

Important Variable ◽

Decision Makers ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Time Period ◽

Economic Support ◽

Gender And Age ◽

The Impact

Population confinements have been one of the most widely adopted non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) implemented by governments across the globe to help contain the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. While confinement measures have been proven to be effective to reduce the number of infections, they entail significant economic and social costs. Thus, different policy makers and social groups have exhibited varying levels of acceptance of this type of measures. In this context, understanding the factors that determine the willingness of individuals to be confined during a pandemic is of paramount importance, particularly, to policy and decision-makers. In this paper, we study the factors that influence the unwillingness to be confined during the COVID-19 pandemic by means of a large-scale, online population survey deployed in Spain. We apply both quantitative (logistic regression) and qualitative (automatic pattern discovery) methods and consider socio-demographic, economic and psychological factors, together with the 14-day cumulative incidence per 100,000 inhabitants. Our analysis of 109,515 answers to the survey covers data spanning over a 5-month time period to shed light on the impact of the passage of time. We find evidence of pandemic fatigue as the percentage of those who report an unwillingness to be in confinement increases over time; we identify significant gender differences, with women being generally less likely than men to be able to sustain long-term confinement of at least 6 months; we uncover that the psychological impact was the most important factor to determine the willingness to be in confinement at the beginning of the pandemic, to be replaced by the economic impact as the most important variable towards the end of our period of study. Our results highlight the need to design gender and age specific public policies, to implement psychological and economic support programs and to address the evident pandemic fatigue as the success of potential future confinements will depend on the population's willingness to comply with them.

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