scholarly journals Methodological concern. (Mini-commentary on BJOG-20-0063.R1)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Lane
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Concern

scholarly journals Classic papers: using Google Scholar to detect the highly-cited documents

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Orduna-Malea ◽  
Alberto Martín-Martín ◽  
Emilio Delgado López-Cózar
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Bibliographic Data ◽  
Methodological Concern ◽  
Broad Subject ◽  
Classic Papers ◽  
Highly Cited

In June 2017 Google Scholar launched a new product called Classic Papers. This service currently displays the most cited English-language original research articles by fields and published in 2006. The main goal of this work is to describe the main characteristics and features of this Google Scholar’s new service, as well as to highlight its main strengths and weaknesses. To do this, a total of 2,515 records were extracted. Additionally, for each record, the following bibliographic data were gathered: broad subject category and subcategory, Title of the document, URL, Authors, Google Scholar Citation profiles’ URL, and Citations received. It is finally concluded that, although the product is easy to use and provides original data about highly cited documents at the level of disciplines, it still suffers of some methodological concerns, mainly related to the subject classification of documents and the use of homogenous visualization threshold regardless the discipline, that jeopardizes the utility of this product for bibliometric purposes. In addition to this, the lack of transparency constitutes a methodological concern, since Google Scholar does not to declare in detail how the product has been developed.

scholarly journals Clearing of the Ground - Ambedkar's Method of Reading

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-188
Author(s):  
Ankit Kawade
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
The Law ◽  
Methodological Concern

This essay attempts to study and explicate the method of reading as operative in Ambedkar’s writings. The essay is organized around five thematic sections, each aimed at discussing a methodological concern guiding Ambedkar’s investigations. His engagements with the religious texts of Hinduism in general and the Manusmriti (The Laws of Manu or The Law Code of Manu) in particular have been used here to explicate the substance and implications of what has been described by Aishwary Kumar as Ambedkar’s ‘politics of reading’, a highly suggestive phrase that points towards the political as well as epistemic stakes of Ambedkar’s acts of reading.

scholarly journals The complexities of ‘otherness’: reflections on embodiment of a young White British woman engaged in cross-generation research involving older people in Indonesia

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 986-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
MERIEL NORRIS
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Specific Interactions ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Mixed Area ◽  
Embodied Experiences ◽  
Active Nature ◽  
Methodological Concern

ABSTRACTIf interviews are to be considered embodied experiences, than the potential influence of the embodied researcher must be explored. A focus on specific attributes such as age or ethnicity belies the complex and negotiated space that both researcher and participant inhabit simultaneously. Drawing on empirical research with stroke survivors in an ethnically mixed area of Indonesia, this paper highlights the importance of considering embodiment as a specific methodological concern. Three specific interactions are described and analysed, illustrating the active nature of the embodied researcher in narrative production and development. The intersectionality of embodied features is evident, alongside their fluctuating influence in time and place. These interactions draw attention to the need to consider the researcher within the interview process and the subsequent analysis and presentation of narrative findings. The paper concludes with a reinforcement of the importance of ongoing and meaningful reflexivity in research, a need to consider the researcher as the other participant, and specifically a call to engage with and present the dynamic nature of embodiment.

Unit of Analysis in Digitally-Enabled Electronic Procurement Research

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-103
Author(s):  
Md Mahbubur Rahim ◽  
Maryam Jabberzadeh ◽  
Nergiz Ilhan
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
Electronic Procurement ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Methodological Concern

E-procurement systems that have been in place for over a decade have begun incorporating digital tools like big data, cloud computing, internet of things, and data mining. Hence, there exists a rich literature on earlier e-procurement systems and advanced digitally-enabled e-procurement systems. Existing literature on these systems addresses many research issues (e.g., adoption) associated with e-procurement. However, one critical issue that has so far received no rigorous attention is about “unit of analysis,” a methodological concern of importance, for e-procurement research context. Hence, the aim of this chapter is twofold: 1) to discuss how the notion of “unit of analysis” has been conceptualised in the e-procurement literature and 2) to discuss how its use has been justified by e-procurement scholars to address the research issues under investigation. Finally, the chapter provides several interesting findings and outlines future research directions.

Newton’s Optical Experiments and Theories

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan E. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
White Light ◽  
Chromatic Dispersion ◽  
Thin Plates ◽  
Thick Plates ◽  
Optical Phenomena ◽  
Methodological Concern

This chapter describes Newton’s experimental and theoretical optical investigations. The discussions include his theory of color and the compound nature of white light; his interchanges with the critics of that theory; his methodological concern with certainty and hypotheses; his efforts to explain optical phenomena using a projectile or corpuscular theory of light; his quest to explain refraction and chromatic dispersion; his investigation of the colors of thin plates or the interference of light; his theory of the colors of natural bodies; his work on the colors of thick plates and the theory of fits; and his composition of the Opticks and investigation of diffraction.

Ideal and Nonideal Theory in Political Philosophy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Thompson
Keyword(s):  
John Rawls ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Comparative Judgment ◽  
Ideal Theory ◽  
Nonideal Theory ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
The Status ◽  
Just Society ◽  
Methodological Concern ◽  
The Many

The distinction between ideal and nonideal theory is an important methodological concern in contemporary political theory. At issue is the extent to which political theorizing is a practical endeavor and, consequently, the extent to which real-world facts should either be factored into political theorizing or else be assumed away. The distinction between ideal theory and nonideal theory was first introduced by John Rawls in his classic A Theory of Justice. Rawls’s ideal theory is an account of the society we should aim for, given certain facts about human nature and possible social institutions, and involves two central assumptions. First, it assumes full compliance of relevant agents with the demands of justice. Second, it assumes that historical and natural conditions of society are reasonably favorable. These two assumptions are individually necessary and jointly sufficient for his ideal theory. For Rawls, nonideal theory primarily addresses the question of how the ideal might be achieved in practical, permissible steps, from the actual, partially just society we occupy. The account of ideal and nonideal theory advanced by Rawls has been subject to criticism from different directions. Amartya Sen accepts Rawls’s distinction between ideal and nonideal theory but argues that Rawlsian-style nonideal theory is too ideal. Given the many and severe injustices we face we do not need to know what ideal (or “transcendental”) justice looks like; our focus should not be on how to transition toward this ideal. Instead, the advancement of justice requires a comparative judgment which ranks possible policies in terms of being more or less just than the status quo. G. A. Cohen, by contrast, argues that Rawlsian-style ideal theory is not really ideal theory as such, but instead principles for regulating society. Our beliefs about normative principles should, ultimately, be insensitive to matters of empirical fact; genuine ideal theory is a form of moral epistemology (an exercise of identifying normative truths).

scholarly journals A systematic review exploring the evidence reported to underpin exercise dose in clinical trials of rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 3147-3157
Author(s):  
Graham Boniface ◽  
Varsha Gandhi ◽  
Meriel Norris ◽  
Esther Williamson ◽  
Shona Kirtley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Strengthening Exercise ◽  
Exercise Dose ◽  
Methodological Concern ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Abstract We aimed to evaluate the evidence reported to underpin exercise dose in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) using strengthening exercise in RA. We searched six different databases between 1 January 2000 and 3 April 2019. We included RCTs, where a main component of the intervention and/or control used strengthening exercise. Evidence sources cited to underpin dose were judged for their quality, consistency and applicability. Thirty-two RCTs were reviewed. Four (12.5%) piloted the intervention without using dose-escalation designs to determine optimal dose-response. Twenty (62.5%) reported no evidence underpinning dose. Where reported, quality, consistency and applicability of the underpinning evidence was a cause for methodological concern. The majority of RCTs did not report the evidence underpinning dose. When reported, the evidence was often not applicable to the clinical population. Frequently, the dose used differed to the dose reported/recommended by the underpinning evidence. Our findings illustrate exercise dose may not be optimised for use with clinical populations prior to evaluation by RCT.

Remittances and Labour Supply Revisited: New Evidence from the Macedonian Behavioural Tax and Benefit Microsimulation Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-234
Author(s):  
Marjan Petreski
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Microsimulation Model ◽  
Market Activity ◽  
Market Responses ◽  
Methodological Concern ◽  
Labour Market Activity ◽  
New Evidence

The objective of the paper is to revisit the role of remittances for labour-supply responses. Previous studies documented conflicting results, while the key methodological concern – remittances’ endogeneity about labour supply – has not been resolved convincingly. We construct behavioural tax and benefit microsimulation model and simulate labour-market responses of singles and couples had remittances not existed in their households. This is a novel methodological approach avoiding the usual trap of utilisation of inappropriate instruments to remittances. Our results suggest that remittances are prevalently associated with lower labour-market activity, especially for women. However, the labour-supply response is found quite feeble and only in single families. Hence, while previous findings are not entirely rebutted, they may have been overstated and are highly dependent on the construct of the receiving household.

Counting Witches: Illuminating and Distorting the Shape of Witchcraft Accusations in Scotland

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Data Gathering ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
Considerable Effort ◽  
Methodological Concern ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Witch Hunt ◽  
Gathering Data

Scottish historians have invested considerable effort in gathering data on and counting the number of accused witches in Scotland in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The benefits of the four projects dedicated to this data-gathering that are analysed in this article are clear, but the act of counting has also changed our perception of the Scottish witch-hunt. In order to count witches, we have to have a clear definition of who is (and is not) a witch. This article explores the change in definition across these projects, notably the distinction between a witch and a charmer. Graphing witchcraft accusations gives the impression that all accusations are related. Counting may make us overconfident in the quality of the data when what is striking is how little information we have in most instances. The methodological concern of using the information we do have and interpreting the entire witch-hunt on that basis is noted.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Treatment of Animals Infected with Borrelia burgdorferi

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary P. Wormser ◽  
Ira Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Chronic Lyme Disease ◽  
Methodological Concern ◽  
Uncertain Etiology

SUMMARY Despite resolution of the objective manifestations of Lyme disease after antibiotic treatment, a minority of patients have fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, and/or difficulties with concentration or short-term memory of uncertain etiology; these are called post-Lyme disease symptoms or, in more severe cases, post-Lyme disease syndrome or “chronic Lyme disease.” Several recent studies in which Borrelia burgdorferi-infected animals were treated with antibiotic therapy have demonstrated the presence of PCR positivity for B. burgdorferi DNA in the absence of culture positivity. In mice that were treated with antibiotic therapy, residual spirochetes could be taken up by ticks during a blood meal and could be transmitted to SCID mice. These spirochetes are attenuated; their presence is not associated with either inflammation or disease. In this review the methodology and findings of these studies are critically analyzed, and the significance of the results with regard to human Lyme disease is evaluated, with special emphasis on whether these studies provide useful insights into post-Lyme disease syndrome. A serious methodological concern is the failure to consider the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic properties of the antibiotic in choosing the dosage regimen used. We conclude that there is no scientific evidence to support the hypothesis that such spirochetes, should they exist in humans, are the cause of post-Lyme disease syndrome.

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