scholarly journals Tissue-specific transcriptional patterns underlie seasonal phenotypes in honey bees (Apis mellifera)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Bresnahan ◽  
Mehmet Döke ◽  
Tugrul Giray ◽  
Christina Grozinger
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Flight Muscle ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Transcriptional Profiles ◽  
Specific Regulation

Faced with adverse conditions, such as winter in temperate regions or hot and dry conditions in tropical regions, many insect species enter a state of diapause, a period of dormancy associated with a reduction or arrest of physical activity, development, and reproduction. Changes in common physiological pathways underlie diapause phenotypes in different insect species. However, most transcriptomic studies of diapause have not simultaneously evaluated and compared expression patterns in different tissues. Honey bees (Apis mellifera) represent a unique model system to study the mechanisms underpinning diapause. In winter, honey bees exhibit a classic diapause phenotype, with reduced metabolic activity, increased physiological nutritional resources, and altered hormonal profiles. However, winter bees actively heat their colony by vibrating their wing muscles; thus, this tissue is not quiescent. Here, we evaluated the transcriptional profiles of flight muscle tissue and fat body tissue (involved in nutrient storage, metabolism and immune function) of winter bees. We also evaluated two behavioral phenotypes of summer bees: nurses, which exhibit high nutritional stores and low flight activity, and foragers, which exhibit low nutritional stores and high flight activity. We found winter bees and nurses have similar fat body transcriptional profiles compared to foragers, whereas winter bees and foragers have similar flight muscle transcriptional profiles compared to nurses. Additionally, differentially expressed genes were enriched in diapause-related GO terms. Thus, honey bees exhibit tissue-specific transcriptional profiles associated with diapause, laying the groundwork for future studies evaluating the mechanisms, evolution, and consequences of this tissue-specific regulation.

scholarly journals Tissue-specific transcriptional patterns underlie seasonal phenotypes in honey bees (Apis mellifera)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Bresnahan ◽  
Mehmet Döke ◽  
Tugrul Giray ◽  
Christina Grozinger
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Flight Muscle ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Transcriptional Profiles ◽  
Specific Regulation

Faced with adverse conditions, such as winter in temperate regions or hot and dry conditions in tropical regions, many insect species enter a state of diapause, a period of dormancy associated with a reduction or arrest of physical activity, development, and reproduction. Changes in common physiological pathways underlie diapause phenotypes in different insect species. However, most transcriptomic studies of diapause have not simultaneously evaluated and compared expression patterns in different tissues. Honey bees (Apis mellifera) represent a unique model system to study the mechanisms underpinning diapause. In winter, honey bees exhibit a classic diapause phenotype, with reduced metabolic activity, increased physiological nutritional resources, and altered hormonal profiles. However, winter bees actively heat their colony by vibrating their wing muscles; thus, this tissue is not quiescent. Here, we evaluated the transcriptional profiles of flight muscle tissue and fat body tissue (involved in nutrient storage, metabolism and immune function) of winter bees. We also evaluated two behavioral phenotypes of summer bees: nurses, which exhibit high nutritional stores and low flight activity, and foragers, which exhibit low nutritional stores and high flight activity. We found winter bees and nurses have similar fat body transcriptional profiles compared to foragers, whereas winter bees and foragers have similar flight muscle transcriptional profiles compared to nurses. Additionally, differentially expressed genes were enriched in diapause-related GO terms. Thus, honey bees exhibit tissue-specific transcriptional profiles associated with diapause, laying the groundwork for future studies evaluating the mechanisms, evolution, and consequences of this tissue-specific regulation.

scholarly journals Effect of yeast and essential oil-enriched diets on critical determinants of health and immune function in Africanized Apis mellifera

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12164
Author(s):  
César Canché-Collí ◽  
Humberto Estrella-Maldonado ◽  
Luis A. Medina-Medina ◽  
Humberto Moo-Valle ◽  
Luz Maria Calvo-Irabien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Starmerella Bombicola ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Brewers Yeast

Nutrition is vital for health and immune function in honey bees (Apis mellifera). The effect of diets enriched with bee-associated yeasts and essential oils of Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens) was tested on survival, food intake, accumulated fat body tissue, and gene expression of vitellogenin (Vg), prophenoloxidase (proPO) and glucose oxidase (GOx) in newly emerged worker bees. The enriched diets were provided to bees under the premise that supplementation with yeasts or essential oils can enhance health variables and the expression of genes related to immune function in worker bees. Based on a standard pollen substitute, used as a control diet, enriched diets were formulated, five with added bee-associated yeasts (Starmerella bombicola, Starmerella etchellsii, Starmerella bombicola 2, Zygosaccharomyces mellis, and the brewers’ yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and three with added essential oils from L. graveolens (carvacrol, thymol, and sesquiterpenes). Groups of bees were fed one of the diets for 9 or 12 days. Survival probability was similar in the yeast and essential oils treatments in relation to the control, but median survival was lower in the carvacrol and sesquiterpenes treatments. Food intake was higher in all the yeast treatments than in the control. Fat body percentage in individual bees was slightly lower in all treatments than in the control, with significant decreases in the thymol and carvacrol treatments. Expression of the genes Vg, proPO, and GOx was minimally affected by the yeast treatments but was adversely affected by the carvacrol and thymol treatments.

scholarly journals Tissue-Specific Knockdown of Genes of the Argonaute Family Modulates Lifespan and Radioresistance in Drosophila Melanogaster

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina N. Proshkina ◽  
Elena Yushkova ◽  
Liubov Koval ◽  
Nadezhda Zemskaya ◽  
Evgeniya Shchegoleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Argonaute Family ◽  
Transposon Activity

Small RNAs are essential for the coordination of many cellular processes, including the regulation of gene expression patterns, the prevention of genomic instability, and the suppression of mutagenic transposon activity. These processes determine aging, longevity, and sensitivity of cells and an organism to stress factors (particularly, ionizing radiation). The biogenesis and activity of small RNAs are provided by proteins of the Argonaute family. These proteins participate in the processing of small RNA precursors and the formation of an RNA-induced silencing complex. However, the role of Argonaute proteins in the regulation of lifespan and radioresistance remains poorly explored. We studied the effect of knockdown of Argonaute genes (AGO1, AGO2, AGO3, piwi) in various tissues on the Drosophila melanogaster lifespan and survival after the γ-irradiation at a dose of 700 Gy. In most cases, these parameters were reduced or did not change significantly in flies with tissue-specific RNA interference. Surprisingly, piwi knockdown in both the fat body and the nervous system caused a lifespan increase. But changes in radioresistance depended on the tissue in which the gene was knocked out. In addition, analysis of changes in retrotransposon levels and expression of stress response genes allowed us to determine associated molecular mechanisms.

scholarly journals Tissue-specific modulation of gene expression in response to lowered insulin signalling in Drosophila

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Stephen Tain ◽  
Robert Sehlke ◽  
Ralf Leslie Meilenbrock ◽  
Thomas Leech ◽  
Jonathan Paulitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Insulin Signalling ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Proteomic Profiling ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Specific Regulation

Reduced activity of the insulin/IGF signalling network increases health during ageing in multiple species. Diverse and tissue-specific mechanisms drive the health improvement. Here, we performed tissue-specific transcriptional and proteomic profiling of long-lived Drosophila dilp2-3,5 mutants, and identified tissue-specific regulation of >3600 transcripts and >3700 proteins. Most expression changes were regulated post-transcriptionally in the fat body, and only in mutants infected with the endosymbiotic bacteria, Wolbachia pipientis, which increases their lifespan. Bioinformatic analysis identified reduced co-translational ER targeting of secreted and membrane-associated proteins and increased DNA damage/repair response proteins. Accordingly, age-related DNA damage and genome instability were lower in fat body of the mutant, and overexpression of a minichromosome maintenance protein subunit extended lifespan. Proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism showed altered expression in the mutant intestine, and gut-specific overexpression of a lysosomal mannosidase increased autophagy, gut homeostasis, and lifespan. These processes are candidates for combatting ageing-related decline in other organisms.

scholarly journals The effects of adult small hive beetles, Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), on nests and flight activity of Cape and European honey bees (Apis mellifera)

Apidologie ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Ellis ◽  
Randall Hepburn ◽  
Keith S. Delaplane ◽  
Peter Neumann ◽  
Patti J. Elzen
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Aethina Tumida ◽  
Small Hive Beetles

scholarly journals Co-expression networks reveal the tissue-specific regulation of transcription and splicing

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashis Saha ◽  
Yungil Kim ◽  
Ariel D. H. Gewirtz ◽  
Brian Jo ◽  
Chuan Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Regulation Of Transcription ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Human Transcriptome ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Specific Regulation

AbstractGene co-expression networks capture biologically important patterns in gene expression data, enabling functional analyses of genes, discovery of biomarkers, and interpretation of regulatory genetic variants. Most network analyses to date have been limited to assessing correlation between total gene expression levels in a single or small sets of tissues. Here, we have reconstructed networks that capture a much more complete set of regulatory relationships, specifically including regulation of relative isoform abundance and splicing, and tissue-specific connections unique to each of a diverse set of tissues. Using the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project v6 RNA-sequencing data across 44 tissues in 449 individuals, we evaluated shared and tissue-specific network relationships. First, we developed a framework called Transcriptome Wide Networks (TWNs) for combining total expression and relative isoform levels into a single sparse network, capturing the complex interplay between the regulation of splicing and transcription. We built TWNs for sixteen tissues, and found that hubs with isoform node neighbors in these networks were strongly enriched for splicing and RNA binding genes, demonstrating their utility in unraveling regulation of splicing in the human transcriptome, and providing a set of candidate shared and tissue-specific regulatory hub genes. Next, we used a Bayesian biclustering model that identifies network edges between genes with co-expression in a single tissue to reconstruct tissue-specific networks (TSNs) for 27 distinct GTEx tissues and for four subsets of related tissues. Using both TWNs and TSNs, we characterized gene co-expression patterns shared across tissues. Finally, we found genetic variants associated with multiple neighboring nodes in our networks, supporting the estimated network structures and identifying 33 genetic variants with distant regulatory impact on transcription and splicing. Our networks provide an improved understanding of the complex relationships between genes in the human transcriptome, including tissue-specificity of gene co-expression, regulation of splicing, and the coordinated impact of genetic variation on transcription.

scholarly journals Effect of Propolis Oral Intake on Physiological Condition of Young Worker Honey Bees, Apis Mellifera L.

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Damiani ◽  
Martín P. Porrini ◽  
Juan P. Lancia ◽  
Estefanía Álvarez ◽  
Paula M. Garrido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Hypopharyngeal Glands ◽  
Fat Bodies

Abstract Honey bees collect resin from various plant species and transform it into propolis that is incorporated into the nest. The role of resins in the bee health field is poorly understood. The aim was to evaluate the effects of forced consumption of propolis on the physiological condition and short-term survival of Apis mellifera worker bees. It was tested if the number of circulating hemocytes in hemolymph, the abdominal fat bodies and the hypopharyngeal glands development were affected by the feeding with propolis extracts in laboratory conditions during the warm and the cold seasons. Propolis added to sugar candy was consumed by workers for fourteen days without affecting the bee survival. The number of circulating hemocytes in hemolymph remained constant despite the differential diet during the experiment. However, the development of fat bodies and hypopharyngeal glands was altered by propolis ingestion. The abdominal fat body development in winter bees diminished after fourteen days of propolis consumption, while it increased in summer bees. The hypopharyngeal gland development decreased for the assayed period in workers from both seasons. Our results encourage us to continue exploring this research field and learn how long-term forced ingestion of a plant-derived compound, a non-nutritive substance, can modify physiological bee parameters. A broader understanding of the multiple roles of propolis in the health of the honey bee colonies could be obtained by studying the ways in which it is processed and metabolized and the effect that generates in another physiological responses.

Virus-like particles in the fat body tissue of adult queen honey bees (Apis mellifera)

1985 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Nunamaker ◽  
C.E. Nunamaker ◽  
W.T. Wilson ◽  
B.R. Francis
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Body Tissue ◽  
Virus Like Particles

scholarly journals Tissue-Specific Knockdown of Genes of the Argonaute Family Modulates Lifespan and Radioresistance in Drosophila melanogaster

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2396
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Proshkina ◽  
Elena Yushkova ◽  
Liubov Koval ◽  
Nadezhda Zemskaya ◽  
Evgeniya Shchegoleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Argonaute Family

Small RNAs are essential to coordinate many cellular processes, including the regulation of gene expression patterns, the prevention of genomic instability, and the suppression of the mutagenic transposon activity. These processes determine the aging, longevity, and sensitivity of cells and an organism to stress factors (particularly, ionizing radiation). The biogenesis and activity of small RNAs are provided by proteins of the Argonaute family. These proteins participate in the processing of small RNA precursors and the formation of an RNA-induced silencing complex. However, the role of Argonaute proteins in regulating lifespan and radioresistance remains poorly explored. We studied the effect of knockdown of Argonaute genes (AGO1, AGO2, AGO3, piwi) in various tissues on the Drosophila melanogaster lifespan and survival after the γ-irradiation at a dose of 700 Gy. In most cases, these parameters are reduced or did not change significantly in flies with tissue-specific RNA interference. Surprisingly, piwi knockdown in both the fat body and the nervous system causes a lifespan increase. But changes in radioresistance depend on the tissue in which the gene was knocked out. In addition, analysis of changes in retrotransposon levels and expression of stress response genes allow us to determine associated molecular mechanisms.

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