scholarly journals Letter to editor: Evaluation of the relationship between TREM- 1/TREM- 2 ratio and clinical course in COVID- 19 pneumonia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
zhihong wang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Myeloid Cells ◽  
Cytoplasmic Tail ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Kidney Functions ◽  
The Relationship

Dear editor, we read with great interest the well written article by Dr Kerget et al with the main objective of investigating the role of TREM-1/TREM-2 ratio on patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The article pointed that TREM-1 and TREM-2 have important role in inflammation and TREM-1/TREM-2 ratio was higher in severe COVID-19 patients compared with moderate COVID-19 patients. We have certain comments to understand the conclusions of this article. Firstly, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) is mainly express on neutrophils and monocytes in a cell membrane-bound form. A soluble form of TREM-1(sTREM-1), which lacks the cytoplasmic tail and transmembrane part, were detected in the blood in recent studies. Since you have mentioned “serum TREM-1”, we were confused whether you detected TREM-1 or sTREM-1. Secondly, we wanted to know more about the treatment and the kidney functions of the patients. Thirdly, We are curious to see if high TREM-1/TREM-2 ratio could predict the distribution of ILD. We would be glad to hear the opinion of the author on the points, to get a more convincing conclusion.

scholarly journals Role of glycosylation in transport and enzymic activity of neutral endopeptidase-24.11

1994 ◽  
Vol 302 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
M H Lafrance ◽  
C Vézina ◽  
Q Wang ◽  
G Boileau ◽  
P Crine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Intracellular Transport ◽  
Neutral Endopeptidase ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Cell Extracts ◽  
Glycosylation Sites ◽  
Sugar Addition ◽  
Membrane Bound

Neutral endopeptidase (NEP, EC 3.4.24.11) is a major ectoenzyme of the brush-border membrane. The ectodomain of NEP contains five putative N-glycosylation sites. In order to determine the role of the addition of sugar moieties on the activity and intracellular transport of NEP, we have used site-directed mutagenesis to remove all or some of the five potential sites of sugar addition in membrane-bound and secreted forms of the enzyme. Expression of NEP glycosylation mutants in COS-1 cells showed that all five sites are used for sugar addition. Immunoblotting of NEP in COS-1 cell extracts or culture media indicated that total expression of normal membrane-bound NEP was not affected by mutations at glycosylation sites, whereas this expression level appeared to be strictly dependent on the number of glycosylation sites retained on the soluble form. The transport to the cell surface was also reduced by decreased glycosylation, but again the phenomenon appeared more drastic in the case of the soluble form than for the membrane-bound enzyme. Enzyme activity was decreased by deglycosylation. However, the presence of either of two crucial sites (sites 1 and 5; numbered from the N-terminus of the protein) was sufficient to recover close-to-normal enzymic activities. Transport to the cell surface and enzyme activity of NEP are thus both dependent on sugar residues, probably through different conformational constraints. These constraints seem to be local for enzyme activity but more global for transport to the cell surface.

scholarly journals Bcl2 inhibits apoptosis associated with terminal differentiation of HL- 60 myeloid leukemia cells

Blood ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 83 (8) ◽  
pp. 2261-2267 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Naumovski ◽  
ML Cleary
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Myeloid Cells ◽  
Terminal Differentiation ◽  
Retroviral Gene Transfer ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
All Trans Retinoic Acid ◽  
Bcl2 Protein ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The Bcl2 protein inhibits apoptosis (programmed cell death) induced by a variety of noxious stimuli. However, relatively little is known about its effect on apoptosis that occurs after terminal differentiation. Bcl2 protein levels decrease during differentiation of myeloid cells into granulocytes that subsequently undergo apoptosis, but the potential role of Bcl2 in coupling survival and differentiation remains undefined. To ascertain the relationship between decreasing Bcl2 levels and the onset of apoptosis in differentiating myeloid cells, Bcl2 was hyperexpressed in the HL-60 cell line after retroviral gene transfer. After treatment of HL-60/BCL2 cells with all-trans retinoic acid or phorbol myristic acid, Bcl2 levels did not decrease as in normal HL-60 cells but, rather, increased because of activation of the viral promoter. Differentiation of the Bcl2-overexpressing cells was similar to that of normal HL-60 cells, but they showed little evidence for apoptosis and had a prolonged survival. These studies show that the survival-enhancing properties of Bcl2 counteract programmed cell death that accompanies terminal differentiation; however, Bcl2 has no significant effect on differentiation itself, suggesting that apoptosis and differentiation are regulated independently in myeloid cells.

The Proinflammatory Cytokine Interleukin-12 Occurs as a Cell Membrane-Bound Form on Macrophages

1996 ◽  
Vol 225 (3) ◽  
pp. 1063-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohong Fan ◽  
Vladimir Sibalic ◽  
Eva Niederer ◽  
Rudolf P. Wüthrich
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Interleukin 12 ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Membrane Bound

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF ASSESSMENT AND CORRECTION OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO COVID-19 PATIENT WITH METABOLIC DISORDERS: Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-156
Author(s):  
S.V. Ivanchenko ◽  
O.M. Kovalyova ◽  
A.B. Andrusha
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Inpatient Treatment ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
The Body ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
The Relationship

The article is devoted to the problem of coronavirus disease COVID-19 with emphasis on the nutritional status of patients. An analytical review of recent publications related to aspects of nutritional support for people in outpatient and inpatient treatment for COVID-19 is presented. The article highlights the pathogenetic justification of the relationship between the immune response and metabolic balance of the body, the optimal content of trace elements, vitamins, components of lipid metabolism. The importance of nutrition as a strategy to support human immune function is considered. Methods for determining the adequate energy balance of patients with severe COVID-19 are presented. Groups of foods and key nutrients that may affect the consequences and clinical course of respiratory infections are described. The importance of assessing and optimizing nutritional status to improve the clinical course and consequences of COVID-19 in patients with comorbid pre-existing non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity with systemic inflammation, is emphasized.

scholarly journals Soluble and cell-bound forms of steel factor activity play distinct roles in melanocyte precursor dispersal and survival on the lateral neural crest migration pathway

Development ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 731-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Wehrle-Haller ◽  
J.A. Weston
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Crest Cell ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Steel Factor ◽  
Migration Pathway ◽  
Staging Area ◽  
Trunk Neural Crest ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Neural Crest Migration

Trunk neural crest cells segregate from the neuroepithelium and enter a ‘migration staging area’ lateral to the embryonic neural tube. After some crest cells in the migration staging area have begun to migrate on a medial pathway, a subpopulation of crest-derived cells remaining in the migration staging area expresses mRNAs for the receptor tyrosine kinase, c-kit, and tyrosinase-related protein-2, both of which are characteristic of melanocyte precursors. These putative melanocyte precursors are subsequently observed on the lateral crest migration pathway between the dermatome and overlying epithelium, and then dispersed in nascent dermal mesenchyme. Melanocyte precursors transiently require the c-kit ligand, Steel factor for survival. Although Steel factor mRNA is transiently expressed in the dorsal dermatome before the onset of trunk neural crest cell dispersal on the lateral pathway, it is no longer produced by dermatomal cells when melanocyte precursors have dispersed in the dermal mesenchyme. To assess the role of Steel factor in migration of melanocyte precursors on the lateral pathway, we analyzed melanocyte precursor dispersal and fate on the lateral pathway of two different Sl mutants, Sl, a null allele, and Sld, which lacks cell surface-associated Steel factor but produces a soluble form. No melanocyte precursors were detected in the dermatome of embryos homozygous for the Sl allele or in W mutants that lack functional c-kit. In contrast, in embryos homozygous for the Sld allele, melanocyte precursors appeared on the lateral pathway, but subsequently disappear from the dermis. These results suggest that soluble Steel factor is required for melanocyte precursor dispersal on the lateral pathway, or for their initial survival in the migration staging area. In contrast, membrane-bound Steel factor appears to promote melanocyte precursor survival in the dermis.

The role of vascular smooth muscle cell membrane-bound thrombomodulin in neointima formation

2019 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
pp. 54-63
Author(s):  
Kuan-Chieh Wang ◽  
Po-Sheng Chen ◽  
Ting-Hsing Chao ◽  
Chawn-Yau Luo ◽  
Hsing-Chun Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cell ◽  
Muscle Cell ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell ◽  
Neointima Formation ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Muscle Cell Membrane

Computational investigation for endocytosis of CoVID-19 virus SARS-CoV-2 in cell membrane

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440622110299
Author(s):  
Soumya Mukherjee ◽  
Paritosh Mahata
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Virus Particle ◽  
Coupling Model ◽  
Lipid Exchange ◽  
Peripheral Proteins ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Anisotropic Elastic ◽  
Anisotropic Elastic Material ◽  
Infinite Reservoir

CoVID-19 virus SARS-CoV-2 follows the endocytosis process to enter inside a cell to infect it. It is important to study the endocytosis of SARS-CoV-2 in cell membrane to prevent the pandemic of CoVID-19. In this paper we develop a finite element based computational model for endocytosis of SARS-CoV-2 in cell membrane and determine curvature generation on it during the process. The virus SARS-CoV-2 is modeled as a rigid spherical particle and cell membrane as an anisotropic elastic material, while its fluidic nature due to lipid exchange with infinite reservoir is preserved using suitable conditions. With the help of a contact pair created between the virus particle and cell membrane, endocytosis process is computationally studied and the curvature of membrane is evaluated as the time progresses during the endocytosis process. At the tip of the virus particle and half-radius distance from it, the membrane follows the curvature of virus very quickly. However, it takes more time for the membrane point located at a distance equal to the radius of the virus particle. This is compensated by the cytoplasmic peripheral proteins binding onto the inside surface of the cell membrane. The role of cytoplasmic peripheral BAR proteins is investigated by using a linear curvature-coupling model with protein concentrations. It is observed that F-BAR protein is more sensitive to the curvature of virus particle in comparison to the other BAR proteins. The sensitiveness deteriorates as the curvature is increased.

scholarly journals Glioma-initiating cells at tumor edge gain signals from tumor core cells to promote their malignancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soniya Bastola ◽  
Marat S. Pavlyukov ◽  
Daisuke Yamashita ◽  
Sadashib Ghosh ◽  
Heejin Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Intercellular Signaling ◽  
Unresectable Tumor ◽  
Glioma Initiating Cells ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Tumor Edge ◽  
Spatial Identity

Abstract Intratumor spatial heterogeneity facilitates therapeutic resistance in glioblastoma (GBM). Nonetheless, understanding of GBM heterogeneity is largely limited to the surgically resectable tumor core lesion while the seeds for recurrence reside in the unresectable tumor edge. In this study, stratification of GBM to core and edge demonstrates clinically relevant surgical sequelae. We establish regionally derived models of GBM edge and core that retain their spatial identity in a cell autonomous manner. Upon xenotransplantation, edge-derived cells show a higher capacity for infiltrative growth, while core cells demonstrate core lesions with greater therapy resistance. Investigation of intercellular signaling between these two tumor populations uncovers the paracrine crosstalk from tumor core that promotes malignancy and therapy resistance of edge cells. These phenotypic alterations are initiated by HDAC1 in GBM core cells which subsequently affect edge cells by secreting the soluble form of CD109 protein. Our data reveal the role of intracellular communication between regionally different populations of GBM cells in tumor recurrence.

scholarly journals Biochemical and Genetic Characterization of the Enterococcus faecalis Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase Complex

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. 2882-2890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo D. Repizo ◽  
Víctor S. Blancato ◽  
Pablo Mortera ◽  
Juke S. Lolkema ◽  
Christian Magni
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Membrane Pump ◽  
B Subunit ◽  
Single Deletion ◽  
Membrane Bound

ABSTRACTEnterococcus faecalisencodes a biotin-dependent oxaloacetate decarboxylase (OAD), which is constituted by four subunits:E. faecaliscarboxyltransferase subunit OadA (termedEf-A), membrane pumpEf-B, biotin acceptor proteinEf-D, and the novel subunitEf-H. Our results show that inE. faecalis, subunitsEf-A,Ef-D, andEf-H form a cytoplasmic soluble complex (termedEf-AHD) which is also associated with the membrane. In order to characterize the role of the novelEf-H subunit, coexpression ofoadgenes was performed inEscherichia coli, showing that this subunit is vital forEf-A andEf-D interaction. Diminished growth of theoadAandoadDsingle deletion mutants in citrate-supplemented medium indicated that the activity of the complex is essential for citrate utilization. Remarkably, theoadB-deficient strain was still capable of growing to wild-type levels but with a delay during the citrate-consuming phase, suggesting that the solubleEf-AHD complex is functional inE. faecalis.These results suggest that theEf-AHD complex is active in its soluble form, and that it is capable of interacting in a dynamic way with the membrane-boundEf-B subunit to achieve its maximal alkalinization capacity during citrate fermentation.

Habit, negative emotions, and intention to continue to use a cell phone

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1687-1697
Author(s):  
Jooyeoun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cell Phone ◽  
Cell Phones ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Cell Phone Use ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Intention To Continue ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

I investigated the relationship between the negative emotions of anger and anxiety in relation to cell phones, and intention to continue to use the phones, which I labeled continuity intention. In addition, I examined the moderating role of habit in the relationship between the two variables. I collected 222 responses to a survey from people who had used cell phones in their work as employees of organizations in Korea. The results showed that the effects of negative emotions on continuity intention were only marginally significant. Instead, when employees perceived their cell phone use as a deeply ingrained habit, they tended to reduce their continuity intention as their negative emotions increased. However, the level of continuity intention was high.

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