scholarly journals Challenges on accessing finance for micro-enterprises in Latvia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona Beizitere ◽  
◽  
Biruta Sloka ◽  
Ieva Brence ◽  
Elita Jermolajeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Central Tendency ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Arithmetic Means ◽  
Statistical Hypotheses ◽  
High Level ◽  
Funding Research ◽  
Micro Enterprises ◽  
Research Analysis

Financial support of companies for their development is considered and realised by many countries worldwide, also in Latvia. Latvia has been receiving critical remarks from entrepreneurs in regard to high level of refuse for financing from the financing institution ALTUM which is the principal intermediary of EU funds and provides resources to support entrepreneurship in Latvia. Statistical data indicate that there are significant reductions of micro-enterprises during recent years. The survey data showed that ALTUM rejected 39 % of the surveyed micro-enterprises from those who had submitted applications within three years. In turn, only 6 % of micro-enterprises have received full financing from banks or leasing companies. Funders rejected applications from 9 % of micro-enterprises while another 5 % themselves withdrew funding due to unacceptable conditions. Latvia has to address serious challenges in entrepreneurship development in regions in particular with a lower economic activity. The aim of the paper is to analyse situation of micro-enterprises for receiving funding. Research methods: analysis of scientific publications and results of previous conducted research, analysis of data obtained in survey of enterprises on questions of financing refuse and on evaluations related to financing conditions in recent years. For a more thorough data analysis (used evaluation scale 1-5) indicators of descriptive statistics are applied: indicators of central tendency or location – arithmetic means, mode, median; indicators of variability or dispersion – range, standard deviation, standard error of mean; cross – tabulations; testing of statistical hypotheses using t-test and analysis of variance – ANOVA; correlation analysis. Research results indicate that the use of more precise requirements of financing for micro-enterprises by finance institution ALTUM could benefit in better development of entrepreneurship in regions of Latvia.

scholarly journals Nierówności i ubóstwo ekonomiczne na obszarach wiejskich w Polsce

2018 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Raczkowska ◽  
Joanna Wrzesińska-Kowal
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Relative Poverty ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
High Level

The aim of the paper was to present the level of disparities and economic poverty in rural areas of Poland in the period 2010-2016. The adopted research assumption was that a high level of income inequality led to a high level of relative poverty. The research was based on the analysis and synthesis of literature and secondary statistical data from the Central Statistical Office. In the theoretical part, the author presented an overview of inequality and poverty definitions. The research part used descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. The obtained results demonstrate that there is a strong positive correlation between income inequality measured using the Gini index and relative poverty in rural areas. No correlation between variables for the professional group of farmers was observed. It can be thus assumed that an increase in income inequality in rural areas leads to an increase in relative poverty, however this correlation does not apply to households, where the main source of income is agriculture.

scholarly journals Research on Calculation Method of Mean in Sports Statistical Data with EXCEL

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
Aining Li ◽  
◽  
Shiwei Zhang ◽  
Zhanbin Feng ◽  
Qiyuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Central Tendency ◽  
Education Department ◽  
Statistical Indicator ◽  
Normal Mean ◽  
The Mean

The mean is the most commonly used statistical indicator to reflect the central tendency of data distribution, in this study, the mean was reclassified according to whether the effect of extreme value was considered or not. According to the definition and specific classification of mean value, We explain in detail how to calculate the normal mean by ways of "built-in function", "pivot table chart" and "descriptive statistics", symmetry trim mean by TRIMMEAN function and asymmetrical trim mean by ways of nested function and VBA self-built function with the date of the 10 referees' scores in the kindergarten gymnastics competition of normal education department of our college. If we fully exploit the powerful statistical function of Excel, we can better meet our sports practice of statistical processing needs.

Statistical analysis of distribution, dynamics and etiological structure of bovine diseases in Vologda region

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-4
Author(s):  
Oksana B. Badeeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Vologda Region ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
High Level

Statistical data of livestock for 30 years is reflected in the article. Author used the materials of the state veterinary reporting. A comparative analysis of the number, incidence and death rate of adult animals and young cattle for two five-year periods (2001-2005 and 2014-2018). the data of the analysis of veterinary statistical reports for 2018 on the specific weight of the large horned cattle and age dynamics of calves in farms of the Vologda region are shown. A significant decrease in livestock of the large horned cattle by 56.3% (from 1990 to 2018) is shown in the analysis of the data. Over the five years 2014-2018, there was a decrease in the number of the large horned cattle by 31.3%, the birth rate of calves - by 26.2%, and the incidence of calves - by 12.3% and the mortality rate decreased by 3.3%. Despite the decline in the number of livestock, in 2018 there is a high incidence of animal diseases (49.6%). The highest incidence rate was observed among calves under 10 days of age 43.3%, 31.7% - from 11 to 30 days, 15.8% - from one to three months, 6.5% - from three to six months and 2.7% - from 6 to 12 months. Of the total number of sick calves in 2018, 63.2% had gastrointestinal diseases, and death for this reason is 49.6% of the total number of victims. Respiratory diseases affect 21.8% of young animals, and death due to respiratory diseases is 18.2%. Analysis of statistical data showed that, despite the complex of veterinary and sanitary measures, the incidence and death of calves remain at a high level. This can be explained by delayed diagnosis and low therapeutic effectiveness in gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases of cattle.

DETERMINAN PENANAMAN MODAL ASING LANGSUNG DI ASEAN

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Joko Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Panel Data Model ◽  
Market Size ◽  
Research Analysis

This research analysis the factors’ that determine the foreign directinvestment (FDI) in ASEAN’s countries especially Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippine and Thailand during 1990-2009. Multinational Enterprises’ (MNE) must decideto choose a locationfor relocating its’ factory by market seeking dan resources seeking strategy. Based on this statement, it can be obtained the regression equation with foreign direct investment is a function of market size, worker’s productivity and infrastructure of road. Statistical data of UNESCAP was used in this research. The regression was base on the panel data model, while the estimation was based on common effects model. This results showthat the market size, worker’s productivity and availability of infrastructure road could be an importance consideration for MNE’s in their choice for FDI.Keywords: foreign direct investment, market size, worker’s productivity, infrastructure of road

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Customer Service Terhadap Kepuasan Nasabah Pada Bank BJB Cabang Subang

ijd-demos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agus Dedi Subagja ◽  
Hanifah Hanifah
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
High Level ◽  
Statistical Analysis Methods ◽  
Research Analysis

Kualitas pelayanan adalah totalitas fitur dan karakteristik produk atau jasa yang tergantung pada kemampuannya untuk memuaskan kebutuhan yang dinyatakan atau tersirat. Kepuasan pelanggan adalah tingkat perasaan seseorang setelah membandingkan kinerja (atau hasil) yang ia persepsikan dibandingkan dengan harapannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kualitas pelayanan customer service terhadap kepuasan nasabah dan menguji pengaruh kualitas pelayanan customer service terhadap kepuasan nasabah pada Bank BJB cabang Subang. Penulis menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode analisis deskriptif dan analisis statistik. Populasi pada penelitian ini sebanyak 3.841, dengan jumlah sampel yang diambil sebanyak 100 orang. Sedangkan alat pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah kuesioner. Hasil analisis penelitian menunjukkan pengaruh kualitas pelayanan customer service terhadap kepuasan nasabah pada Bank BJB cabang Subang menunjukkan tingkat hubungan yang tinggi dengan kontribusi pengaruh yaitu sebesar 64,4% dan sisanya sebesar 35,4% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak diteliti.Service quality is the totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that depends on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs. Customer satisfaction is the level of one's feelings after comparing the performance (or results) he perceives compared to his expectations. This study aims to analyze the quality of customer service service to customer satisfaction and examine the influence of customer service quality on customer satisfaction at the Bank of the Subang branch BJB. The author uses a quantitative approach with descriptive analysis and statistical analysis methods. The population in this study was 5,240, with a total sample of 100 people. While the data collection tools used were questionnaires. The results of the research analysis showed the influence of customer service quality on customer satisfaction at the Bank of the Subang branch BJB showed a high level of relationship with the contribution of influence that is equal to 64.4% and the remaining 35.4% is influenced by other factors not examined.

scholarly journals Działalność innowacyjna i inwestycje w maszyny i urządzenia w przemyśle spożywczym w Polsce a wyzwania współczesnej gospodarki

2018 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-109
Author(s):  
Irena Łącka
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Technical Progress ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
New Economy ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Innovative Activity ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Use Of Resources

Polish food industry challenges result from current and future changes in world’s economy i.e. the need of the optimization of manufacturing process, the increase of effectiveness of the use of resources, solving the personnel problems together and implementing innovations and technical progress. The aim of the article was to present the innovative activity of companies of this sector in years 2010-2016 with indicating tendencies in this scope. The analysis of investments in machines and devices aimed at evaluation of condition and prospects of technical progress of entities in food industry. The research has shown that the majority of this sector is weakly prepared to facing the challenges of new economy. This is indicated by low expenditures into the innovative activity of entities, the structure of those expenditures as well as results of activities during examined period. The analysis of the statistical data have shown that during this tested time the producers of food products and beverages have increased their investment in machines and devices in order to increase their effectiveness of the use of resources and modernize their machinery. During the research following methods were used: study of national and foreign literature, comparative analysis and elements of descriptive statistics. To analyze the innovative activity and investments of entities in machines and devices the data of public statistics was used.

scholarly journals GRADUATES AS AN INDICATOR OF EDUCATIONAL SERVICES QUALITY IN RUSSIAN UNIVERSITIES: MARKETING RESEARCH OF THE LABOR MARKET CURRENT STATE AND MAIN CHALLENGES

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 596-608
Author(s):  
I.Yu. Okolnishnikova ◽  
Yu.G. Kuzmenko ◽  
A.I. Ukhova
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Services Quality ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Educational Services ◽  
Current State ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
High Level ◽  
Scientific Degree ◽  
Russian Universities

The article presents the results of a study of the current state of Russian universities educational services from the perspective of their graduates analysis. Based on the leading world rankings, leading Russian universities were identified and an analysis of the number of graduates in the context of education levels was carried out. On the basis of statistical data, the existing distribution of graduates in the areas of training is revealed and the leading universities in training specialists with a scientific degree are indicated. The article analyzes the employment and wages of graduates from leading universities and discusses the features of their employment in federal districts and major cities. As a result, the authors concluded that in general, masters' knowledge is rated by employers higher than bachelors and specialists. Based on the study, the article identifies the most popular areas of training and successful universities. A separate part of the article is devoted to the results of the study of migration trends among graduates. The authors analyzed the dynamics of emigration of persons with higher education and presented a characteristic of factors contributing to the strengthening of emigration attitudes. According to the results of the analysis, conclusions were drawn about the high level of emigration of Russians abroad, accompanied by a “brain drain”.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurship Practices and Profitability among Farmers in Jos, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atayi Abraham Vincent ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Profit Margin ◽  
Error Tolerance ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Conducive Environment ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

This study seeks to examine the relationship between Entrepreneurship practices and the level of profitability among farmers in Jos. The study covered small and medium scale farmer entrepreneurs within Jos North, Jos South and Jos East. A sample size of 518 was obtained from the population of 834 at 5% error tolerance and 95% level of confidence, using Simple Random Sampling. A self-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. 505(97.5%) of the questionnaire distributed were returned. The study conducted a pre-test on the questionnaire to ensure the validity of the instrument. Data collected were presented in descriptive statistics and frequency tables. The study used financial ratios such as the gross profit margin, net profit margin, returns on assets, sales per year and total assets measures were used to measure the profitability. The average values for gross profit margin, net profit margin and returns on assets are 29.47%, 19.2% and 8.2% respectively; the result shows that an individual farmer in this study can boast of a high level of profit. The study recommends among other things that governments at all levels should work to create a more conducive environment for farmer entrepreneurs to make profitable investments in agriculture.

The Greyhound Strike: Using a Labor Dispute to Teach Descriptive Statistics

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Shatz
Keyword(s):  
Small Groups ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Labor Dispute ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Central Tendency ◽  
Comparable Data ◽  
Labor Management ◽  
Simulation Exercise

A simulation exercise of a labor-management dispute is used to teach students some of the basics of descriptive statistics, such as measures of central tendency and the nature of distributions. Using comparable data sets generated by the instructor, students work in small groups to develop a statistical presentation that supports their particular position in the dispute.

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