scholarly journals The identity of military heritage areas of the coast of Kurzeme

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Natalija Ņitavska ◽  
Monta Siliņa
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Coastal Development ◽  
Coastal Landscape ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Current Usage ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Military ◽  
Transformation Processes

The coastal landscape of Kurzeme in Latvia is connected with the USSR border and military objects, established in the Soviet Union period that nowadays on losing their function are still on the coast and influence the landscape both physically and visually. These objects can be evaluated in different ways – both different and unfamiliar elements for the coastal landscape, as well as the potential of new landscape development. The research of the factors affecting the coastal development is a key to success for future coastal planning and management, as it helps to identify negative and positive landscape transformation processes, as well as their reflection on the identity of the coastal landscape. In order to understand the role of the military heritage of the coast of Kurzeme in the overall identity of the coastal landscape of Kurzeme, a survey of military areas was carried out by analyzing the physical and visual accessibility of the landscape, identifying the type of the landscape, existing elements, their materials and colour gamma, the current usage and state in common, as well as the emotional side of the landscape – feelings, impressions, atmosphere (sense of place). The information obtained in the survey helped to compile a biography of each of the military area landscapes, also based on the cultural and historical research of each landscape. The comparison of different landscape biographies of the military heritage of the coast of Kurzeme gives a perspective of their inclusion in the common identity of the coastal landscape of Kurzeme and reveals the potential for the development of these landscapes.

Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance between the Soviet Union and Finland: Some Aspects of International Politics

1973 ◽  
Vol 8 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 183-188
Author(s):  
Keijo Korhonen
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Center Of Gravity ◽  
25Th Anniversary ◽  
Mutual Assistance ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Military Security ◽  
European Situation ◽  
The Military

The 25th anniversary of the Finnish-Soviet FCA-Treaty was celebrated with solemn ceremonies in April, 1973. Referring to the fact that this treaty has been misunderstood frequently in international discussions and, more recently, also in Finnish domestic debate, the author makes an effort to analyze the role the treaty plays in international politics. He notes that the first two articles of the treaty, ‘the military articles’, are precise and detailed, while the rest of the operative articles, referring to friendship and cooperation between the parties, are general in nature. This is natural since the treaty was designed specifically to provide military security in the situation of 1948. The author maintains that the military role of the FCA-Treaty has not lost its significance even now but that due to the tremendous changes in the European situation during the last 25 years the latter part of the treaty has assumed increasing importance in practice. Thus, while the text of the treaty remains unchanged and the whole treaty is revered by both parties, the operational center of gravity has moved, compared with the situation of 1948, more and more to the articles on friendship and cooperation.

scholarly journals School in the Soviet ethnographic research over the period from 1937 to 1953 based on the journal “Soviet Ethnography”

2021 ◽  
pp. 157-170
Author(s):  
Timur Maratovich Nadyrshin
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
General Education ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Cultural Interpretation ◽  
Anthropology Of Education ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Soviet Education ◽  
The Common ◽  
Blank Spot

Examination of the role of school in Soviet ethnography remains a blank spot in the anthropology of education. However, despite the absence of this subdiscipline, the author indicates the interest of Soviet ethnographers in reorganization of educational sphere. Use of the method of content analysis of the journal “Soviet Ethnography” reveals the role of general education on the map of ethnographic science of the era of totalitarianism (1937– 1953). This stage is characterized by one of the major intrusions into science, which is clearly reflected in publications of humanities journals. The author highlights the common semantic structures – patterns and repetitive statements typical for most articles. These statement lead to the following conclusions: criticism of the prerevolutionary system of education, exclusion of religion from the system of education, and exposure of the problems in the system of education of foreign capitalist countries. At the same time, there was the task to emphasize the successes of Soviet education: elimination of illiteracy; growing number of schools, students, and teachers; and the role of schools in cultural development the Soviet Union. In face of ideological restriction, many ethnographers have identified separate issues and offered their recommendations for the Soviet system of education. These unique observations are the contribution made by the Soviet ethnographic science to the cultural interpretation of the school.

scholarly journals Centenary on the protection of the health of military communication workers

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-276
Author(s):  
A G Klimzov ◽  
E D Shalkayev ◽  
R N Lemeshkin
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Medical Service ◽  
Military Medical Academy ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Medical Academy ◽  
Permanent Staff ◽  
The Military ◽  
To Receive

The main historical dates of formation and formation of the system of preservation and improvement of health of military personnel from among students (cadets and listeners) and permanent staff (faculty and supporting) of the Military Telecommunications Academy named after the Soviet Union Marshal Budienny S. M. for 100 years are presented. The place and role of the medical service of the Military Telecommunications Academy in the training of military liaison officers are covered. A historical report on the formation of a system of training of military specialists and their health protection is presented. The medical service of the Military Telecommunications Academy, as a structural unit, began operations in 1932. During the ninety-year period of work, the medical service of the Military Telecommunications Academy has gone through a difficult and long path of its formation and development. It was served and employed by various specialists who left significant contributions to the maintenance and preservation of the health of all categories of students and faculty. Today’s days of medical service of the Military Telecommunications Academy are the prevention of the most significant diseases for military personnel, in particular respiratory organs and cardiovascular system. The management of the Academy constantly interacts with the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, 442 Military clinical hospital of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, as well as in its branches and structural subdivisions. The level of morbidity, hospitalization and labour loss of military personnel of the Military Telecommunications Academy remains quite low. This is facilitated by the good equipment of the functional offices of the medical clinic and the polyclinic of the Academy, where surgical (outpatient), therapeutic, gynaecological and dental care is provided to various contingents of persons entitled by law to receive free medical care.

Factors Promoting Sphere of Influence Relationships

1973 ◽  
Vol 8 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 155-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trygve Mathisen
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Small States ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Sphere Of Influence

In the following article an attempt has been made to identify factors affecting the implementation of expansionist and imperialist policies, and consequently it sheds light on the problem why some weaker states become the sphere of influence of greater powers while other small states are less exposed to such influence. Domestic motive forces which may prompt a great power to embark on policies of expansion are only briefly dealt with. On the basis of historical considerations a tentative conclusion is made concerning some factors affecting sphere of influence relationships. These factors are applied to the contemporary situation in an attempt to identify what areas are likely to remain exposed to strong great power influence, and to suggest in what directions the great powers are likely to expand their influence. It is assumed that the United States has reached at least a temporary climax with regard to the intensity and extension of its political influence. The Soviet Union and China, and most probably also Japan, are considered more capable of expanding their influence in the immediate future. It is, therefore, assumed that parts of Asia and Africa will remain areas of great power rivalry, but the present role of the great powers will reveal considerable changes, particularly in Southeast Asia.

Strategies for SALT

1971 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome H. Kahan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
World War ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
Strategic Balance ◽  
The Military

On November 17, 1969, after a three-year delay, the United States and the Soviet Union initiated Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT). Involving strategic systems and policies vital to the security of both superpowers, their allies, and the world, these talks have the potential of becoming the most important series of United States-Soviet negotiations since World War II. They can affect not only the military-technical aspects of the strategic balance but United States-Soviet political relations and the future role of nuclear weapons. Given the complexity and sensitivity of the subject, it is not surprising that negotiations are still continuing. Even if an early, limited agreement is reached, SALT meetings can be expected to span a period of many years.

Unholy Crusaders: The Wehrmacht and the Reestablishment of Soviet Churches during Operation Barbarossa

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 620-649
Author(s):  
David Harrisville
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Military Occupation ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Nazi Ideology ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
The Military

AbstractDuring the summer and fall of 1941, as they took part in Operation Barbarossa—the invasion of the Soviet Union—Wehrmacht personnel paused to reopen churches that had been shuttered by the communist regime. These events, which drew enormous crowds, brought together conquerors and conquered in a surprising display of shared faith before being halted by a directive from the Führer. This article addresses the question of why they took place at all, given the genocidal nature of the campaign in which they were embedded, as well as what they can tell us about the role of religion in the Wehrmacht, its relationship to Nazi ideology, and the nature of the military occupation. The reopening ceremonies, it is argued, were the spontaneous outcome of a number of interrelated factors, including Nazi rhetoric, the pent-up yearnings of Soviet Christians, and above all the vision of the invasion as a religious crusade against an atheist power adopted by many chaplains and soldiers. Although often overlooked, religion remained a powerful force in the Wehrmacht, one that could serve both to undermine and justify Nazi goals. Further, the reopenings demonstrate the army's capacity for flexibility in its dealings with the population, particularly during the war's opening months.

scholarly journals Крымский период жизни Басана Городовикова

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-478
Author(s):  
Vladimir E. Polyakov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
The North ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time ◽  
Events Data

Introduction. The article deals with the Crimean period (August 1941 – June 1942) in the life of Basan Badminovich Gorodovikov, Hero of the Soviet Union and a major military and political figure of Kalmykia. The present article aims at describing and analyzing this less-known period of his biography, which was significant and full of dramatic events. Data and research methods. For the purposes of this research, the author has used a wide range of archival materials, as well as memoirs of participants of the partisan movement in the Crimea (including unpublished papers). Results. The author describes the first battles in the north of the Crimea in which Gorodovikov’s regiment was engaged; then, its retreat into the mountains and transition to partisans, the creation of a partisan detachment and the actions behind enemy lines. The activities of Gorodovikov’s detachment are shown against the general background of the partisan movement in the Crimea; special attention given to the discussion of warfare under the specific conditions on the peninsula. The article focuses on the role of the military personnel, especially at the first stage of the partisan movement, revealing, among other things, the problems in the relationship between the command staff of the 48th cavalry division and the partisan leaders in the Crimea. For the first time, the article sheds light on the history of awarding Gorodovikov with the Order of the Red Banner, which was the first award of the Crimean partisans. The dramatic story of his evacuation from the partisan forest to the “Bol´shaia zemlia” is also documented in detail; with previously unknown documents and materials introduced in this paper. The undertaken research allows to conclude that the Crimean period in the life of Gorodovikov was one of the most dramatic in his biography. During a difficult period for the Crimea, he became the commander of one of the most successful partisan detachments, which after he left was officially named after him, its first commander. Notably, Gorodovikov was among the first Crimean partisans to be awarded a military order and to get a promotion in rank and in office.

scholarly journals The historical truth about the Great Patriotic War — the imperative of the spiritual life of Russian society (socio-philosophical analysis)

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
V.V. Ksenofontov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Humanitarian Mission ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Historical Truth ◽  
The Military ◽  
Great Victory

On the basis of the principle of unity of the historical and logical, the decisive contribution of the Soviet Union in the defeat of the Nazi invaders during the Great Patriotic War is comprehensively justified. The role of the material and technical base of the USSR in ensuring the Great Victory is proved. The advantage of the military-strategic operations carried out by the Red Army command in comparison with the operations carried out by the Allies during the war is comprehensively justified. The courage and heroism of the Red Army soldiers at all stages of the Great Patriotic War is described in detail; their humanitarian mission during the period of liberation of European countries from fascism is revealed. Argumentatively, the author reveals the failure of attempts to falsify the historical truth about the victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War.

scholarly journals CONTESTED HEGEMONY: RUSSIA’S APPROACH TO THE MILITARY AND ECONOMIC PREDOMINANCE OF THE US IN WORLD AFFAIRSHEGEMONIA CONTESTADA: A ABORDAGEM RUSSA QUANTO À PREDOMINÂNCIA MILITAR E ECONÔMICA GLOBAL DOS EUA

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valdir da Silva Bezerra
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
International System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Military

This paper discusses the Russian approach, from a rhetorical and practical viewpoint, regarding the military and economic predominance of the United States in the International System. The research method adopted was based on the compilation of statements by Russian authorities about the US position on the global stage, as well as on the presentation of the main initiatives and actions taken by the Kremlin, particularly from the 2000s onwards, in opposition to US interests both in the military and economic spheres. The first section initially deals with Russia’s intervention in Syria and Moscow's actions vis-a-vis the dismantling of bilateral nuclear-force treaties signed between the US and the Soviet Union during the Cold War. The second section brings the Russian articulation within the BRICS group as a criticism to American (and Western) privileges within institutions such as the IMF and the World Bank, posteriorly pointing out to the steps taken by Moscow in its quest to make the Russian economy less dependent on the dollar. We conclude by observing that in both military and economic aspects Moscow has obtained moderate results in view of its aspirations regarding the role of counterweight to the American power in International Relations.

POST-SOVIET CITY AS A PALIMPSEST

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-68
Author(s):  
Elena A. Kosovan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
The Coordinator ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The author of the publication reviews the photobook “Palimpsests”, published in 2018 in the publishing house “Ad Marginem Press” with the support of the Heinrich Böll Foundation. The book presents photos of post-Soviet cities taken by M. Sher. Preface, the author of which is the coordinator of the “Democracy” program of the Heinrich Böll Foundation in Russia N. Fatykhova, as well as articles by M. Trudolyubov and K. Bush, which accompany these photos, contain explanation of the peculiarities of urban space formation and patterns of its habitation in the Soviet Union times and in the post-Soviet period. The author of the publication highly appreciates the publication under review. Analyzing the photographic works of M. Sher and their interpretation undertaken in the articles, the author of the publication agrees with the main conclusions of N. Fatykhova, M. Trudolyubov and K. Bush with regards to the importance of the role of the state in the processes of urban development and urbanization in the Soviet and post-Soviet space, but points out that the second factor that has a key influence on these processes is ownership relations. The paper positively assesses the approach proposed by the authors of the photobook to the study of the post-Soviet city as an architectural and landscape palimpsest consisting mainly of two layers, “socialist” and “capitalist”. The author of the publication specifically emphasizes the importance of analyzing the archetypal component of this palimpsest, pointing out that the articles published in the reviewed book do not pay sufficient attention to this issue. Particular importance is attributed by the author to the issue of metageography of post-Soviet cities and meta-geographical approach to their exploration. Emphasizing that the urban palimpsest is a system of realities, each in turn including a multitude of ideas, meanings, symbols, and interpretations, the author points out that the photobook “Palimpsests” is actually an invitation to a scientific game with space, which should start a new direction in the study of post-Soviet urban space.

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