scholarly journals Differential Footload of Male and Female Fisher, Martes pennanti, in Quebec

2008 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurelie Renard ◽  
Maxime Lavoie ◽  
Serge Larivière
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
Martes Pennanti ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Differential Behaviour ◽  
Load Mass

We examined the mass, foot area and foot load (mass/surface area) of Fishers (Carnivora: Mustelidae: Martes pennanti) captured during the 2006-2007 commercial fur season in southern Quebec, Canada. Body mass of males (mean = 4.7 kg ± 0.5, n = 37) was significantly larger than that of females (mean = 2.4 kg ± 0.2, n = 40). Similarly, the size of male feet (mean area = 130.5 cm2 ± 10.9, n = 37) was significantly larger than that of females (mean = 95.2 cm2 ± 7.6 SE, n = 40). The resulting footload of males (36.2 g/cm2 ± 6.1, n = 37) was 43% larger than that of females (25.3 g/cm2 ± 2.3, n = 40). These results may help explain the differential behaviour and niche partitioning in this mustelid carnivore.

Relationships among Cutaneous Surface Area, Cutaneous Mass, and Body Mass in Frogs: A Reappraisal

1992 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1135-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen R. Talbot ◽  
Martin E. Feder
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Mass

Fusion of the distal femoral epiphysis in male and female marten and fisher

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1514-1518 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Dagg ◽  
D. Leach ◽  
G. Sumner-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Good Method ◽  
Martes Americana ◽  
Martes Pennanti ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Distal Femoral Epiphysis

The distal femoral epiphyses of 142 marten (Martes americana) and 391 fisher (Martes pennanti), all trapped from November to February in the Algonquin region of Ontario, were radiographed to determine their state of fusion and the presence or absence of scar lines. These criteria indicated that on the average fusion occurred first in female marten, then in male marten, female fisher, and finally in male fisher. Thus the time of fusion in these mustelids was a function of size and possibly also of sex. Radiography of the femur of winter-trapped marten and fisher is not a good method of aging these species because the degree of fusion does not necessarily differentiate juveniles from adults.

scholarly journals Erythrocyte Volume, Plasma Volume, and Lean Body Mass in Adult Men and Women

Blood ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 649-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN A. RETZLAFF ◽  
W. NEWLON TAUXE ◽  
JOSEPH M. KIELY ◽  
CHARLES F. STROEBEL
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Surface Area Ratio ◽  
Erythrocyte Volume ◽  
Normal Males

Abstract Erythrocyte volume, plasma volume, hematocrit, lean body mass (from total body water), skinfold thickness (at three sites), arm circumference, height, and weight were measured in 40 normal males, 38 normal females, and 12 obese females. From these data on the normal subjects, equations for estimating erythrocyte and plasma volumes were derived. Equations utilizing combined height-weight, surface area, height-weight-skinfold thickness, or lean body mass were found to be the most accurate for predicting erythrocyte and plasma volumes in normal and in obese subjects. The body:venous hematocrit ratio (BH:VH) and the variability of this ratio in our subjects were determined and discussed. Errors in indirect estimates of blood volumes based on this ratio are presented. Erythrocyte and plasma volume standards based on height-weight regression equations or surface area ratio equation are suggested for use in clinical laboratories. Tables and a nomogram based on these equations have been prepared and are available on request.

scholarly journals A Study of the Nutritional Behavior and Body Mass Indexes for Students of Age (17-25) Years In Baghdad, Iraq.

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 480-487
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Daily Food Intake ◽  
Nutritional Behavior ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Personal Meeting

The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status for samples at the age of 17-15 years. These samples were taken from secondary schools and universities in Baghdad area, 123 of them were male and 261 were female. Data on weight, height and body mass index (BMI) were determined in each individual. Smaller sample of 215 individuals (male and female) from the original sample was taken in order to record their nutritional behavior and daily food intake during the 24 hours prior to the visit through personal meeting using special questionnaire. The results showed that the weight and the height were within the range of the people of neighboring Arab countries, who are in the same age. Beside 44.4- 55.95% of these samples were within the normal weight using body mass index. Percentages of obesity and overweight were between 43.5- 6.5% for male and female respectively. There was an increase in daily food intake in general for essential diet and energy indeed, as recorded in nutritional behavior. 67% of samples have their breakfast every day. There were 51% of the samples having snacks (additional meal) between the major meals everyday and 62% have beverages every day. Also high percentage of samples were having milk and its products, vegetables, fruits (as nutritional sources) every day and the percentages were 47%, 67%, 78% respectively. In general their nutritional behavior and daily food intake were within the limits which showed by American recommended daily dietary, still there was some incorrect nutritional behavior which need more education and learning about nutrition.

scholarly journals Cardiorespiratory Fitness in University Level Volleyball Players and its Correlation with Body Fat

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Archana Khanna ◽  
Ankita Singh ◽  
Bhanu Pratap Singh ◽  
Faiz Khan
Keyword(s):  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
University Level

Abstract Introduction. The present study was aimed to compare the cardiorespiratory fitness levels (VO2max) between university level male and female volleyball players and to find its correlation with percentage body fat. Material and Methods. In the present cross-sectional study, male and female volleyball players (n = 15 each) aged 18-25 years were randomly selected from Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, India. An equal number of sedentary individuals were also selected who did not indulge in any vigorous physical activity or training. Body height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), % lean body mass of players and sedentary individuals were recorded using standard methods. Percentage body fat was calculated using the sum of four skinfolds and VO2max was recorded using Queen’s college step test. Data were analysed using SPSS software version 20.0. Unpaired t-test was used for comparison between players and sedentary individuals and two-way ANOVA was used to examine interaction of status (active players and sedentary individuals) and gender on VO2max. Results. Players had higher mean values for % lean body mass and VO2max. Statistically, highly significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed between male and female players for all variables except BMI. Players had better cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) as compared to their sedentary counterparts. Conclusions. Significant differences exist between players and sedentary individuals for percentage body fat and percentage lean body mass. Cardiorespiratory fitness of players is negatively correlated with percentage body fat. Players have higher VO2max as compared to their sedentary counterparts.

Body Mass Index and Body Surface Area and Their Associations with Outcomes in Stage II and III Colon Cancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Alipour ◽  
Hagen F. Kennecke ◽  
Ryan Woods ◽  
Howard J. Lim ◽  
Caroline Speers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Stage Ii

Rapid Weight Gain Following Weight Cutting in Male and Female Professional Mixed Martial Artists

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kadhiresan R. Murugappan ◽  
Ariel Mueller ◽  
Daniel P. Walsh ◽  
Shahzad Shaefi ◽  
Akiva Leibowitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Mixed Martial Arts ◽  
Rapid Weight Gain ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Small Series

Rapid weight loss or “weight cutting” is a common but potentially harmful practice used in mixed martial arts competition. Following the official weigh-in, competitors refeed and rehydrate themselves in a process known as rapid weight gain (RWG) to realize a potential competitive advantage. While data from surveys and small series have indicated the majority of mixed martial arts athletes engage in rapid weight loss, there is a lack of officially collected data from sanctioning organizations describing its prevalence. The present investigation represents a summary of the data collected between December 2015 and January 2018 by the California State Athletic Commission. In total, 512 professional mixed martial artists (455 males and 57 females) were included. Of these, 503 (98%) athletes gained body mass between weigh-in and their bouts. Total RWG between weigh-in and competition was 5.5 ± 2.5 kg, corresponding to an 8.1% ± 3.6% body mass increase. Total RWG was 5.6 ± 2.5 kg (8.1% ± 3.6%) for males and 4.5 ± 2.3 kg (8.0% ± 3.8%) for females. More than one quarter of men and one third of women gained >10% body mass between weigh-in and competition. Athletes from leading international promotions gained more absolute, but not relative, body mass than those from regional promotions. Our findings indicate RWG is nearly ubiquitous in professional , with a similar prevalence in male and female athletes. Trends based on promotion suggest a larger magnitude of RWG in presumably more experienced and/or successful mixed martial artists from leading international promotions.

Oxygen and the upper limits to animal design and performance.

1998 ◽  
Vol 201 (8) ◽  
pp. 1065-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
R K Suarez
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Tracheal System ◽  
Flying Insects ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
O2 Transport ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
Functional Capacities

Mass-specific rates of aerobic metabolism VO2/Mb) scale in inverse proportion to body mass (Mb). Thus, small hummingbirds display the highest VO2/Mb known among vertebrates. Among all animals, higher VO2/Mb values are known only in flying insects. The high body-mass-specific rates of metabolism seen in hummingbirds are made possible by high lung O2 diffusing capacities, cardiac outputs, ratios of capillary surface area to muscle fiber surface area, mitochondrial volume densities, cristae surface densities and concentrations of enzymes involved in energy metabolism. Current evidence from control analyses of O2 transport through the respiratory and cardiovascular systems and of metabolic fluxes through pathways of energy metabolism indicates shared control of maximum flux rates among multiple steps (i.e. the absence of single rate-limiting steps). This supports the suggestion that functional capacities at each step in linear pathways or processes are matched to each other, and provides an explanation for why the up-regulation of functional capacities has occurred at virtually all steps in the evolution of the smallest vertebrate homeotherms. Flying insects make use of a tracheal system for O2 transport and, like hummingbirds, possess a highly up-regulated biochemical machinery for substrate oxidation. Studies of hummingbirds and honeybees reveal closer matches between biochemical flux capacities and maximum physiological flux rates than in animals capable of lower maximum VO2/Mb. It is proposed that the upper limits to functional capacities set the upper limit to VO2/Mb. This upper limit to aerobic metabolic rate may contribute, along with other factors, towards establishing the lower limit to vertebrate homeotherm size.

Physical activity ratio of selected activities in Indian male and female subjects and its relationship with body mass index

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Kuriyan ◽  
Parvathi P. Easwaran ◽  
Anura V. Kurpad
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Activity Ratio ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Indian Male ◽  
Female Subjects

Psoriasis: Moderne Versorgung braucht einen ganzheitlichen Ansatz

2019 ◽  
pp. 196-197
Author(s):  
Natalia Kirsten
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Depression Severity ◽  
Interleukin 18 ◽  
Psoriasis Area Severity Index

Objective: Psoriasis and depression may have common mechanisms, such as systemic inflammation, dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and vitamin D3 deficiency. Among men with psoriasis, this study examined whether depression severity was associated with serum concentrations of different metabolic and inflammatory markers.Methods: The study included 85 men with psoriasis (mean age ±standard deviation [SD], 47 ±14 years) and 65 men without psoriasis (mean age ±SD, 44 ±13 years). In both groups, we measured the body mass index; blood pressure; and serum concentrations of lipids, uric acid, lipase, interleukins 6 and 18, cortisol, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. All participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory. Other variables analyzed included psoriasis duration, the Psoriasis Area Severity Index, and the percentage of body surface area affected by psoriatic lesions.Results: Compared with controls, patients with psoriasis had significantly greater depression severity, higher body mass indices, and higher serum concentrations of total cholesterol and interleukins 6 and 18; moreover, they had significantly lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 concentrations. In patients with psoriasis, depression severity correlated positively with psoriasis duration, the Psoriasis Area Severity Index, the percentage of body surface area affected by psoriatic lesions, and interleukin-18 concentration. In patients with psoriasis, depression severity correlated negatively with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 concentration, but it did not correlate significantly with the serum concentrations of interleukin 6 and cortisol. Conclusion: High concentrations of interleukin 18 and low concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 may be associated with depression severity in men with psoriasis. Thus, further studies should examine whether effective anti-inflammatory treatments or vitamin D3 supplementation can improve depression outcomes in these patients.

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