scholarly journals New onset of generalized myasthenia gravis developed after a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
T. M. Alekseeva ◽  
P. Sh. Isabekova ◽  
M. P. Topuzova ◽  
N. V. Skripchenko
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Medical Society ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
New Onset

Development of various immune-mediated neurological complications after a viral infection is of particular interest to medical society during a pandemic of COVID-19. It was found that SARS-CoV-2 has the ability to cause hyperstimulation of the immune system, thereby initiating developing of autoimmune diseases. The article describes a clinical case of new onset of generalized myasthenia gravis with thymoma in a patient after previous COVID-19. 

A CLINICAL CASE OF COVID-19 IN A NEWBORN

2021 ◽  
pp. 129-132
Author(s):  
E. N. Alferovich ◽  
◽  
I. A. Loginova ◽  
A. A. Ustinovich ◽  
E. A. Sarzhevskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Infected Mother ◽  
Laboratory Confirmation ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
One Year ◽  
System Today

The problem of coronavirus infection has captured the whole world. In one year, the views on the disease itself and its treatment have radically changed. Doctors all over the world cannot give definite answers to a number of questions regarding this virus and its impact on newborn babies. Low susceptibility to coronavirus in young children may be due to some peculiarities of the immune system. Today it is considered to be the main ways of transmission of the virus are airborne and contact. However, the airborne route of infection in newborns is unlikely, because from birth the child is isolated from the sick mother. The issue of the vertical transmission of the virus from an infected mother to a child is discussed. There is no evidence of transmission of coronavirus through breast milk. The diagnosis of coronavirus infection in children is established with a positive epidemiological history and with 2 clinical symptoms with laboratory confirmation. The article presents a single clinical case of coronavirus infection in a newborn. The possible ways of infection of the newborn, the clinical picture, the possibility of joint stay of the mother and the child, breastfeeding, and treatment of the newborn are discussed.

scholarly journals Immune Pathogenesis of COVID-19 Intoxication: Storm or Silence?

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Mikhail Kiselevskiy ◽  
Irina Shubina ◽  
Irina Chikileva ◽  
Suria Sitdikova ◽  
Igor Samoylenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Treatment Strategy ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Significant Problem ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Immune Pathogenesis ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Excessive Inflammatory Response

Dysregulation of the immune system undoubtedly plays an important and, perhaps, determining role in the COVID-19 pathogenesis. While the main treatment of the COVID-19 intoxication is focused on neutralizing the excessive inflammatory response, it is worth considering an equally significant problem of the immunosuppressive conditions including immuno-paralysis, which lead to the secondary infection. Therefore, choosing a treatment strategy for the immune-mediated complications of coronavirus infection, one has to pass between Scylla and Charybdis, so that, in the fight against the “cytokine storm,” it is vital not to miss the point of the immune silence that turns into immuno-paralysis.

scholarly journals Adaptive Immunity and the Risk of Autoreactivity in COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8965
Author(s):  
Rhiane Moody ◽  
Kirsty Wilson ◽  
Katie L. Flanagan ◽  
Anthony Jaworowski ◽  
Magdalena Plebanski
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Adaptive Immune Cells ◽  
New Onset ◽  
Self Antigens

While first and foremost considered a respiratory infection, COVID-19 can result in complications affecting multiple organs. Immune responses in COVID-19 can both protect against the disease as well as drive it. Insights into these responses, and specifically the targets being recognised by the immune system, are of vital importance in understanding the side effects of COVID-19 and associated pathologies. The body’s adaptive immunity recognises and responds against specific targets (antigens) expressed by foreign pathogens, but not usually to target self-antigens. However, if the immune system becomes dysfunctional, adaptive immune cells can react to self-antigens, which can result in autoimmune disease. Viral infections are well reported to be associated with, or exacerbate, autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In COVID-19 patients, both new onset MS and SLE, as well as the occurrence of other autoimmune-like pathologies, have been reported. Additionally, the presence of autoantibodies, both with and without known associations to autoimmune diseases, have been found. Herein we describe the mechanisms of virally induced autoimmunity and summarise some of the emerging reports on the autoimmune-like diseases and autoreactivity that is reported to be associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Hyperstimulation of the immune system as a cause of autoimmune diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-213
Author(s):  
Varvara A. Ryabkova ◽  
Leonid P. Churilov ◽  
Yehuda Shoenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Threshold Model ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
Polygenic Inheritance ◽  
Autoimmune Pathology ◽  
The Common

The pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is very complex and multi-factorial. The concept of Mosaics of Autoimmunity was introduced to the scientific community 30 years ago by Y. Shoenfeld and D.A. Isenberg, and since then new tiles to the puzzle are continuously added. This concept specifies general pathological ideas about the multifactorial threshold model for polygenic inheritance with a threshold effect by the action of a number of external causal factors as applied to the field of autoimmunology. Among the external factors that can excessively stimulate the immune system, contributing to the development of autoimmune reactions, researchers are particularly interested in chemical substances, which are widely used in pharmacology and medicine. In this review we highlight the autoimmune dynamics i.e. a multistep pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and the subsequent development of lymphoma in some cases. In this context several issues are addressed namely, genetic basis of autoimmunity; environmental immunostimulatory risk factors; gene/environmental interaction; pre-clinical autoimmunity with the presence of autoantibodies; and the mechanisms, underlying lymphomagenesis in autoimmune pathology. We believe that understanding the common model of the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is the first step to their successful management.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the performance of immunoblot and immunodot techniques used to identify autoantibodies in patients with autoimmune diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-244
Author(s):  
Youssef EL Hassouni ◽  
Mohammed Bourhia ◽  
Ahmed Bari ◽  
Riaz Ullah ◽  
Hafiz Majid Mahmood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽  
Antinuclear Antibodies ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Nuclear Antigens ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
U1 Snrnp

Abstract Autoimmune diseases are pathological conditions in which the immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues. This study evaluates the performance of two techniques, which are identifiers of autoantibody specifics: immunoblot and immunodot. This study was conducted in 300 patients of whom 62 were tested positive for antinuclear antibodies. The patients were initially screened for antinuclear antibodies using indirect immunofluorescence. Then, the identification of specific autoantibodies such as anti-extractable nuclear antigens (ENAs) was carried out using the immunoblot and immunodot techniques. The results showed that immunoblot and immunodot did not present a significant difference in their sensitivity against anti-SSA/52, SSB, CENP-B, PCNA, U1-snRNP, Jo-1, Pm-scl, and Mi-2 (p > 0.05). However, the two techniques showed a significant difference in their sensitivity toward autoantibodies anti-DNAn, anti-histone, anti-SmD1, and anti-ds-DNA (p < 0.05). The immunoblot data were in complete accordance with the immunodot data (100%) regarding the detection of autoantibodies such as anti SSA/52, SSB, CENP-B, PCNA, U1-snRP, Jo-1, Pm-scl, and Mi-2, 80% regarding SmD1, and 75% concerning ds-DNA. We should certainly pay closer attention to the efficiency of the techniques used in the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases.

scholarly journals Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM): A Demyelinating Disease with Specific Morphological Features

2021 ◽  
pp. 106689692199356
Author(s):  
Fleur Cordier ◽  
Lars Velthof ◽  
David Creytens ◽  
Jo Van Dorpe
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Demyelinating Disorder ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare immune-mediated inflammatory and demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. Its characteristic perivenular demyelination and inflammation aid in the differential diagnosis with other inflammatory demyelinating diseases. Here, we present a clinical case of ADEM, summarize its histological hallmarks, and discuss pitfalls concerning the most important neuropathological differential diagnoses.

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