Pertussis and pertussis-like syndrome in young children

The most common infectious diseases with a risk of severe, non-smooth course and unfavorable outcome in young children, including the first year of life, are pertussis and respiratory syncytial viral infection (RSV infection), often occurring with pertussis-like syndrome.Objective: to establish clinical and laboratory differential diagnostic criteria for pertussis and RSV infection in children of the first year of life.Materials and methods: A retrospective comparative study was conducted, which included patients of the first year of life (from 1 month to 11 months and 29 days), regardless of the duration of hospitalization and duration of the disease: 48 patients with pertussis and 26 with acute RSV infection.Results: The compared groups of patients were comparable in age, the number of severe forms (4.6 ± 0.5 months, 17% for pertussis and 4.0 ± 0.2 months, 16% for RS infection). The disease in both cases began subacute, however, with RSV infection 92% of children were hospitalized in the first 5 days from the onset of the disease, with pertussis — in the first week of the period of convulsive cough — 47.9%, in the second week — 41.7%, in the third week — 10.4%. 52% of patients with RSV infection had no fever or (in 32%) did not exceed 1—3 days. In 41.3% of patients it was subfebrile (37—38 °C), in 21.1% it was febrile (38—39 °C). In patients with pertussis the onset of the disease took place against the background of normal body temperature. In patients with RSV infection, bronchiolitis was recorded in 24% of cases, obstructive bronchitis — in 60%. Patients with pertussis, 89.6% of whom were not vaccinated and 10.4% did not complete the initial course of vaccination, had a typical paroxysmal cough with reprises. Complications in the form of respiratory rhythm disturbances were recorded in 14.6% of cases, pneumonia — in 6.3%. Comparison of hematological parameters revealed highly significant differences in the levels of leukocytosis and relative lymphocytosis (p < 0.001), as well as thrombocytosis (p < 0.01), with the predominance of all indicators in patients with pertussis.Conclusion. Differential diagnostic criteria for the similarity of the clinical picture may be established hematological differences: pronounced leukocytosis due to lymphocytosis, increasing in dynamics, and thrombocytosis in pertussis and normocytosis with moderate lymphocytosis, a possible tendency to thrombocytosis in severe RSV infection.

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Young children with Noonan syndrome: evaluation of feeding problems

European Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.1007/s00431-020-03664-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 179 (11) ◽

pp. 1683-1688

Author(s):

Jos M. T. Draaisma ◽

Joris Drossaers ◽

Lenie van den Engel-Hoek ◽

Erika Leenders ◽

Joyce Geelen

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Noonan Syndrome ◽

Early Onset ◽

Late Onset ◽

Tube Feeding ◽

Genetic Mutation ◽

First Year ◽

Feeding Problems ◽

Genetic Syndrome ◽

First Year Of Life

Abstract Noonan syndrome (NS) is a common genetic syndrome with a high variety in phenotype. Even though genetic testing is possible, NS is still a clinical diagnosis. Feeding problems are often present in infancy. We investigated the feeding status of 108 patients with clinically and genetically confirmed NS. Only patients with a documented feeding status before the age of 6 were included. A distinction was made between patients with early onset feeding problems (< 1 year) and children with late onset feeding problems (> 1 year). Seventy-one of 108 patients had feeding problems, of which 40 patients required tube feeding. Children with a genetic mutation other than PTPN11 and SOS1 had significantly more feeding problems in the first year. Fifty-two of all 108 patients experienced early onset feeding problems, of which 33 required tube feeding. A strong decrease in prevalence of feeding problems was found after the first year of life. Fifteen children developed feeding problems later in life, of which 7 required tube feeding. Conclusion: Feeding problems occur frequently in children with NS, especially in children with NS based on genetic mutations other than PTPN11 and SOS1. Feeding problems develop most often in infancy and decrease with age. What is Known:• Young children with Noonan syndrome may have transient feeding problems.• Most of them will need tube feeding. What is New:• This is the first study of feeding problems in patients with clinically and genetically proven Noonan syndrome.• Feeding problems most often develop in infancy and resolve between the age of 1 and 2.

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Early Introduction of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Caries Trajectories from Age 12 to 48 Months

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/0022034520917398 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 99 (8) ◽

pp. 898-906 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

E. Bernabé ◽

H. Ballantyne ◽

C. Longbottom ◽

N.B. Pitts

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Young Children ◽

Later Life ◽

Rate Of Change ◽

First Year ◽

Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽

Sweetened Beverages ◽

The Mean ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

Over Time

Early exposure to sweet tastes predicts similar food preferences and eating behavior in later life and is associated with childhood obesity. The aim of this study was to explore the associations of early (during the first year of life) and subsequent intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) with 4-y caries trajectories among Scottish young children. We used data from 1,111 Scottish children who were followed annually from age 12 to 48 mo (4 sweeps in total). SSB intake was reported by parents in every sweep. SSB intake was broken down into 2 components, the initial SSB intake and the deviation over time from that initial value. Childhood dental caries was clinically determined (including noncavitated and cavitated lesions) every year. The association of SSB intake with baseline decayed, missing, and filled tooth surfaces (dmfs) (intercept) and rate of change in dmfs over time (slope) was examined in 2-level linear mixed-effects models, with repeated observations nested within children. Both the initial SSB intake and the deviation from the initial SSB intake were positively associated with steeper caries trajectories. By sweep 4, the predicted mean dmfs difference was 1.73 between children with low and high initial SSB intake (1 standard deviation below and above the mean) and 1.17 between children with low and high deviation from their initial SSB intake (1 SD below and above the mean). The findings of this prospective study among Scottish young children provide evidence that the introduction of SSBs during the first year of life can put children in a trajectory of high levels of dental caries. They support current recommendations to avoid sugars for very young children and interventions targeting early feeding practices for caries prevention.

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Causes of violation of vaccination schedule in young children

Pediatrician (St Petersburg) ◽

10.17816/ped10331-36 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 31-36

Author(s):

Tatyana M. Chernova ◽

Vladimir N. Timchenko ◽

Nadezhda A. Myskina ◽

Maria A. Lapina ◽

Anna E. Orekhova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

High Frequency ◽

Maternity Hospital ◽

Vaccination Schedule ◽

First Year ◽

Age Group ◽

Immunization Schedule ◽

Significant Delay ◽

First Year Of Life

The high frequency of severe and complicated forms of infectious diseases in young children, with the possibility of death, confirms the importance of timely specific protection of this age group. In order to identify the causes of violation of the terms of vaccination of young children, 469 histories of children from 0 to 12 months of life were studied. The analysis showed that only 77% of the observed children in the first year of life were vaccinated according to the immunization schedule, whereas in 23% of cases, violations of the vaccination status were found. In 45% of children, the time of immunization was violated already at the stage of the maternity hospital: only every fifth child was not vaccinated because of health reasons, while 79% of children did not receive prophylactic vaccinations due to the mother’s refusal. Medical abductions prevailed in the structure of violations of vaccination terms in the сhildren’s оutpatient: 39% of children were vaccinated with deviations from the schedule due to temporary contraindications, 22% were vaccinated later than terms due to unreasonable medical leads. In 39% of cases of violation of vaccine status is associated with a misunderstanding of the parents of the risk of infectious diseases and the effectiveness of the child’s protection through immunization. Of these, 22% of children were denied, 10% of children were vaccinated with a significant delay, 7% of children did not reach the сhildren’s оutpatient during the year without an explanation of the reasons. Thus, the analysis showed that the majority of the observed children (57%) did not receive timely protection against infectious diseases due to attitudes towards vaccinations of parents, 43% of children were not vaccinated due to medical abductions.

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HGG-28. ONCOGENIC TYROSINE KINASE GENE FUSIONS IN SUPRATENTORIAL HIGH GRADE GLIOMAS OF YOUNG CHILDREN - COMPARISON OF RNA- AND DNA-BASED METHODS FOR THEIR RELIABLE DETECTION

Neuro-Oncology ◽

10.1093/neuonc/noab090.092 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. i23-i23

Author(s):

Torsten Pietsch ◽

Gerrit Gielen ◽

Andreas Waha ◽

Evelyn Doerner ◽

Andre O von Bueren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Tyrosine Kinase ◽

Rna Sequencing ◽

First Year ◽

High Grade ◽

Gene Fusions ◽

Kinase Gene ◽

Tyrosine Kinase Gene ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

Rna And Dna

Abstract High-grade diffuse gliomas in early childhood are characterized by a more favorable outcome compared to older children. We have shown in previous studies that these tumors are characterized by stable genomes. The occurrence of tyrosine kinase gene fusions in high-grade gliomas of infancy may represent therapeutic targets. 50 glioblastomas (GBM) with supratentorial location occurring in children younger than four years were retrieved from the archives of the Brain Tumor Reference Center, Institute of Neuropathology, Bonn University. DNA and RNA were extracted from FFPE tumor samples. Gene fusions were identified on the DNA level by FISH using break-apart probes for ALK, NTRK1, -2, -3, ROS1 and MET and Molecular Inversion Probe (MIP) methodology. On the RNA level, fusion transcripts were detected by targeted RNA sequencing as well as Nanostring assay with fusion-specific probes. 37 supratentorial GBM occurred in the first year of life, 13 GBM between one and four years. 18 cases showed fusions of ALK to different partners; all occurred in the first year of life (18/37, 48.6%). Fusions of ROS1 were found in 5, MET in 3, NTRK1, -2, -3 in 10 cases. 12 cases showed no and two cases novel fusions. The different methods led to comparable results. Only recurrent fusions with known fusion partners were detectable with fusion sequence-specific Nanostring probes and library construction for targeted RNA sequencing failed in a fraction of cases. Break-apart FISH led to reliable results on the next day, and MIP technology represented the most sensitive method for analysis of FFPE samples. Gene fusions involving the tyrosine kinase genes ALK, MET, ROS1 and NTRK1, -2, -3 occurred in 72% of glioblastomas of young children; most frequent were ALK fusions occurring in infant GBM. DNA-based MIP technology represented the most robust and sensitive assay. A combination of RNA- and DNA-based methods to detect these fusions with high reliability is recommended.

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Clinical assessment of urination in young children

Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery ◽

10.18821/1560-9510-2020-24-3-167-173 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 167-173

Author(s):

Ludmila A. Deryugina ◽

T. V. Otpuschennikova

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Clinical Evaluation ◽

Postnatal Period ◽

Hydrodynamic Characteristics ◽

First Year ◽

Functional Immaturity ◽

Controlling Behavior ◽

Volume Characteristics ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

Nighttime Sleep

The aim of the study was to study the formation of urination in young children, taking into account perinatal factors. Material and methods. the pattern of urination was studied in 42 patients at the stages of antenatal observation, after birth during the first year of life and at the age of three. Clinical evaluation of urination was performed in young children using a developed qualimetric table that takes into account the volume of the bladder and frequency of urination, the nature of urination, the presence of urge to urinate and behavioral reactions. At the age of three, a qualimetric table was used to evaluate E. L. Vishnevsky’s urination (2001). The observation group consisted of 42 patients whose urination pattern was studied at the stages of antenatal observation, during the first year of life and at the age of three. The features of the course of the antenatal and postnatal period of children’s development were taken into account: pregnancy complications, fetal pathological conditions, features of the morpho-functional state of infants, and neurological comorbidities. Results. According to the results of clinical evaluation of urination in children at 3 years of age, 3 groups of children were identified: with “Mature”,”delayed formation of “Mature” type of urination”, as well as “dysfunctional type of urination”. Conclusions. the manifestations of “maturity of urination” in infants at the age of 1 year are the compliance of hydrodynamic indicators with age standards, the formation of continuous urination, signs of controlling behavior: behavioral reaction to the urge, the absence of” missing urine “during the day, during daytime and nighttime sleep, “urination on request”. The “delay in the formation of mature urination type”, the formation of “dysfunctional urination type “ revealed the determining influence of the pathological course of the antenatal period of child development, the implementation of signs of pathological fetal urination, the presence of neurological symptoms and signs of morpho-functional immaturity of the postnatal period. “Dysfunctional urination” was manifested by: a decrease in the capacity of the bladder and the discrepancy between the hydrodynamic characteristics of the age parameters; monotony of the volume characteristics of the bladder during the day; imperative contractions of the bladder, that is, the presence of “wet gaps” between urination; urination during sleep; as well as a delay or lack of urge to urinate, behavioral responses and neatness skills.

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COMPARATIVE FREQUENCY OF DETECTION OF ENTEROPATHOGENIC E. COLI, SALMONELLA AND SHIGELLA IN RECTAL SWAB CULTURES FROM INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.19.3.411 ◽

1957 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 411-423

Author(s):

Merlin L. Cooper ◽

Helen M. Keller ◽

Edward W. Walters

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Rectal Swab ◽

Multiple Infections ◽

First Year ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

E Coli ◽

Salmonella Infections ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

Infants And Young Children

The present report supplies the details and results of a study of 2,865 patients during a period of 2 years, March 1, 1954, to March 1, 1956. The purpose of the study was to determine the comparative frequency of isolation of Salmonella, Shigella and nine serotypes of enteropathogenic E. coli from rectal swab cultures obtained from infants and young children admitted to the Children's Hospital. The technic for the isolation and identification of enteropathogenic E. coli is described. A diagnostic polyvalent E. coli antiserum prepared in our laboratory was very helpful in the preliminary detection of nine serotypes of enteropathogenic E. coli. Salmonellae were isolated from 85 patients, Shigellae from 88 and one of the nine serotypes of enteropathogenic E. coli from each of 188 patients. Seventeen serotypes of Salmonella were isolated from 85 patients. Salmonella sp. (Type oranienburg) and Sal. typhimurium were isolated most frequently. Shigellae were isolated from a total of 88 patients; Sh. sonnei from 53 and five serotypes of Sh. flexneri from 35 patients. One of the nine serotypes of enteropathogenic E. coli was isolated from each of 188 patients. E. coli 055:B5 was detected in cultures from 63 patients and was detected most frequently. E. coli 0111:B4, 0126:B16 and 026:B6 were found next most frequently. Of the 361 patients from whom Salmonella, Shigella or enteropathogenic E. coli were isolated, rectal swab cultures were obtained at the time of admission from 317. Of these, 287 (91%) were positive. The incidence of diarrhea in the three groups was comparable: 95% of the patients from whom Salmonellae were isolated, 98% of patients from whom Shigellae were isolated and 92% of patients harboring enteropathogenic E. coli. Infections due to Salmonella or enteropathogenic E. coli were more frequent in the first year of life and infections due to Shigella occurred more frequently in the second year of life. The majority of patients with diarrhea and with rectal swab cultures negative for Salmonella, Shigella and enteropathogenic E. coli were in the first year of life. The incidence of Salmonella infections did not show any seasonal predominance; the Shigella infections were most frequent in September and October and the enteropathogenic E. coli infections in November and October. The highest incidence of diarrheal infections among patients whose rectal swab cultures were negative for these three groups of bacteria occurred in December and January of each of the 2 years of this study. The incidence of enteropathogenic E. coli infections exceeded those due to Shigella or Salmonella during 15 of the 24 months of this study. Sporadic infections due to these three groups of bacteria occurred throughout the 2-year period. Successive and/or multiple infections with Salmonella, Shigella or enteropathogenic E. coli occurred in 15 paients. Infection with one serotype of enteropathogenic E. coli did not protect seven patients from subsequent infection with another serotype. The convalescent carrier rate was 36.6% for the patients with Salmonella infections, 2.6% for those with Shigella infections and 8.3% for those from whom enteropathogenic E. coli had been isolated. The mortality rate was 1.2% among patients with Salmonella infections and 1.6% among the patients from whom enteropathogenic E. coli had been isolated. None of the patients with Shigella infections died. The large number of patients, 889, with diarrhea and with rectal swab cultures negative for Salmonella, Shigella and enteropathogenic E. coli indicates a need for continued investigation into the etiology of diarrhea in infants and young children.

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How Young Children Treat Objects and People: An Empirical Study of the First Year of Life in Autism

Child Psychiatry & Human Development ◽

10.1007/s10578-005-2695-x ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 383-396 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

Sandra Maestro ◽

Filippo Muratori ◽

Maria Cristina Cavallaro ◽

Chiara Pecini ◽

Alessia Cesari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Empirical Study ◽

First Year ◽

First Year Of Life

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Atopic dermatitis prevalence in population of Moscow 1-year old children

Rossiiskii Allergologicheskii ZHurnal ◽

10.36691/rja513 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 39-43

Author(s):

M S Geneva ◽

D B Munblit ◽

E I Ermolaeva ◽

A K Pampura

Keyword(s):

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Diagnostic Criteria ◽

Skin Rash ◽

Maternity Hospital ◽

First Year ◽

Skin Reactions ◽

Number Of Children ◽

One Year ◽

The Uk ◽

First Year Of Life

Background. Atopic dermatitis (AD) prevalence may be compared in cohorts evaluated with standardized questionnaires. The prevalence of AD in Russia with the UK Working Party’s Diagnostic Criteria for Atopic Dermatitis was not tested yet. Objective. To estimate AD prevalence in a population of Moscow 1-year old children with the UK Working Party’s Diagnostic Criteria for Atopic Dermatitis Methods. A population cohort of 393 children was recruited in Postnatal Department of Moscow No.1 Maternity Hospital in 2011. One year later 363 mothers (92,4%) were questioned with the UK Working Party’s Diagnostic Criteria for Atopic Dermatitis. Cheeks/body hyperemia and/or skin rash were also estimated in 365 families in connection with food intake by a child or by his mother during breastfeeding. Sensitization at the age of one was investigated in 130 children. Results. The UK Working Party’s Diagnostic Criteria for Atopic Dermatitis diagnosed AD in 2,2% children (8 of 363). One or more episode of cheeks/body hyperemia and/or skin rash during the first year of life was in 45,75%. 5,38% of children were sensitized. Conclusion. A few amount of one year old children Moscow population is diagnosed with AD according to the UK Working Party’s Diagnostic Criteria for Atopic Dermatitis, especially in compare to the number of children with skin reactions to the dietary intake.

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Genomewide Association Analysis of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Mice

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.00584-09 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 84 (5) ◽

pp. 2257-2269 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

James M. Stark ◽

M. Michael Barmada ◽

Abby V. Winterberg ◽

Nilanjana Majumber ◽

William J. Gibbons ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Respiratory Morbidity ◽

First Year ◽

Transmembrane Conductance Regulator ◽

Rsv Infection ◽

Proximal Mouse ◽

Trait Locus ◽

Syncytial Virus ◽

First Year Of Life

ABSTRACT Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants, with about half being infected in their first year of life. Yet only 2 to 3% of infants are hospitalized for RSV infection, suggesting that individual susceptibility contributes to disease severity. Previously, we determined that AKR/J (susceptible) mice developed high lung RSV titers and showed delayed weight recovery, whereas C57BL/6J (resistant) mice demonstrated low lung RSV titers and rapid weight recovery. In addition, we have reported that gene-targeted mice lacking the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (Cftr; ATP-binding cassette subfamily C, member 7) are susceptible to RSV infection. For this report, recombinant backcross and F2 progeny derived from C57BL/6J and AKR/J mice were infected with RSV, their lung titers were measured, and quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was performed. A major QTL, designated Rsvs1, was identified on proximal mouse chromosome 6 in both recombinant populations. Microarray analysis comparing lung transcripts of the parental strains during infection identified several candidate genes that mapped to the Rsvs1 interval, including Cftr. These findings add to our understanding of individual RSV susceptibility and strongly support a modifier role for CFTR in RSV infection, a significant cause of respiratory morbidity in infants with cystic fibrosis.

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Role and sources of protein in the nutrition of young children

Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health ◽

10.32364/2618-8430-2021-4-1-65-69 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 65-69

Author(s):

E.A. Pyr’eva ◽

◽

A.I. Safronova ◽

E.A. Netunaeva ◽

M.I. Timoshina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Quantitative Composition ◽

First Year ◽

International Studies ◽

Food Protein ◽

Supplementary Food ◽

Health And Development ◽

First Year Of Life

This paper discusses the introduction of complementary feeding considering the novel data on its role in ensuring the health and development of a child. One of the most controversial issues is protein intake that significantly changes both quantitatively and qualitatively after introducing supplementary food. Excessive protein intake is associated with metabolic load and growth acceleration that is considered the predictor of overweight and obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes. The importance of meat puree in the first year of life (also from the perspective of optimizing nutrition to achieve adequate zinc and iron levels) is highlighted. Domestic and international studies on the effects of proteins of various origins (meat, milk, etc.) on growth and the risk of obesity are addressed. The importance of qualitative rather than quantitative composition of consumed protein is emphasized. KEYWORDS: young children, supplementary food, protein, meat, growth, insulin-like growth factor. FOR CITATION: Pyr’eva E.A., Safronova A.I., Netunaeva E.A., Timoshina M.I. Role and sources of protein in the nutrition of young children. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2021;4(1):65–69. DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2021-4-1-65-69.

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