scholarly journals CHANGES IN SUBSTITUTION OF BANK LOANS AND EU SUBSIDIES IN POLISH BUSINESSES

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
Paulina Filip
Keyword(s):  
Logit Model ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
State Aid ◽  
The State ◽  
Bank Loans ◽  
Bank Loan ◽  
Statistical Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
And Performance

The aim of the article was to determine the degree of bank loan replacement by Polish businesses after profiting from EU help. The identification of similarities and differences was made amonggroups of enterprises that benefit or not from the state aid in the EU’s successive financial perspectives, over the years 2007-2017. Changes in companies’ assets and performance, andvariables referring to the financial effectiveness, were analyzed. The logit model was used in order to define characteristics that have influence on the significance of determinants of financing withpublic subsidies. The cross-sectional nature of data allows for identification of a positive statistical relationship between subsidies and bank loans in medium-sized enterprises. In the course of the study it was established that companies receiving the state aid reduced their share of bank credits on balance sheet totals, as well as indebtedness in total. Over a period of time, thesubsidizing has increased the importance and scope of using bank loans. State aid resources were used as a complementary source of capital for enterprises.

scholarly journals Are bank loans to SMEs procyclical? Evidence from an analysis of the lending behavior of Korean banks

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Yong Seo
Keyword(s):  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Generalized Least Squares ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Bank Loans ◽  
Bank Loan ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Lending Behavior

This paper investigates the procyclicality of bank loans to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and to Large Enterprises (LEs) using aggregated and cross-sectional data from major private, foreign, and state-owned banks in Korea in the period from 1999 to 2008. Based on previous studies, it is hypothesized that compared to LEs, banks loans to SMEs may be more vulnerable to external economic shock. Berger and Udell (1994) suggested that bank loans to SMEs are comparatively risky due to their relatively low collateral and heavy dependence on banks for raising funds. In this study, empirical tests are verified by applying the rolling vector error correction Model (VECM), panel generalized least squares model (GLS), and the Clustering Fixed Effect Model. Findings include robust support for the procyclicality of bank loan to SMEs, but not for LEs. The review of short-term dynamics among first differential variables such as loans and GDP provides evidence to support a related hypotheses: the profit-oriented motivation of commercial banks in enhancing relationships with SMEs, the characteristics of governance structure in three types of banks (private, state-owned, and foreign owned banks), and the large-bank barriers assumption.

scholarly journals Improving the Micro-Level Financial Planning through Complementary Targeting

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (520) ◽  
pp. 365-370
Author(s):  
I. V. Morhachov ◽  
◽  
I. I. Ovcharenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Planning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Bank Loans ◽  
Bank Loan ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Tax Payments ◽  
High Level ◽  
Commercial Organizations

The article concretizes dominance of targeting as a phenomenon for keeping inflation at the macro-level, and to improve advertising activities at the micro level. The success of the relevant instrument in anti-inflation and advertising policies actualizes the possibility of targeting key financial indicators of the organization that are important for its owners and financial administration, but are often overlooked on the part of its managers. The article closer defines the theoretical provisions for improving financial planning at the micro level by introducing complimentary targeting in the activities of commercial organizations. An algorithm and a key indicator are proposed, which be the «target» of the corresponding targeting. As such an indicator, the profitability of assets is substantiated, the target value of which in quantitative parameters should exceed the price of using bank loans. It is determined that in modern conditions with regard to commercial organizations in Ukraine, the profitability of assets should be equal to or exceeding 30%. Appropriate targeting at the micro-level is substantiated as a tool for smoothing and harmonization of contradictions between owners of large-scale commercial organizations and their managers of both the medium and the senior level. Ignoring the rule of necessity of exceeding the profitability of assets over bank loan rates is identified in the activities of a number of public joint stock companies that are leaders in terms of tax payments in Ukraine. In addition, the prevalence of the practice of using bank loans by relevant public joint stock companies, even with a «strong» balance sheet and a high level of liquidity and solvency, is specified. The dominance of the use of bank loans in the activities of leading industrial enterprises in the country instead of issuing their own bonds in the absence of exceeding the profitability of the assets of these enterprises over the price of bank loans indicates the underdevelopment of the domestic stock market and further increases the level of relevance of the targeting of the asset profitability indicator.

Discretionary Accruals in Italian Private Firms and Non-Linear Bank Loan Granting

2017 ◽  
pp. 83-99
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Mafrolla ◽  
Viola Nobili
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Discretionary Accruals ◽  
Bank Loans ◽  
Bank Loan ◽  
Banking Union ◽  
Private Firms ◽  
European Banking Union

This paper investigates whether and at what extent private firms reduce the quality of their accruals in order to signal a better portrait to the bank and obtain new or larger bank loans. We measure earnings discretionary accruals of a sample of Italian private firms, testing whether new and larger bank loans are associated with a higher (lower) quality of earnings in borrowers' financial reporting. We study bank loan levels and changes and how they impact discretionary accruals and found that, surprisingly, private firms' discretionary accruals are systematically positively affected by an increase in bank loans, although they are negatively affected by the credit worthiness rating assigned to the borrowers. We find that the monitoring role of the banking system with regard to the adoption of discretionary accruals is effective only when the loan is very large. This paper may have implications for policy-makers as it contributes to the understanding of the shortcomings of the banking regulatory system. This is an extremely relevant issue since the excessive amount of non-performing loans held by Italian banks recently threatened the stability of the European Banking Union as a whole.

Efficiency of pay for performance program on the brazilian judiciary

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Cláudio de Jesus-Silva ◽  
Antônio Luiz Marques ◽  
André Luiz Nunes Zogahib
Keyword(s):  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Pay For Performance ◽  
Field Research ◽  
The State ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Compensation Program ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

This article aims to examine the variable compensation program for performance implanted in the Brazilian Judiciary. For this purpose, a survey was conducted with the servers of the Court of Justice of the State of Roraima - Amazon - Brazil. The strategy consisted of field research with quantitative approach, with descriptive and explanatory research and conducting survey using a structured questionnaire, available through the INTERNET. The population surveyed, 37.79% is the sample. The results indicate the effectiveness of the program as a tool of motivation and performance improvement and also the need for some adjustments and improvements, especially on the perception of equity of the program and the distribution of rewards.

MODEL KUANTITATIF MANAJEMEN STRES KERJA DAN MOTIVASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KINERJA PETUGAS REKAM MEDIS DI RS ORTOPEDI PROF. DR. R. SOEHARSO SURAKARTA

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-156
Author(s):  
Laili Rahmatul Ilmi
Keyword(s):  
Stress Management ◽  
Work Stress ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Staff Performance ◽  
Bivariate Correlation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Management Work

Background: Workload may indirectly cause stress. The ability to manage work stress may affect staff’s motivation and performance. The staff performance will affect decision-making in improving the service quality. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between stress management, work motivation and work performance. Method: This was an analytic observational study with a cross sectional approach. A sample of 19 medical record staff, working at Prof. Dr. R Soeharso orthopedic hospital Surakarta, were selected for this study. A set of questionnaires were developed and administered to measure stress management, work motivation and work performance. Data were then analyzed with a bivariate correlation analysis. Results: There were statistically significant correlations between work stress management, work motivation and work performance. The ability to manage stress positively increased the motivation (r= 0,56; p= 0,013), as well as the work performance (r= 0,49; p= 0,036). Moreover, a higher motivation will lead to a higher performance (r= 0,42; p= 0,071). Conclusion: There were positive relationships between work stress management, work motivation and work performance. Key words: work stress management, motivation, performance.

Failure Analysis Due to Slightly Unetched Hard Mask Using Nano Probe

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong Hak Lee ◽  
Jong Eun Kim ◽  
Chang Su Park ◽  
Nam Il Kim ◽  
Jang Won Moon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leakage Current ◽  
Circuit Simulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Physical Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hard Mask ◽  
Current Flows ◽  
Voltage Contrast ◽  
The One ◽  
Zero Voltage

Abstract In this work, a slightly unetched gate hard mask failure was analyzed by nano probing. Although unetched hard mask failures are commonly detected from the cross sectional view with FIB or FIB-TEM and planar view with the voltage contrast, in this case of the very slightly unetched hard mask, it was difficult to find the defects within the failed area by physical analysis methods. FIB is useful due to its function of milling and checking from the one region to another region within the suspected area, but the defect, located under contact was very tiny. So, it could not be detected in the tilted-view of the FIB. However, the state of the failure could be understood from the electrical analysis using a nano probe due to its ability to probe contact nodes across the fail area. Among the transistors in the fail area, one transistor’s characteristics showed higher leakage current and lower ON current than expected. After physical analysis, slightly remained hard mask was detected by TEM. Chemical processing was followed to determine the gate electrode (WSi2) connection to tungsten contact. It was also proven that when gate is floated, more leakage current flows compared to the state that the zero voltage is applied to the gate. This was not verified by circuit simulation due to the floating nodes.

Frequency of Neck and Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Disorders in Dentists

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-211
Author(s):  
Sidra Sarwar ◽  
Sara Khalid ◽  
Tahir Mahmood ◽  
Hadeeqa Jabeen ◽  
Shahid Imran
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Hospital ◽  
Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
And Performance

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are not only becoming prevalent among health care professionals in our country but are affecting their health and performance adversely. They are caused by poor ergonomics and awkward posture during work activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of neck and upper limb musculoskeletal disorders in dentists of Lahore, Pakistan. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted during October 2017 to March 2018. The data was collected using convenient sampling technique from 162 Dentists including 52 males and 110 females of Children hospital Lahore, Punjab Dental hospital and Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore. Data was collected by using Mangalore Questionnaire for identification of musculoskeletal disorders. Descriptive analysis of the data was done using SPSS version 22.0. Results: Of 162 dentists, 115 (71%) suffered from musculoskeletal disorders. Shoulder was the most commonly affected region (30.9%) followed by neck (25.9%), arm (6.2%), wrist (4.3%), elbow (3.1%) and forearm (0.6%). Pain (45.7%) was found to be the most common complaint followed by muscle weakness (20.4%), paraesthesia (3.7%) and swelling (1.2%). Conclusions: It was concluded that majority of the dentists were suffering from musculoskeletal disorders with shoulder as the most affected region and pain as the most frequent complaint. Key words: Dentists, Musculoskeletal disorders, Neck pain, Upper extremity

Standing in State Aid Cases: What’s the State of Play?

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
K. Jürimäe
Keyword(s):  
State Aid ◽  
The State
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document