scholarly journals Wydajność pracy i koncentracja produkcji w polskim przemyśle spożywczym na tle krajów UE-28

2018 ◽  
Vol 18(33) (1) ◽  
pp. 299-308
Author(s):  
Mirosława Tereszczuk ◽  
Robert Mroczek
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Compound Interest ◽  
The Eu

The aim of this study was to show changes in labor productivity and concentration of production in the Polish food industry against the background of European Union countries and the indication of the causes (factors) which caused these changes. Poland's accession to the European Union has proved beneficial for the development of the Polish food industry. The dynamic development of production in this sector after 2004 has been accompanied by improved labor productivity, which is one of the main determinants of a company's competitiveness in the market. The assessment of changes in labor productivity was made at current prices, as well as at comparable prices, taking into account the purchasing power of currencies of individual member states. The method of compound interest was used to determine the average annual changes. In the years 2004-2014, labor productivity measured by the value of sold production increased in the Polish food industry (in comparable prices) from 141.2 to 225.3 thousand Euro/employee and was only about 10 percentage points lower than the EU-28 average. Importantly, productivity growth has occurred, although to a varying extent, in all sectors of the food industry in Poland. In the analyzed period, the number of food processing enterprises decreased in most EU-28 countries and the concentration of food production increased. Such changes have occurred in the largest EU-28 food producers, to which Poland is also counted.

Migration, Social Protection, and the (Re)Production of Inequalities in the European Union

2018 ◽  
pp. 134-153
Author(s):  
Thomas Faist
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Transnational Social Space ◽  
The Eu

Europe, and the European Union in particular, can be conceived as a transnational social space with a high degree of transactions across borders of member states. The question is how efforts to provide social protection for cross-border migrants in the EU reinforce existing inequalities (e.g. between regions or within households), and lead to new types of inequalities (e.g. stratification of labour markets). Social protection in the EU falls predominantly under the purview of individual member states; hence, frictions between different state-operated protection systems and social protection in small groups are particularly apparent in the case of cross-border flows of people and resources. Chapter 5 examines in detail the general social mechanisms operative in cross-border forms of social protection, in particular, exclusion, opportunity hoarding, hierarchization, and exploitation, and also more concrete mechanisms which need to be constructed bottom-up.

Politics in the European Union

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Bache ◽  
Simon Bulmer ◽  
Stephen George ◽  
Owen Parker
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eurozone Crisis ◽  
Member States ◽  
Treaty Of Lisbon ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Eu

Politics in the European Union examines the theory, history, institutions, and policies of the European Union. The EU is a unique, complex, and ever-changing political entity which continues to shape both international politics and the politics of its individual member states. The text provides a clear analysis of the organization and presents a well-rounded introduction to the subject. Complete and detailed in its coverage, with a consolidated and updated history section, this text weaves together material on key contemporary concerns including the eurozone crisis and the implementation of the Treaty of Lisbon with a thorough consideration of the workings and remit of the EU.

Legal aspects of protection of the financial interests of the European Union

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 121-134
Author(s):  
Marta Miedzińska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
National Level ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Financial Interests ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scope Of Protection ◽  
The Eu

The foundations and the operating framework of the institutions of the European Union and its Member States are determined by legal acts established at the EU level. The legal bases at the EU level contain key standards in the scope of protection of the financial interests of the European Union and are the main determinants for the individual EU countries when their legal institutions create legal bases at the national level. The aim of this article is to present the main legal basis for the protection of the financial interests of the European Union at the EU level, which will help to examine the impact of these provisions on detecting irregularities and fraud in the EU.

scholarly journals Why withdrawal from the European Union is undemocratic

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Vincents Olsen ◽  
Christian F. Rostbøll
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Member State ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Status ◽  
Political Units ◽  
Article 50 ◽  
The Eu

The Lisbon Treaty from 2009 introduced the possibility for individual member states to withdraw from the European Union (EU) on the basis of a unilateral decision. In June 2016 the United Kingdom decided to leave the EU invoking article 50 of the treaty. But is withdrawal democratically legitimate? In fact, the all-affected principle suggests that it is undemocratic for subunits to leave larger political units when it adversely affects other citizens without including them in the decision. However, it is unclear what the currency of this affectedness is and, hence, why withdrawal would be undemocratic. We argue that it is the effect of withdrawal on the status of citizens as free and equal that is decisive and that explains why unilateral withdrawal of subunits from larger units is democratically illegitimate. Moreover, on the ‘all-affected status principle’ that we develop, even multilaterally agreed withdrawal is undemocratic because the latter diminishes the future ability of citizens to make decisions together regarding issues that affect their status as free and equal. On this basis, we conclude that it is undemocratic for a member state such as the United Kingdom to withdraw from the EU.

scholarly journals MILK PRICES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION BY 2025 AND PROJECTION OF THE PROFITABILITY OF MILK PRODUCTION IN POLAND IN 2020

AGROFOR ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldona SKARŻYNSKA ◽  
Konrad JABŁOŃSKI
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Eu

In Europe, more than 70% of milk production falls on the European Unioncountries. Among the largest milk producers in the EU, Poland ranks fourth. Theabolition of quotas for milk production and increase in supply to the marketcontributed to the decline in milk prices. The aim of the study is to determine theimpact of the rate of change in prices of agricultural inputs and changes in milkyield of cows and milk prices on the profitability of milk production in Polandprojected for 2020. The sample consisted of 169 farms which in 2014-2015 kept anaverage of 27 cows. In 2015, the index of the profitability of milk productionamounted to 130.7%, and in comparison to 2014 it decreased by 18.4 percentagepoint. The results projection for 2020 show an improvement in milk yield of cows(by 12.4%) and milk prices (by 15.4%). Stronger growth in the revenues (by29.1%) than the cost of keeping cows (by 15.5%) will stimulate the improvementof economic results. The index of the profitability of milk production will increaseby 15.4 percentage points, and income per cow by 73.3%. This means that it willbe at a level similar to 2014. Research shows that fluctuations in selling prices ofmilk are possible (+/-8.7%). Despite this, the milk production will continue to beprofitable. Results of this study are consistent with the projection of the EuropeanCommission, which provides for an increase in milk prices and milk production inthe EU.

scholarly journals Consumer legal protection in the EU

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 01013
Author(s):  
Mária Dzúrová
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Consumer Safety ◽  
The World ◽  
The Eu

Consumer protection is a very wide-ranging issue and needs to be given due attention. It concerns the safety of consumers in the environment of individual countries of the world, it concerns the consumer safety of certain groups, such as the European Union. The basic frameworks of consumer protection are set by the guidelines of world organizations - the UN, WHO, but also the European Union and individual member states. In the area of consumer protection, attention is paid to major health problems caused by unsuitable food, such as food scandals, various types of diseases - mad cow disease, swine fever, covid 19.

Assessing the Evaluation of the EC Data Retention Directive

2012 ◽  
pp. 67-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nóra Ní Loideain
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Member State ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Data Retention ◽  
Serious Crime ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
The Eu

The focus of this chapter is the first evaluation of European legislation designed to harmonise domestic laws on the retention of telecommunications data for the purpose of assisting law enforcement efforts. The European Union introduced the EC Data Retention Directive in 2006. This Directive requires the retention of every European citizen’s communications data for up to two years for the purpose of investigation, detection, and prosecution of serious crime, as defined by each Member State in their domestic legislation. The Directive was the source of considerable unease amongst legislators, Data Protection authorities, and the private sector. This chapter analyses the results provided in this evaluation on the use and operation of the Directive by individual Member States of the EU.

THE PROBLEM OF THE EU INTEGRATION OF THE BALKAN COUNTRIES AND THE EU ENLARGEMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF THE VALUE MODEL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

2021 ◽  
pp. 176-193
Author(s):  
Svetlana Knyazeva
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Eu Enlargement ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Balkan Countries ◽  
The Eu

The article examines a wide range of the problems associated with the boundless enlargement of the European Union which makes it possible to place the Balkans in the context of general European development. To become a member of the EU is the important goal of the post-socialist countries of the Balkans/South-Eastern Europe. Bulgaria, Romania, and the post-Yugoslavian states of Slovenia and Croatia became full members of the EU. Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Albania are still at different stages of integration into the European community. This accession is the logical completion of the processes of social, political, economic and legal transformation of the Balkan countries, in which they themselves and the European Union as a whole and its individual member states are interested for reasons of geopolitics and geoeconomics. However, the accession to Europe (or the return to Europe) of the Balkan states with their authoritarian and socialist past includes not only the reform of the economic, political and legal systems, but also a change in value orientations. While in the states of the so-called «founding fathers» of the EU a Western European corporate civic identity is being formed, in the countries of the former Eastern Europe and the Balkan region, ethnic identity remains remains largely in the mainstream of public consciousness. The author examines axiological, ideological and psychological aspects of the accession of post-socialist countries to the EU, and also analyzes specific foreign policy problems associated with this process and the role of regional international organizations in the «europeanization» of the Balkans and in the settlement of ethnic and interstate conflicts in the region that still remain acute. Negative tendencies, first of all - the strengthening of populist sentiments and the coming to power of politicians reflecting these sentiments, pose challenges and threats not only to the European Union, but also to Russia.

Przezwyciężanie kryzysu poprzez poszerzanie zakresu przedmiotowego udziału grup biznesu w podejmowaniu i realizacji decyzji w UE

2015 ◽  
pp. 10-24
Author(s):  
Jarosław Filip Czub
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Business Groups ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Legislative Changes ◽  
The Eu

The economic crisis in the European Union is one of the key factors hampering economic development in both individual Member States and the EU as a whole. Entities that may play a significant role in overcoming the crisis are business groups operating at the level of the European Union. Therefore, the author of the article attempted to explore the phenomenon of the functioning of business groups under the conditions of crisis. The article describes a functioning of interest groups during the crisis, including their ability to influence the decision-making process and ongoing legislative changes in the EU law, which could impact the process of overcoming the crisis in the EU in the future. The article also includes an analysis of the functions performed by business groups during a crisis, as well as guidelines and conclusions showing ways to foster the activity of business groups under the conditions of crisis.

European Union policy-making towards Mercosur

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arantza Gomez Arana
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Union Policy ◽  
Internal System ◽  
External Relations ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Eu

The European Union (EU) is not a state and is not a traditional International Organization. It is common to characterize it as a hybrid system with a federal component. Since nothing comparable to this exists at this point, understanding the internal system of the EU is crucial. In addition to outlining the internal policy-making of the EU, it is also important to understand the internal system of the Mercosur, particularly given that the Mercosur has tried to replicate the institutional design of the EU. Since its creation in 1957 with the Treaty of Rome, the EU has changed dramatically in a variety of ways in a short period of time. The discussion will examine these changes in relation to the period between 1985 and 2007. In addition to analysing the changes in policy-making over this period of the time it is also important to note that the number of EU member states has quadruplicated since it was created in 1957. It could be argued that this has resulted in a decline in the amount of power held by each individual member state. In 1986 Spain and, to a lesser extent, Portugal brought a Mediterranean influence into EU politics. This was later balanced out by further enlargement in 1995 which saw Austria, Finland and Sweden joining the EU. However, the single largest enlargement in the history of the EU took place in 2004 when 10 Central and Eastern Europe countries became EU members. Prior to 2004, this issue was the main focus of the EU external relations since 1989 until it came into effect in 2004. The end of the Cold War and the breakup of the Soviet Union into several independent republics absorbed EU external relations to the point that it had an effect on other external relations, including external relations with Latin America. The enlargement of the EU in 2007 is not discussed in any detail here because it did not have an impact on the EU policy towards Mercosur.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document