scholarly journals Light intensity influences variations in the structural and physiological traits in the leaves of Iris pumila L.

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1099-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Vuleta ◽  
Sanja Manitasevic-Jovanovic ◽  
Branka Tucic
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Ambient Light ◽  
Exposed Site ◽  
Iris Pumila ◽  
Shade Leaves

Ambient light significantly influences the structural and physiological characteristics of Iris pumila leaves. A random sample of Iris clones native to an exposed site at the Deliblato Sands, Serbia was partially covered with a neutral screen that transmitted 35% of daylight, so that each clone experienced reduced and full sunlight at the same time. The sun-exposed leaves were significantly thicker, had greater stomatal density, exhibited higher lipid peroxidation, increased activities of SOD, APX, CAT enzymes and higher contents of non-enzymatic antioxidants (anthocyanins and phenols) and water deficit relative to shade-leaves. The activities of GR, GPX, and GST enzymes was unaffected by the irradiance level.

scholarly journals Pattern of plasticity to irradiance levels and genotypic correlations between structural and physiological leaf traits in Iris pumila

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 655-660
Author(s):  
Ana Vuleta ◽  
Sanja Manitasevic-Jovanovic ◽  
Branka Tucic
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plasticity Index ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Correlation Matrices ◽  
Full Sunlight ◽  
Iris Pumila ◽  
Genotypic Correlations

Plasticity to irradiance and genotypic correlations between structural and physiological leaf traits in Iris pumila were investigated in an experiment conducted at a sun-exposed dune habitat in the Deliblato Sands. A sample of six native, genetically different clones were covered with a neutral screen which transmitted ~35% of daylight, so that one clone-half of each clone experienced reduced sunlight, while the other one full sunlight. LMA, stomatal density, ?leaf, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and lipid peroxidation were determined in unshaded and shaded leaves of the same clone. It was found that the plasticity index, PIv was higher for physiological than for structural traits. Genotypic correlations between trait pairs were high, but rarely significant, in contrast to the correlation matrices which were significantly different between unshaded and shaded leaves.

scholarly journals Effect of Light on the Photosynthesis, Pigment Content and Stomatal Density of Sun and Shade Leaves of Vernonia Amygdalina

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.30) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisha Idris ◽  
Alona C. Linatoc ◽  
Aisha M. Aliyu ◽  
Surayya M. Muhammad ◽  
Mohd Fadzelly Bin Abu Bakar
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Sun And Shade Leaves ◽  
Sun And Shade ◽  
Shade Leaves ◽  
Sun Leaves ◽  
Effect Of Light

Light affects the growth and development of plants by influencing the physical appearance of one leaf as well as the appearance of the whole plant. Plant photosynthesis, stomata density, and pigment contents are all influenced by light The objective of this research is to determine the effect of light on the photosynthesis, pigment content and stomatal density of Sun and Shade Leaves of Vernonia amygdalina. Gas exchange was measured using Li-6400 and the data obtained was used to create a light response curve where parameters including light saturation point (LSP), light compensation point (LCP) and apparent quantum yield were estimated. Photosynthetic pigment were quantified spectrophotometrically.  Moreover, the stomatal density was counted under light microscope, after making a nail polish impression of the leaf. The results discovered shows that as the light intensity increases, the gas exchange and stomatal density increases while the photosynthetic pigment of the studied plant decreases (P<0.05). In addition, LSP and LCP increases with increasing light intensity. Besides, statistically significant negative correlation (P<0.05) was achieved among stomatal density and transpiration rate thereby leading to a conclusion that sun leaves of Vernonia amygdalina contribute the highest assimilation rate to the plant than shade leaves. Yet, the higher stomatal density of sun leaves provides water saving to the plant.

New Automatic Solar Tracker with High Precision

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 683-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Ju Sui ◽  
Zhi Bo Wang ◽  
Kai Yuan Yao ◽  
Tian Qi Li ◽  
Hua Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Ambient Light ◽  
Solar Tracker

A new solar tracker is designed and tested. The solar tracker is an all-weather solar machine aiming at the sun automatically with high precision. An embedded CPU is used as the control unit, calculating the position of the sun according to geography. Two light intensity detecting chips are used; one of them is to measure the ambient light intensity while the other is to check whether the tracker is directed to the sun well. The result of the first chip determines whether the second chip will be put into use. In this way it is guaranteed that the tracker operates well either with sufficient ambient light or not. Two step motors are used to drive the solar energy collector. The solar tracker has been produced and tested, showing satisfying tracking effect.

Trans-resveratrol supplement lowers lipid peroxidation responses of exercise in male Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Nasiri ◽  
Saja Ahmadizad ◽  
Mehdi Hedayati ◽  
Tayebe Zarekar ◽  
Mehdi Seydyousefi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Acute Response ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
And Control

Abstract. Physical exercise increases free radicals production; antioxidant supplementation may improve the muscle fiber’s ability to scavenge ROS and protect muscles against exercise-induced oxidative damage. This study was designed to examine the effects of all-trans resveratrol supplementation as an antioxidant to mediate anti-oxidation and lipid per-oxidation responses to exercise in male Wistar rats. Sixty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal number (n = 16) including training + supplement (TS), training (T), supplement (S) and control (C) group. The rats in TS and S groups received a dose of 10 mg/kg resveratrol per day via gavage. The training groups ran on a rodent treadmill 5 times per week at the speed of 10 m/min for 10 min; the speed gradually increased to 30 m/min for 60 minutes at the end of 12th week. The acute phase of exercise protocol included a speed of 25 m/min set to an inclination of 10° to the exhaustion point. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) activity, non-enzymatic antioxidants bilirubin, uric acid, lipid peroxidation levels (MDA) and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured after the exercise termination. The data were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA. The result showed that endurance training caused a significant increase in MDA level [4.5 ± 0.75 (C group) vs. 5.9 ± 0.41 nmol/l (T group)] whereas it decreased the total antioxidant capacity [8.5 ± 1.35 (C group) vs. 7.1 ± 0.55 mmol/l (T group)] (p = 0.001). In addition, GPx and CAT decreased but not significantly (p > 0.05). The training and t-resveratrol supplementation had no significant effect on the acute response of all variables except MDA [4.3 ± 1.4 (C group) vs. 4.0 ± 0.90 nmol/l (TS group)] (p = 0.001) and TAC [8.5 ± 0.90 (C group) vs. 6.6 ± 0.80 mmol/l (TS group)] (p = 0.004). It was concluded that resveratrol supplementation may prevent exercise-induced oxidative stress by preventing lipid peroxidation.

scholarly journals Biochemical Studies on Phenylhydrazine Induced Experimental Anemic Albino Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Nirjala Laxmi Madhikarmi ◽  
Kora Rudraiah Siddalinga Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxide ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

INTRODUCTION: The present study evaluated the modulatory effects of diphenylhydrazine induced experimental wistar albino rats and also to assess various biochemical parameters in whole blood and red blood cell lysate.MATERIALAND METHODS: Twenty male albino rats weighing 180-200 gm were selected for the study and divided in two groups; ten phenylhydrazine dihydrochloride (PHZ) induced anemia and ten healthy control. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and lipid hydroperoxide were measured as lipid peroxidation parameter. The antioxidant vitamins A, C and E and enzymatic antioxidants; catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were also assessed.RESULTS: Phenylhydrazine induced anemic rats showed a significant increase in the lipid peroxidation and decrease in the antioxidants as compared to healthy rats.CONCLUSION: The study concludes that phenylhydrazine induced experimental anemic albino rats showed increased oxidative stress than compared with healthy albino rats.Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences Vol. 3, No. 1, 2015: 41-47 

Ambient light intensity and direction determine relative attractiveness of yellow traps toRhagoletis indifferens(Diptera: Tephritidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 147 (6) ◽  
pp. 776-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.L. Yee
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Ambient Light ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Yellow Traps ◽  
Relative Attractiveness ◽  
Variable Light ◽  
Sunlight Intensity ◽  
Trap Placement ◽  
Tephritid Fruit Flies

AbstractUnderstanding factors that influence attraction of tephritid fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) to objects can lead to development of more sensitive traps for fly detection. Here, the objective was to determine if differences in attractiveness between two sticky yellow rectangle traps to western cherry fruit fly,Rhagoletis indifferensCurran, depend on ambient light intensity and direction. The translucent plastic Yellow Sticky Strip (YSS) was compared with the less translucent yellow cardboard Alpha Scents (AS). Flies were released inside a box or cage opposite a trap or traps illuminated from outside at different intensities to generate variable light passage. Regardless of type, the trap with greatest light passage was most attractive. When the same light intensity was shone on both traps, the YSS, which allowed greater light passage, was more attractive than the AS. When the light was inside a cage and shone onto the two traps in the same direction as approaching flies, the AS reflected more light and was more attractive. A field experiment generally supported light passage effects seen in the laboratory. Results suggest trap placement with respect to sunlight intensity and direction affects light passage and the attractiveness of yellow traps toR. indifferens.

Effects of exposure on water relations and photosynthesis of western hemlock in habitat forms

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Keller ◽  
E. B. Tregunna
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Diffusion Resistance ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Evaporative Demand ◽  
Photosynthetic Rates ◽  
Water Vapour Diffusion ◽  
Vapour Diffusion

Measurements of relative turgidity, transpiration rates, and photosynthetic rates on sun-grown and shade-grown western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) were used to indicate effects of varying degrees of exposure.The sun-adapted form had low photosynthetic rates but maintained its water content under conditions of high evaporative demand. The shade-adapted form desiccated under exposed conditions, and in contrast with the sun-adapted form, its water vapour diffusion resistance decreased with increasing light intensity.

Attenuation of erythrocyte membrane oxidative stress bySesbania grandiflorain streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrabose Sureka ◽  
Thiyagarajan Ramesh ◽  
Vavamohaideen Hazeena Begum
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Erythrocyte Membrane ◽  
Osmotic Fragility ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Glycosylated Haemoglobin ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Protective Effects

The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of Sesbania grandiflora flower (SGF) extract on erythrocyte membrane in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Adult male albino rats of Wistar strain, weighing 190–220 g, were made diabetic by an intraperitonial administration of STZ (45 mg/kg). Normal and diabetic rats were treated with SGF, and diabetic rats were also treated with glibenclamide as drug control, for 45 days. In this study plasma insulin and haemoglobin levels were decreased and blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation markers, and osmotic fragility levels were increased in diabetic rats. Moreover, erythrocytes antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxide, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities and non-enzymatic antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E, reduced glutathione (GSH), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels were altered. Similarly, the activities of total ATPases, Na+/K+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, and Mg2+-ATPase were also decreased in the erythrocytes of diabetic rats. Administration of SGF to STZ-induced diabetic rats reduced blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin levels with increased levels of insulin and haemoglobin. Moreover, SGF reversed the protein and lipid peroxidation markers, osmotic fragility, membrane-bound ATPases activities, and antioxidant status in STZ-induced diabetic rats. These results suggest that SGF could provide a protective effect on diabetes by decreasing oxidative stress-associated diabetic complications.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF EMS ON ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME ACTIVITY AND OXIDATIVE STRESS OF TRITICUM AESTIVUM L. VAR HD-2894

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Shailja Dubey ◽  
Renu Bist ◽  
Shrilekha Misra
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Biochemical Parameter ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Functional Variation

Objective: Ethyl methano sulphonate (Ems), a chemical mutagen is widely used to induce a large number of functional variation in wheat plant. The objective of present study was to determine the activity of enzymatic antioxidants and Lipid peroxidation (LPO) after EMS exposure in a wheat plant in M1, M2 and M3 generation of Triticum aestivum L. var. HD 2894.Methods: Presoaked seeds were treated with EMS for 6 hour with different concentration like 0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5%. Some biochemical parameter such as Catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR) and Lipid peroxidation (LPO) were studied.Results: Our result showed that EMS affects enzymatic and oxidative parameters in all generation. CAT, GR, APX and LPO activity was found to be reduced in m1 generation as compared to control. A simultaneous elevation was recorded in the concentration of ems compared to control treated plants after given the exposure of ems in m2 and m3 generation. Data analysis of antioxidant and LPO during the m2 generation showed that the effect of the mutagen on the activity of antioxidant and LPO did not cease in the m1 but continued to affect the m2 generation. Analysis of m3 generation showed stability in the activity of antioxidant and LPO from m2 to m3 generation.Conclusion: Lethal dose of ems was determined by the activity of antioxidant under laboratory condition. In this experiment, quantitative determination was applied as a regular procedure. The data analysis showed the activity of antioxidant, LPO and doses of ems concentration in m1, m2 and m3 generation. Variability observed on the basis of mean and standard deviation. On the whole, differences between concentrations and treatment time of Ems significantly affect the activity of antioxidant and LPO in all generation. 

scholarly journals Effects of microhabitat on leaf traits in Digitalis grandiflora L. (Veronicaceae) growing at forest edge and interior

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 615-627
Author(s):  
J. Kołodziejek
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Leaf Mass Per Area ◽  
Forest Interior ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Shade Leaves

The morphological, anatomical and biochemical traits of the leaves of yellow foxglove (Digitalis grandiflora Mill.) from two microhabitats, forest interior (full shade under oak canopy) and forest edge (half shade near shrubs), were studied. The microhabitats differed in the mean levels of available light, but did not differ in soil moisture. The mean level of light in the forest edge microhabitat was significantly higher than in the forest interior. Multivariate ANOVA was used to test the effects of microhabitat. Comparison of the available light with soil moisture revealed that both factors significantly influenced the morphological and anatomical variables of D. grandiflora. Leaf area, mass, leaf mass per area (LMA), surface area per unit dry mass (SLA), density and thickness varied greatly between leaves exposed to different light regimes. Leaves that developed in the shade were larger and thinner and had a greater SLA than those that developed in the half shade. In contrast, at higher light irradiances, at the forest edge, leaves tended to be thicker, with higher LMA and density. Stomatal density was higher in the half-shade leaves than in the full-shade ones. LMA was correlated with leaf area and mass and to a lesser extent with thickness and density in the forest edge microsite. The considerable variations in leaf density and thickness recorded here confirm the very high variation in cell size and amounts of structural tissue within species. The leaf plasticity index (PI) was the highest for the morphological leaf traits as compared to the anatomical and biochemical ones. The nitrogen content was higher in the ?half-shade leaves? than in the ?shade leaves?. Denser leaves corresponded to lower nitrogen (N) contents. The leaves of plants from the forest edge had more potassium (K) than leaves of plants from the forest interior on an area basis but not on a dry mass basis; the reverse was true for phosphorus.

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