scholarly journals Biochemical Studies on Phenylhydrazine Induced Experimental Anemic Albino Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Nirjala Laxmi Madhikarmi ◽  
Kora Rudraiah Siddalinga Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxide ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

INTRODUCTION: The present study evaluated the modulatory effects of diphenylhydrazine induced experimental wistar albino rats and also to assess various biochemical parameters in whole blood and red blood cell lysate.MATERIALAND METHODS: Twenty male albino rats weighing 180-200 gm were selected for the study and divided in two groups; ten phenylhydrazine dihydrochloride (PHZ) induced anemia and ten healthy control. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and lipid hydroperoxide were measured as lipid peroxidation parameter. The antioxidant vitamins A, C and E and enzymatic antioxidants; catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were also assessed.RESULTS: Phenylhydrazine induced anemic rats showed a significant increase in the lipid peroxidation and decrease in the antioxidants as compared to healthy rats.CONCLUSION: The study concludes that phenylhydrazine induced experimental anemic albino rats showed increased oxidative stress than compared with healthy albino rats.Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences Vol. 3, No. 1, 2015: 41-47 

scholarly journals Lipid Peroxidation Activity and Phytochemical Constituents of Extract of Groundnut Peels

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Eneh Frank Uchenna ◽  
Ezeigwe Obiajulu Christian ◽  
Omeje Martha
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Living Tissues ◽  
Peel Extract

Aims: This study was designed to evaluate the phytochemical constituents and lipid peroxidation activities of extracts of two species of groundnut peels (Var-Hypogaea-Big and Var-vulgaris-Small). Study Design: Twenty-four (24) male wistar albino rats where randomized into four (4) groups of six (6) rats each. Group A was the baseline, Groups B and C were given feed formulated with 1% groundnut peel extract of Var-hypogaea and Var-vulgaris respectively, group D is the control group fed with a standard feed. Results: The phytochemical analysis was carried out using standard methods. Lipid peroxidation was determined by the thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARS) assay method. The phytochemical analysis revealed that the extract from the groundnut peels of Var-hypogaea-big contain alkaloids, tannins, saponnins, terpenoid, flavonoids phlobotannin, and glycosides. Also, the groundnut peel extracts of Var-vulgaris-small reveal the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponnins, terpenoid, flavonoids phlobotannin and glycosides. There was a significant (p<0.05) increase in the malondialdehyde level of the groups that were fed with the feed compounded with both species of the groundnut compared with the baseline and normal control. However, the malondialdehyde level of the group fed with var-vulgaris was higher than that of Var-hypogaea. Conclusion: These results suggest that the groundnut peel extract of Var-hypogaea and Var-vulgaris is capable of inducing lipid peroxidation in living tissues. The groundnut peel does not only serve as a covering to the groundnut seed but may also protect the seeds from the effect of pests since it exhibits lipid peroxidative activity.

scholarly journals “SUPPLEMENTATION OF ZINC IN ACUTE AND CHRONIC HEAT STRESS ON ANTIOXIDANT CHANGES IN WISTAR ALBINO RATS”

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-16
Author(s):  
Antony Madhuri Bedadala ◽  
Anthony David M
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Group A ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Group B

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Heat stress is a major health burden with potential health out-comes. Oxidative stress is a metabolic dysfunction that carries oxidative damage of cells and tissues. Zinc is a co-factor against oxidative stress. Aim: The present study was done to evaluate the Supplementation of zinc in acute and chronic heat stress on antioxidant changes in wistar albino rats. Methodology: 36 Wistar albino rats were selected for the study. They were divided into 2 Groups. Group A was acutely and Group B was chronically heat stressed rats and both were zinc pretreated. The Enzymatic and Non enzyme activity in them were estimated. Results: After acute and chronic heat stress, i) there was a significant increase (P <0.001) in lipid peroxidation activity. ii) Enzymatic and Non-enzymatic antioxidants were reduced (P < 0.001) iii) Rats pretreated with zinc showed a decrease (P< 0.001) in lipid peroxidation and increase (P < 0.001) in enzymatic antioxidants (P < 0.001) and Non enzymatic antioxidants. Key Words: antioxidants, heat stress, wistar albino rats

Attenuation of erythrocyte membrane oxidative stress bySesbania grandiflorain streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrabose Sureka ◽  
Thiyagarajan Ramesh ◽  
Vavamohaideen Hazeena Begum
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Erythrocyte Membrane ◽  
Osmotic Fragility ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Glycosylated Haemoglobin ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Protective Effects

The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of Sesbania grandiflora flower (SGF) extract on erythrocyte membrane in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Adult male albino rats of Wistar strain, weighing 190–220 g, were made diabetic by an intraperitonial administration of STZ (45 mg/kg). Normal and diabetic rats were treated with SGF, and diabetic rats were also treated with glibenclamide as drug control, for 45 days. In this study plasma insulin and haemoglobin levels were decreased and blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation markers, and osmotic fragility levels were increased in diabetic rats. Moreover, erythrocytes antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxide, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities and non-enzymatic antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E, reduced glutathione (GSH), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels were altered. Similarly, the activities of total ATPases, Na+/K+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, and Mg2+-ATPase were also decreased in the erythrocytes of diabetic rats. Administration of SGF to STZ-induced diabetic rats reduced blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin levels with increased levels of insulin and haemoglobin. Moreover, SGF reversed the protein and lipid peroxidation markers, osmotic fragility, membrane-bound ATPases activities, and antioxidant status in STZ-induced diabetic rats. These results suggest that SGF could provide a protective effect on diabetes by decreasing oxidative stress-associated diabetic complications.

scholarly journals Doxorubicin Toxicity can be Ameliorated during Antioxidant L-Carnitine Supplementation

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 428-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Othman A. Alshabanah ◽  
Mohamed M. Hafez ◽  
Mohamed M. Al-Harbi ◽  
Zeinab K. Hassan ◽  
Salim S. Al Rejaie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Carnitine Supplementation ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
High Cumulative Dose ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Doxorubicin is an antibiotic broadly used in treatment of different types of solid tumors. The present study investigates whether L-carnitine, antioxidant agent, can reduce the hepatic damage induced by doxorubicin. Male Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups: group 1 was intraperitoneal injected with normal saline for 10 consecutive days; group 2, 3 and 4 were injected every other day with doxorubicin (3 mg/kg, i.p.), to obtain treatments with cumulative doses of 6, 12 and 18 mg/kg. The fifth group was injected with L-carnitine (200 mg/kg, i.p.) for 10 consecutive days and the sixth group was received doxorubicin (18 mg/kg) and L-carnitine (200 mg/kg). High cumulative dose of doxorubicin (18 mg/kg) significantly increases the biochemical levels of alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs), total nitrate/nitrite (NOx) p < 0.05 and decrease in glutathione (GSH ), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHP x), glutathione-s-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT) activity p < 0.05. The effect of doxorubicin on the activity of antioxidant genes was confirmed by real time PCR in which the expression levels of these genes in liver tissue were significantly decrease compared to control p < 0.05. Interestingly, L-carnitine supplementation completely reversed the biochemical and gene expression levels induced by doxorubicin to the control values. In conclusion, data from this study suggest that the reduction of antioxidant defense during doxorubicin administration resulted in hepatic injury could be prevented by L-carnitine supplementation by decreasing the oxidative stress and preserving both the activity and gene expression level of antioxidant enzymes.

Bitter Melon Protects Against Lipid Peroxidation Caused by Immobilization Stress in Albino Rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaturvedi
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Immobilization Stress ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Cumene Hydroperoxide ◽  
Liver Homogenate ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Bitter Melon ◽  
Protective Effects

In the present study, protective effects of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) extract on lipid peroxidation induced by immobilization stress in rats have been assessed. Graded doses of extract (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg body weight) were administered orally to rats subjected to immobilization stress for two hours for seven consecutive days. Stress was applied by keeping the rats in a cage where no movement was possible. After seven days, rats were killed by decapitation after ether anesthesia. Blood and liver were collected to measure thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, reduced glutathione, and catalase. In vitro effects of M. charantia extract on lipid peroxidation in liver homogenate of normal, control, and rats pretreated with extract were carried out against cumene hydroperoxide-induced lipid peroxidation. Results reveal that in vivo M. charantia inhibited stress-induced lipid peroxidation by increasing the levels of reduced glutathione and activities of catalase. These results were further supported by in vitro results. In vitro inhibition of lipid peroxidation was indicated by low levels of thiobarbituric acid in the liver homogenate from pretreated rats and normal rats when incubated with both cumene hydroperoxide and extract. Inhibition was also noted in the homogenate where the rats were pretreated but the mixture contained no extract. Thus this plant provides protection by strengthening the antioxidants like reduced glutathione and catalase. Inclusion of this plant in the daily diet would be beneficial.

scholarly journals Thymoquinone Attenuates Diethylnitrosamine Induction of Hepatic Carcinogenesis Through Antioxidant Signaling

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed M. Sayed-Ahmed ◽  
Abdulaziz M. Aleisa ◽  
Salim S. Al-Rejaie ◽  
Abdulaziz A. Al-Yahya ◽  
Othman A. Al-Shabanah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Cancer Chemoprevention ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Hepatic Carcinogenesis ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Hepatocellular carcinoma accounts for about 80–90% of all liver cancer and is the fourth most common cause of cancer mortality. Although there are many strategies for the treatment of liver cancer, chemoprevention seems to be the best strategy for lowering the incidence of this disease. Therefore, this study has been initiated to investigate whether thymoquinone (TQ),Nigella sativaderived-compound with strong antioxidant properties, supplementation could prevent initiation of hepatocarcinogenesis-induced by diethylnitrosamine (DENA), a potent initiator and hepatocarcinogen, in rats. Male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups. Rats of Group 1 received a single intraperitoneal (I.P.) injection of normal saline. Animals in Group 2 were given TQ (4 mg/kg/day) in drinking water for 7 consecutive days. Rats of Group 3 were injected with a single dose of DENA (200 mg/kg, I.P.). Animals in Group 4 were received TQ and DENA. DENA significantly increased alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total nitrate/nitrite (NOx) and decreased reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) activity in liver tissues. Moreover, DENA decreased gene expression of GSHPx, GST and CAT and caused severe histopathological lesions in liver tissue. Interestingly, TQ supplementation completely reversed the biochemical and histopathological changes induced by DENA to the control values. In conclusion, data from this study suggest that: (1) decreased mRNA expression of GSHPx, CAT and GST during DENA-induced initiation of hepatic carcinogenesis, (2) TQ supplementation prevents the development of DENA-induced initiation of liver cancer by decreasing oxidative stress and preserving both the activity and mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes.

scholarly journals Plasma Lipid Peroxidation as a Marker for Seminal Oxidative Stress in Stallion

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 401
Author(s):  
Patricia Wolkmer ◽  
Andressa M. G. Stumm ◽  
Luiz F. K. Borges ◽  
Eduarda P. T. Ferreira ◽  
Bruna Favaretto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Semen Collection ◽  
Semen Storage ◽  
Plasma Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Catalase

This experiment aims to evaluate the correlation between lipid peroxidation levels in serum and seminal plasma in equines. Also, it investigates the lipid peroxidation in extended semen samples and its effects and sperm motility during a 72 hr refrigeration period. Blood and semen were collected from fertile Crioulo stallions. Serum and seminal plasma lipid peroxidation levels were analyzed by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) immediately after semen collection. After addition of extender (hour = 0), diluted semen was refrigerated and stored at 5 &deg;C. Semen analyses, TBARS and catalase activity were performed in extended semen at 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours. We noted that levels of plasma lipid peroxidation can be used as an indicative of seminal oxidative stress. Also, lipid peroxidation does not increase substantially during semen storage. Lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant enzyme catalase do not seem to be the major cause of loss and motility and consequently reduction in fertility in stallion semen during storage for 72 h at 5 &deg;C.

Oxypurinol administration fails to prevent free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation during loaded breathing

1999 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 1123-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Supinski ◽  
D. Nethery ◽  
D. Stofan ◽  
L. Szweda ◽  
A. DiMarco
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Fatigue Development ◽  
Loaded Breathing

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether it is possible to alter the development of fatigue and ablate free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation of the diaphragm during loaded breathing by administering oxypurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor. We studied 1) room-air-breathing decerebrate, unanesthetized rats given either saline or oxypurinol (50 mg/kg) and loaded with a large inspiratory resistance until airway pressure had fallen by 50% and 2) unloaded saline- and oxypurinol-treated room-air-breathing control animals. Additional sets of studies were performed with animals breathing 100% oxygen. Animals were killed at the conclusion of loading, and diaphragmatic samples were obtained for determination of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and assessment of in vitro force generation. We found that loading of saline-treated animals resulted in significant diaphragmatic fatigue and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances formation ( P < 0.01). Oxypurinol administration, however, failed to increase load trial time, reduce fatigue development, or prevent lipid peroxidation in either room-air-breathing or oxygen-breathing animals. These data suggest that xanthine oxidase-dependent pathways do not generate physiologically significant levels of free radicals during the type of inspiratory resistive loading examined in this study.

scholarly journals Gene expression in human small intestinal mucosa in vivo is mediated by iron-induced oxidative stress

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freddy J. Troost ◽  
Robert-Jan M. Brummer ◽  
Guido R. M. M. Haenen ◽  
Aalt Bast ◽  
Rachel I. van Haaften ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Oxidative Challenge ◽  
Gene Reporters

Iron-induced oxidative stress in the small intestine may alter gene expression in the intestinal mucosa. The present study aimed to determine which genes are mediated by an iron-induced oxidative challenge in the human small intestine. Eight healthy volunteers [22 yr(SD2)] were tested on two separate occasions in a randomized crossover design. After duodenal tissue sampling by gastroduodenoscopy, a perfusion catheter was inserted orogastrically to perfuse a 40-cm segment of the proximal small intestine with saline and, subsequently, with either 80 or 400 mg of iron as ferrous gluconate. After the intestinal perfusion, a second duodenal tissue sample was obtained. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, in intestinal fluid samples increased significantly and dose dependently at 30 min after the start of perfusion with 80 or 400 mg of iron, respectively ( P < 0.001). During the perfusion with 400 mg of iron, the increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances was accompanied by a significant, momentary rise in trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, an indicator of total antioxidant capacity ( P < 0.05). The expression of 89 gene reporters was significantly altered by both iron interventions. Functional mapping showed that both iron dosages mediated six distinct processes. Three of those processes involved G-protein receptor coupled pathways. The other processes were associated with cell cycle, complement activation, and calcium channels. Iron administration in the small intestine induced dose-dependent lipid peroxidation and a momentary antioxidant response in the lumen, mediated the expression of at least 89 individual gene reporters, and affected at least six biological processes.

Protective Role of Raphanus Sativus Root Extract on Paracetamol-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Albino Rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaturvedi ◽  
George ◽  
Machacha
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Serum Glutamate

The methanol extract of Raphanus sativus root extract showed a protective effect on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Degree of lipid peroxidation caused by paracetamol was measured in terms of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protection was measured in reference to serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate aspartate transaminase (SGPT), and blood and hepatic levels of antioxidants like glutathione and catalase. Administration of extract along with paracetamol showed significant protection. Levels of TBARS were found to be low, activities of SGOT and SGPT were low, while hepatic glutathione levels were significantly higher in experimental rats that received the mixture of paracetamol and the extract as compared to rats that received paracetamol only. Activities of catalase were also high in all experimental groups. Thus this study indicates the involvement of Raphanus sativus root extract with antioxidants like glutathione and catalase in rendering protection against paracetamol-induced lipid peroxidation and hepatotoxicity.

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