scholarly journals Mass concentrations and indoor-outdoor relationships of PM in selected educational buildings in Nis, Serbia

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Kovacevic ◽  
Visa Tasic ◽  
Marija Zivkovic ◽  
Nenad Zivkovic ◽  
Amelija Djordjevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Pm10 Concentration ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Guideline Value ◽  
Educational Buildings ◽  
Daily Pm10 ◽  
Mass Concentrations

Mass concentrations of particulate matter (PM) fractions were measured in educational buildings in the city of Nis, Republic of Serbia. Two sampling campaigns were conducted in winter periods. The first campaign was in the period from 21 February to 15 April 2010 at the Faculty of Occupational Safety (FOS) and the second campaign was from 20 March to 4 April 2013 at the primary school Vozd Karadjordje (VK). PM measurements were carried out with low volume samplers Sven/Leckel LVS3. The average daily PM10 concentration inside the FOS (47.0 ?21.8 ?g/m3) was lower than PM10 concentration in outdoor air (50.7 ?28.1 ?g/m3). The average daily PM10 concentration inside the VK (54.6 ? 17.6 ?g/m3) was higher than in outdoor air (47.9 ? 22.8 ?g/m3). The 24 hours average PM10 concentrations at FOS exceeded the EU limit value (50 mg/m3) during 34 % of days outdoors, and 39 % of days indoors. The 24 hours average PM10 concentrations at VK exceeded the limit value during 35 % of days outdoors, and 53 % of days indoors. The 24 hours average PM2.5 concentrations at VK exceeded the WHO daily mean guideline value (25 mg/m3) during 71 % of days outdoors, and 88 % of days indoors. The average PM10 I/O ratio at VK was 1.57 during teaching hours, and 1.00 during no teaching hours. Similarly, average PM2.5 I/O ratio at VK was 1.11 during teaching hours and 0.90 during no teaching hours. Average daily PM2.5/PM10 ratio in the ambient air at VK was 0.87, and 0.82 at FOS. Very strong correlations between the indoor and outdoor PM concentrations were observed at VK during no teaching hours (r>0.8). Moderate to strong negative correlations were found between the wind speed and PM at both schools. High outdoor PM concentrations and resuspension of particles are probably the most possible reasons for the elevated indoor PM concentrations found in the study.

scholarly journals Forecasting of Daily PM10 Concentrations in Brno and Graz by Different Regression Approaches

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernst Stadlober ◽  
Zuzana Hübnerová ◽  
Jaroslav Michálek ◽  
Miroslav Kolář
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Quality Measures ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Daily Pm10

Brno and Graz, the second largest cities of their countries, observe in each winter season PM10 concentrations of daily means which regularly exceed the limit value of 50 ?g/m3. This is mainly caused by unfavorable dissemination conditions of the ambient air. Hence, partial regulation measureshave to be taken in Brno and Graz where specific decisions for certain regulations may be based on the average PM10 concentration of the next day provided that reliable forecasts of these values are available. For several sites in the two cities we establish forecasts of daily PM10 concentrations based onmultiple linear regression and generalized linear models utilizing both measured covariates of the present day and meteorological forecasts of the next day. The comparisons, based on different quality measures demonstrate the usefulness of both model approaches as they yield results of similar quality.Our prediction models may support future decisions concerning possible traffic restrictions or other regulations.

scholarly journals Ambient Air Quality as a Condition of Effective Healthcare Therapy on the Example of Selected Polish Health Resorts

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 882
Author(s):  
Dominik Kobus ◽  
Beata Merenda ◽  
Izabela Sówka ◽  
Anna Chlebowska-Styś ◽  
Alicja Wroniszewska
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Pm10 Concentration ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Air Quality Improvement ◽  
Health Resorts

This article discusses the importance of air quality for the organization and functioning of health resorts. Ten different types of resorts located in various regions of Poland were compared in terms PM10 concentration. Additionally, comparative analysis of the high-PM10 episodes was performed in three urban agglomerations located near the analyzed health resorts. The article also discusses formal, legal, and economic instruments that are the basis for legislative actions as tools for managing the air quality in the selected resorts. The analysis of the average annual concentrations in 2015–2019 did not show any exceedances of the PM10 limit value for any of the health resorts studied. High PM10 concentration values in 2018 were recorded for the number of days in exceedance of the limit value, especially in the health resorts of Uniejów, Ciechocinek, and Szczawno-Zdrój. Health resorts located in the south of Poland were identified as the most at risk in terms of the occurrence of limit value exceedances, information, and alert thresholds. It was concluded that the implementation of the so called “anti-smog” resolutions, including the development of financial support for changing the heating system to eliminate coal boilers and furnaces, is absolutely necessary for air quality improvement.

Skin exposure: requirements to methods determining active ingredient of pesticides in washings

2019 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
V. N. Rakitskii ◽  
N. E. Fedorova ◽  
I. V. Bereznyak ◽  
N. G. Zavolokina ◽  
L. P. Muhina
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limit ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Safety Coefficient ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Calculated Risk ◽  
Nature Studies ◽  
Active Substances

The article presents results of studies exemplified by diquat on analysis concerning influence of lower limit value of quantitative assessment in washing sample for safety coefficient in exposure and in absorbed dose, if acting substance is absent in workplace ambient air samples and in dermal washings of workers. To control diquat in dermal washings, there is a method based on ion-pair liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (working wavelength 310 nm). To concentrate sample, cartridges for solid-phase extraction, containing ion exchange sorbent (Oasis MCX 6cc/500 mg), are used. Lower limit of assessment in washing sample — 0,15 micrograms. Experimentally set washing completeness is within range of 80–92%, standard deviation of repetition is 7,0% at most. The method created was tested in nature studies determining dermal exposure in workers subjected to 5 various preparations based on diquat dibromide when used for surface spraying from tractor and from aircraft. For lower limit of detection in washing sample (0,15 micrograms/washing), calculated risk value of exposure varied within 0,26–0,36; risk of absorbed dose was low — 0,23 (the allowable one ≤1). Findings are that present measuring methods which provide lower limit of detection 1 and 5 micrograms in washing sample could result in unallowable risk establishment even with absence of the substance in all samples of workplace air and dermal washings. The calculation formula suggested enables to give theoretic basis for requirements to lower limit of detecting active substances in dermal washing samples for evaluating risk of pesticides use in agriculture.

scholarly journals Prediction of hydrogen sulfide emission from an energy dissipation chamber and assessment of its distribution in the ambient air

2019 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 06001
Author(s):  
Anna Telyatnikova ◽  
Sviatoslav Fedorov ◽  
Iurii Stolbikhin ◽  
Elena Korneeva
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Threshold Limit Value ◽  
Internal Space ◽  
Sulfide Concentration ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Threshold Limit ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Flow Velocities

Wastewater transport in sewer networks contributes to the formation and emission of fetid and toxic sewage gases into the environment, one of which is hydrogen sulfide. The emission of gases can have a significant impact on the environment and health of maintenance workers and city residents. The object of the research is the study of the process of hydrogen sulfide emission in the energy dissipation chamber (EDC). The method of two-stage mathematical modeling in the program of finite element analysis ANSYS CFX is applied for the research. Two models have been created, the first one simulates the internal space of the EDC structure itself, and the second one simulates the EDC manhole and the volume of the surrounding air next to it. Mathematical dependences of hydrogen sulfide concentration change at three sections inside the structure are obtained for incoming wastewater flow velocities V = 1 m/s, 1.5 m/s and 2 m/s. The critical flow velocities at which the maximum single threshold limit value will exceed 1 m/s and the threshold limit value of the working area will exceed 1.52 m/s are determined. The methodology for solving the problem of assessing the impact of the EDC object on the environment is formed. The results of the study can be applied in the design of structures for a preliminary assessment and prediction of the impact of a wastewater facility, as well as the selection of the most favorable hydraulic regime.

scholarly journals Influence of sample temperature and environmental humidity on measurements of benzene in ambient air by transportable GC-PID

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 4013-4022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Romero-Trigueros ◽  
Marta Doval Miñarro ◽  
Esther González Duperón ◽  
Enrique González Ferradás
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Absolute Humidity ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Uncertainty Budget ◽  
Sample Temperature ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Environmental Humidity ◽  
Significant Interference ◽  
Two Temperature

Abstract. Calibration of in situ analysers of air pollutants is usually done with dry standards. In this paper, the influence of sample temperature and environmental humidity on benzene measurements by gas chromatography coupled with a photoionisation detector (GC-PID) is studied. Two reference gas mixtures (40 and 5 µg m−3 nominal concentration benzene in air) were subjected to two temperature cycles (20/5/20 °C and 20/35/20 °C) and measured with two identical GC-PIDs. The change in sample temperature did not produce any significant change in readings. Regarding ambient humidity, the chromatographs were calibrated for benzene with dry gases and subjected to measure reference standards with humidity (20 and 80 % at 20 °C). When measuring a concentration of 0.5 µg m−3 benzene in air, the levels of humidity tested did not produce any significant interference in measurements taken with any of the analysers. However, when measuring a concentration of 40 µg m−3, biases in measurements of 18 and 21 % for each respective analyser were obtained when the relative humidity of the sample was 80 % at 20 °C. Further tests were carried out to study the nature of this interference. Results show that humidity interference depends on both the amount fractions of water vapour and benzene. If benzene concentrations in an area are close to its annual limit value (5 µg m−3), biases of 2.2 % can be expected when the absolute humidity is 8.6 g cm−3 – corresponding to a relative humidity of 50 % at 20 °C. This can be accounted for in the uncertainty budget of measurements with no need for corrections. If benzene concentrations are above the annual limit value, biases become higher. Thus, in these cases, actions should be taken to reduce the humidity interference, as an underestimation of benzene concentrations may cause a mismanagement of air quality in these situations.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a low-cost optical particle counter (Alphasense OPC-N2) for ambient air monitoring

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 709-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh R. Crilley ◽  
Marvin Shaw ◽  
Ryan Pound ◽  
Louisa J. Kramer ◽  
Robin Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Particle Mass ◽  
Particle Counter ◽  
Optical Particle Counter ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
Kohler Theory ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Mass Concentrations

Abstract. A fast-growing area of research is the development of low-cost sensors for measuring air pollutants. The affordability and size of low-cost particle sensors makes them an attractive option for use in experiments requiring a number of instruments such as high-density spatial mapping. However, for these low-cost sensors to be useful for these types of studies their accuracy and precision need to be quantified. We evaluated the Alphasense OPC-N2, a promising low-cost miniature optical particle counter, for monitoring ambient airborne particles at typical urban background sites in the UK. The precision of the OPC-N2 was assessed by co-locating 14 instruments at a site to investigate the variation in measured concentrations. Comparison to two different reference optical particle counters as well as a TEOM-FDMS enabled the accuracy of the OPC-N2 to be evaluated. Comparison of the OPC-N2 to the reference optical instruments shows some limitations for measuring mass concentrations of PM1, PM2.5 and PM10. The OPC-N2 demonstrated a significant positive artefact in measured particle mass during times of high ambient RH (> 85 %) and a calibration factor was developed based upon κ-Köhler theory, using average bulk particle aerosol hygroscopicity. Application of this RH correction factor resulted in the OPC-N2 measurements being within 33 % of the TEOM-FDMS, comparable to the agreement between a reference optical particle counter and the TEOM-FDMS (20 %). Inter-unit precision for the 14 OPC-N2 sensors of 22 ± 13 % for PM10 mass concentrations was observed. Overall, the OPC-N2 was found to accurately measure ambient airborne particle mass concentration provided they are (i) correctly calibrated and (ii) corrected for ambient RH. The level of precision demonstrated between multiple OPC-N2s suggests that they would be suitable devices for applications where the spatial variability in particle concentration was to be determined.

Monitoring and Modeling of Outdoor Air Pollution

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Reis
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Chemical Conversion ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Outdoor Air Pollution

Air pollution has been a major threat to human health, ecosystems, and agricultural crops ever since the onset of widespread use of fossil fuel combustion and emissions of harmful substances into ambient air. As a basis for the development, implementation, and compliance assessment of air pollution control policies, monitoring networks for priority air pollutants were established, primarily for regulatory purposes. With increasing understanding of emission sources and the release and environmental fate of chemicals and toxic substances into ambient air, as well as atmospheric transport and chemical conversion processes, increasingly complex air pollution models have entered the scene. Today, highly accurate equipment is available to measure trace gases and aerosols in the atmosphere. In addition, sophisticated atmospheric chemistry transport models—which are routinely compared to and validated and assessed against measurements—are used to model dispersion and chemical processes affecting the composition of the atmosphere, and the resulting ambient concentrations of harmful pollutants. The models also provide methods to quantify the deposition of pollutants, such as acidifying and eutrophying substances, in vegetation, soils, and freshwater ecosystems. This article provides a general overview of the underlying concepts and key features of monitoring and modeling systems for outdoor air pollution.

scholarly journals Effect of outdoor air pollution on respiratory deseases in the District of Tunis

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Lahchaichi ◽  
H Bellali ◽  
C Harizi ◽  
N Ben Alaya Bouafif ◽  
K Talmoudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Copd Exacerbation ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Delayed Effect ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Daily Number ◽  
Morbidity Data

Abstract Background Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) are the two most common chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases worldwide. The objective of this study was to analyze the relation between the daily levels of air pollution indicators and the number of emergency department visits (EDV) for asthma and COPD exacerbation in the District of Tunis. Methods We conducted a retrospective ecological study. We collected daily morbidity data from the emergency register of Ariana Mami Hospital from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2014. We investigated the association between daily EDV for asthma or COPD exacerbation and daily concentrations levels of air pollutants by simple Pearson correlation and by binomial negative regression using generalized linear models (GLM). Results For morbidity data, we recorded 19127 EDV for asthma (10771, 56.3%) and COPD exacerbation (8356, 43.7%) between 2007 and 2014. We observed a rising trend in the number of EDV for COPD since 2007 with winter seasonality. Regarding the profile of air pollution in the study region, we have exceeded the thresholds of all standards for PM10, exceeding the Canadian standard for O3. However, no threshold exceeded for NO2 and SO2. In the univariate analysis, there was a positive correlation between the daily number of EDV for asthma and COPD exacerbation and NO2 ambient concentration (r = 0.121, p < 10-3) and O3 level (r = 0.066, P < 10-3). Multivariate analysis showed a significant positive association between the daily number of EDV for asthma and COPD exacerbation and NO2 daily concentration (Adjusted OR = 1.033, CI = [1.011 - 1.055], P < 10-3) with a delayed effect of 10 days for NO2 and 12 days for O3. Conclusions The exacerbation of asthma and COPD was correlated to the NO2 outdoor air concentration level, with an immediate and other delayed effect of 10 days, also with the 12-day lag from the elevation of O3. Key messages Ambient air pollution is a major risk factor for respiratory health. Reducing NO2 emissions could decrease morbidity and direct health care costs of respiratory diseases.

scholarly journals Physical and chemical characterization of the particulate matter suspended in aerosols from the urban area of Belgrade

2009 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 1319-1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasminka Joksic ◽  
Milena Jovasevic-Stojanovic ◽  
Alena Bartonova ◽  
Mirjana Radenkovic ◽  
Karl-Espen Yttri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Secondary Ions ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Mass Concentrations

Within this study, attempts were made to characterize the coarse and fine particulate aerosol fractions in urban area of Belgrade and define the inorganic chemical composition of the aerosol fractions. For this purpose, daily deposits of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 aerosol fractions were collected during spring and autumn sampling periods in 2007 and analyzed for the PM mass concentrations, trace elements and secondary ions. The results obtained in the two campaigns showed average daily mass concentrations of 37 and 44 ?g/m3 for PM10, 22 and 23 ?g/m3 for PM2.5 and 15 and 17 ?g/m3 for the finest particulate matter fraction PM1 with the maximums exceeding the limit values set by the EU air quality regulations. A correlation with the gas-phase ambient air pollutants SO2, NO2 and O3 was found and is discussed. The concentrations of trace elements (Mg, Al, K, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo, Cd, Sb, Ba, Tl, Pb and Th) and secondary ions (NO3 -, SO4 2-, NH4 +, K+, Ca2+ and Na+) determined in the PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 aerosol fractions showed levels and distributions indicating soil and traffic-related sources as the main pollution sources. This study was conducted as the first step of PM assessment in order to point out main air pollution sources and suggest a remedy strategy specific for this region.

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