scholarly journals Variability of nitrogen content in the needles of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Mir/Franco) provenances

Genetika ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Lavadinovic ◽  
Vasilije Isajev ◽  
Zoran Miletic ◽  
Milun Krstic
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Provenance Test ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Geographical Characteristics

Nitrogen content in the needles of twenty Douglas-fir provenances, originating from different sites within the native range of the species in the USA, was studied in a Douglas-fir provenance test established at the montane beech site on acid brown soil. Based on the variability of nitrogen content in the needles, the intensity and dynamics of the physiological processes of Douglas-fir mineral nutrition were analyzed as the indicators of Douglas-fir adaptive potential to the sites in Serbia. All the trees of the study provenances were of the same age and grown under the same site and population conditions. The quantities of nitrogen absorbed in Douglas-fir needles were correlated with the geographical characteristics of the native sites of the observed provenances. The differences in nitrogen content in Douglas-fir needles point out the variability in the intensity of the physiological processes in the genotypes of the different provenances. Since the study Douglas-fir trees are cultivated on relatively small areas, in more or less equal general conditions, it can be concluded that the parameters of mineral nutrition depend on the genotypes constituting the gene pool of the study Douglas-fir provenances.

scholarly journals Variability of potassium concentration in the needles of Douglas-fir provenances

2019 ◽  
pp. 97-116
Author(s):  
Vera Lavadinovic ◽  
Ljubinko Rakonjac ◽  
Danijela Djunisijevic-Bojovic ◽  
Zoran Miletic ◽  
Filip Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Biogenic Element ◽  
Test Model ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Provenance Test

Douglas-fir is one of the most common conifer species in the forest plantations of Europe. The provenance test model is based on the analysis of the properties (growth, anatomical, physiological, chemical, mechanical and other properties) of Douglas-fir in order to justify the transfer of seeds from North America to the ecosystems of Serbia. This type of program has been implemented in Serbia on several locations using different Douglas-fir provenances. Given that the analysis of different physiological properties of trees is important for the introduction of specified provenances into habitats in Serbia, in this paper the variability of potassium concentration in young Douglas-fir needles of different provenances was examined in an experimental field in Serbia. Potassium is very important in the physiological processes of plants. It is an essential element involved in a number of biochemical and physiological processes and plays a significant role in the adaptation of plants on biotic and abiotic stress factors. The highest potassium concentration was found in the ?Oregon 205-14? provenance - the only provenance in which the potassium concentration was significantly higher than the average value, so it can be characterized as a superior provenance for the uptake and accumulation of this element. It was found that, at this stage of development, the differences in the potassium concentration in trees in the provenance test have no significant effect on growth parameters. Further studies should show whether the concentration of this biogenic element in any way affects other properties important for the selection of provenances during the introduction process, such as resistance to stress factors.

scholarly journals Variability of potassium content in the needles of Douglas-fir provenances of Canadian origin

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-39
Author(s):  
Filip Jovanović ◽  
Vera Lavadinović ◽  
Ljubinko Rakonjac ◽  
Snežana Stajić ◽  
Zoran Miletić
Keyword(s):  
Essential Element ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Potassium Content ◽  
Test Model ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Allochthonous Species ◽  
Provenance Test

The provenance test model is based on the analysis of growth, anatomical, physiological, chemical, mechanical, and other properties of an allochthonous species to justify its transfer from the place of origin to new ecosystems. Douglas-fir is one of the most common allochthonous conifer species in the forest plantations of Europe. Given that the analysis of different physiological properties of trees is important for the introduction of specified provenances into new habitats, this paper presents the results of an investigation of the variability of potassium content in young Douglas-fir needles of 14 Canadian provenances raised on two experimental sites in Belgrade. Potassium is an essential element involved in a number of biochemical and physiological processes and plays a significant role in the adaptation of plants on biotic and abiotic stress factors. Determination of the deviation of potassium content in the needles of each Douglas-fir provenance studied was performed using the Z-test.

scholarly journals The phosphorus analyzes in needles of Canadian Douglas-fir provenances

2014 ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Vera Lavadinović ◽  
Zoran Miletić ◽  
Vukan Lavadinović
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Intensity Effect ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Provenance Test ◽  
Selection Of

Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Mir / Franco) is an indigenous and economically the most widespread species of conifers in Canada and North America. It is also the most common introduced species conifer in Europe. In Serbia testing of Douglas-fir, began setting up several provenance plots with seeds originating from Canada and North America. The research work carried out at the Institute of Forestry, conducting analysis in order to select the most adaptive and productive provenances for reforestation in Serbia. The seeds transfer of introduced species of trees include testing of all characteristic by provenance test. Genetic feature of trees species show in the new environmental, to confirm the selection of tree type for introduction. One of the methods of assessing the genetic variability of introduced species is the testing using provenance experiment. The intensity effect of physiological processes of mineral nutrition of tree species is one of the most important indicators of its successful adaptation and production into new environment habitats. This research analyzes the phosphorus content in the needles of Douglas-fir from different provenances originating from Canada.

Chrysomyxa abietis (needle rust of fir).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Significant Problem ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Obligate Parasite ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Accidental Introduction

Abstract C. abietis is a microcyclic rust fungus; an obligate parasite completing its life cycle on species of Picea (spruce). Only the current year's needles of Picea are infected and those needles are shed early. Reported from northern Europe and Asia, the fungus is a Regulated Pest for the USA. It is absent from North America, where susceptible species are native, and Australia and New Zealand, where they are introduced. Although usually not a significant problem in its native range, because conditions are not favourable for heavy infections every year (Smith et al., 1988; Hansen, 1997), this rust could be more damaging as an invasive in other temperate areas. Due to the fact that small amounts of infection may be overlooked, accidental introduction could occur through importation of infected seedlings or young trees.

Five-year growth responses of Douglas-fir, western hemlock, and western redcedar seedlings to manipulated levels of overstory and understory competition

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 2439-2453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy B Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Western Redcedar ◽  
Foliar Nitrogen ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Vegetation Control

Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), and western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don) seedlings were planted in March 2001 within three clearcut-harvested, shelterwood, or thinned stands of mature Douglas-fir near Olympia, Washington. From 2002 to 2005, areas of vegetation control of 0, 4.5, or 9 m2 were maintained with herbicides around a total 162 seedlings per species. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was 34%, 62%, and 100% of full sunlight in thinned stands, shelterwoods, and clearcuts, respectively. Effects of overstory level and vegetation control on seedling growth and resource availability generally were additive. Seedling stem volume index in clearcuts averaged four to eight times that observed in thinned stands, and with vegetation control, it averaged two to four times that observed without it. In thinned stands, relative growth rate of seedling stem volume index had a positive linear relationship with PAR (R2 = 0.38). Foliar nitrogen content of Douglas-fir explained 71% of the variation in relative growth rate. Factors explaining the most variation in foliar nitrogen content differed between thinned stands (PAR, R2 = 0.34) and clearcuts or shelterwoods (midday water potential, R2 = 0.63), suggesting that light and root competition, respectively, were the primary growth-limiting factors for these overstory levels.

Effects of Shading or Removing Spikelets in Wheat: Testing Assumptions.

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
CF Jenner
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Amino Compounds ◽  
Insoluble Material ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Days After Anthesis

Shading for 10 days reduces the supply of sucrose available for distribution to the grains, and the amounts of sucrose in the endosperm, but has no effect on the delivery of soluble amino compounds to the grain. Soon after returning shaded plants to full illumination, the supply of sucrose to the ear is restored to unshaded levels. In addition, shading affects the amounts of ethanol-insoluble material in the peduncle and the rachis, and the nitrogen content of this material in the peduncle. Trimming ears to four spikelets (10 days after anthesis) results in an increased supply of sucrose and soluble amino compounds available for distribution to the remaining grains. More nitrogen enters the grains of trimmed ears than intact ones, but inflow of sucrose is not increased by trimming the ear, and no more starch is deposited in grains developing in trimmed ears. While the responses to shading observed in this work indicate that the interpretation of the effects of shading on the growth of cereal grains may not be straightforward, the use of shading as a treatment for investigating physiological processes such as grain growth is not disqualified. However, as removing spikelets results in several unpredicted, and inexplicable, responses in the grain itself, the value of such a treatment as a means of investigating mechanisms regulating the accumulation of dry matter in the cereal grain is questionable.

Why is the productivity of Douglas-fir higher in New Zealand than in its native range in the Pacific Northwest, USA?

2008 ◽  
Vol 255 (12) ◽  
pp. 4040-4046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Waring ◽  
Alan Nordmeyer ◽  
David Whitehead ◽  
John Hunt ◽  
Michael Newton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Native Range ◽  
The Pacific

scholarly journals The Content Of Chlorophyll And Nutrients In Apple Leaves Depending On Long-Term Fertiliser

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Roman Yakovenko ◽  
Petro Kopytko ◽  
Vadym Pelekhatyi
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Vital Activity ◽  
Optimal Range ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Growing Conditions

An indicator of the condition of plants, depending on the growing conditions, is the state of their leaf apparatus, which is described by the content of chlorophyll and nutrients in the leaf. The leaf of an apple-tree provides synthesis of organic substances, productivity of fruit trees depends on features of its vital activity. As a method of diagnosing the mineral nutrition of fruit crops, the chemical analysis of the leaves is important, the indicators of which reflect the levels of plant nutrients. The results of studies of chlorophyll content and nutrients in the leaves of apple trees of Calville Blanc d'hiver on seed and Idared on seed and vegetative M4 rootstocks in re-grown plantations on mineral nutrition, created by long-term (over 86 years) application of various systems of comfort podzolized soil. Longterm use of organic and organo-mineral fertiliser systems contributed to an increase in chlorophyll content (a+b) in the leaves of Idared apple trees on seed and clone M4 rootstocks and Calville Blanc d'hiver on seed rootstock at different age periods of growth and fructification, which conditioned their further productivity. The content of macronutrients in the leaves of the studied cultivar combinations depended on the age of plantations and fertiliser options. In the most productive period of fructification in the leaves of Idared trees on seed and vegetative rootstocks, the nitrogen content in the areas of fertiliser options was within optimal limits. Among the studied rootstocks in the variant without fertilisers, the highest nitrogen content in the leaves was described by trees on the seed rootstock. In the leaf of the Calville Blanc d'hiver variety, the nitrogen content on the seed rootstocks in the studied variants was within the optimal range, and among the fertiliser variants the highest was for the application of mineral fertilisers. The content of phosphorus and potassium in the leaves of the trees of the studied rootstock combinations in the areas of fertiliser variants was within optimal limits

Linaria vulgaris (common toadflax).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Gassmann ◽  
Chris Parker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
The United States ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Native Range ◽  
The Usa

Abstract L. vulgaris is a perennial flowering plant with a spreading root system. It forms dense mats which can compete with crops and suppress native vegetation, reducing pasture productivity and/or biodiversity (ISSG, 2015). Native to temperate areas of Europe and Asia, it has been widely introduced to North America, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, and is regarded as noxious in many of these countries. By inclusion in indexes of invasive species it is regarded as invasive widely in Canada and in the USA (Alberta Invasive Species Council, 2014; Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States, 2015). L. vulgaris received an invasive index of 69 (out of a maximum of 100) in Alaska, USA (ANHP, 2011). It is also regarded as invasive within its native range in Serbia (Dzigurski and Nikolic, 2014).

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