scholarly journals Study of red clover wild populations from the territory of Serbia for the purpose of pre-selection

Genetika ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-484
Author(s):  
Mirjana Petrovic ◽  
Zora Dajic-Stevanovic ◽  
Dejan Sokolovic ◽  
Jasmina Radovic ◽  
Jasmina Milenkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Number Of Stems ◽  
Lateral Branches

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the agronomic value of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) wild populations. The analyzed material was gathered on the territory of Serbia and it was estimated which populations could be involved in the breeding program. 17 red clover populations were included in the research. Investigation was carried out at the experimental field of the Institute for forage crops, Krusevac, Serbia. The field trial was performed during three years (2008 - 2010) when data about morphological (green mass, dry mater, plant height, number of stems, number of lateral branches, number of internodes, length and width of a middle leaf lamina) and basic chemical parameters (quantity of crude proteins, crude fiber, ash, fat, NFE) were collected. In this paper, results of the research were processed by application of analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariation methods. Cluster analysis based on morphological traits resulted in formation of three clusters and the traits with the largest influence on grouping were: green mass, plant height, length and width of a leaf. Principal component method confirmed this separation and resulted in even more clear grouping of populations. Cluster analysis and PCA method were also applied to the traits of dry matter quality, when four clusters were formed, and the traits with the largest influence on grouping were percentages of protein, fat and fiber. Using both set of traits and several types of analyses contribute to grouping of populations which promise most and whose positive traits such as: high green mass yield, number of stems as well as the percentage of proteins can be combined for the purpose of getting synthetic varieties.

Growth and development of domesticated and wild genotypes of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) in the Middle Urals

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
В.А. Волошин
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
Wild Genotype ◽  
Flowering Pattern ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Stable Yield

В данной статье представлены результаты сравнительной оценки 11 сортов клевера лугового и одного образца-дикороса, проведённой в Пермском НИИ сельского хозяйства в 2018–2019 годах. Все селекционные сорта сформировали полноценные первый и второй укосы или отаву в оба года использования. Дикорастущая форма формировала только один укос, демонстрируя особенность позднеспелого одноукосного типа. Сорта Кретуновский и Ранний 2 показали себя как типичные раннеспелые двухукосные. Другие сорта занимали промежуточное положение. Наибольший сбор сухого вещества обеспечивал образец-дикорос в оба года при крайне различных погодных условиях (1,266 и 1,259 кг/м2 соответственно). Дикорастущая форма и сорт Ранний 2 обеспечивали стабильные урожаи зелёной массы и сухого вещества независимо от возраста и погодных условий. Образец дикорастущего клевера имел более однородный фенотип по сравнению с сортом Пермский местный — стандартом для позднеспелого типа, что указывает на большую генетическую однородность. Согласно всесторонней оценке, включающей степень перезимовки, урожайность зелёной и сухой массы, характер цветения, созревания, формирования и конечный урожай семян, образец-дикорос имеет отличительные признаки позднеспелого (одноукосного) типа и может использоваться в качестве исходного генетического материала для дальнейшей селекции позднеспелых одноукосных сортов клевера лугового, характеризующихся экономически ценными свойствами: высокой устойчивостью к неблагоприятным условиям окружающей среды, высокой и стабильной урожайностью зелёной массы и семян. Исследования будут продолжены с оценкой ряда образцов дикорастущих форм клевера лугового, обнаруженных в 2019 году в природных биоценозах Пермского края. This article deals with the competitive trial of 11 varieties and 1 wild genotype of red clover conducted at the Research Institute of Agriculture in 2018–2019. All the varieties provided good yields of green mass both in the first and second cuts. Wild genotype provided only one cut as long-season one-cut type. “Kretunovskiy” and “Ranniy 2” performed as typical short-season two-cut varieties. Wild genotype produced the highest yield of dry matter (DM) under contrast weather conditions (1.266 and 1.259 kg/m2, respectively). Wild genotype and “Ranniy 2” formed stable yields of green mass and DM regardless of time period and weather. Wild genotype showed homogeneous phenotype compared to “Permskiy mestnyy” — long-season standard variety indicating high genetic uniformity. Such traits as winter hardiness, green and dry mass yields, flowering pattern, seed maturation, formation and production were evaluated. According to this evaluation wild genotype performed as long-season (one-cut) type showing high resistance to unfavorable conditions, high and stable yield of green mass and seeds. Therefore, it can be used a source of economically important traits for future breeding programs of red clover. Further investigations will focus on the evaluation of wild genotypes of red clover found in the Perm region in 2019.

Optimization of bulked AFLP analysis and its application for exploring diversity of natural and cultivated populations of red clover

Genome ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Herrmann ◽  
B Boller ◽  
F Widmer ◽  
R Kölliker
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Genetic Resource ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Aflp Analysis ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Temperate Grasslands ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Cultivated Populations ◽  
Methodological Considerations

Landraces and wild populations of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) may represent a significant yet poorly characterized genetic resource of temperate grasslands. A bulking strategy with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers was optimized to characterize 120 red clover populations in 6 different groups: Swiss wild clover populations, Mattenklee landraces, Mattenklee cultivars, field clover cultivars, Dutch wild clover populations, and Dutch landraces. Analysis of 2 bulked samples/population consisting of 20 plants each with12 AFLP primer combinations was found optimal for determining genetic diversity and relationships within and among red clover populations and groups. Swiss wild clover populations were clearly separated from all other red clover groups and variability within and among populations was shown to be particularly high in wild clover populations and Mattenklee landraces, emphasising their value as genetic resources for improvement of red clover cultivars, as well as for conservation and restoration of biodiversity. This study shows that the ancestry of red clover landraces is primarily found in introduced cultivars rather than in natural wild clover populations. In addition, the methodological considerations presented here may help improve diversity analyses using bulked samples.Key words: AFLP, bulked samples, Trifolium pratense L., cultivars, landraces, wild populations.

scholarly journals Morphological and Agronomic Characterization of Spanish Landraces of Phaseolus vulgaris L.

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sugenith Arteaga ◽  
Lourdes Yabor ◽  
José Torres ◽  
Eva Solbes ◽  
Enrique Muñoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Genetic Pools ◽  
Different Response

Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) originated on the American continent, specifically in the Mesoamerican zone, and their domestication took place independently in the Mesoamerican area and the Andean zone, giving rise to two well-differentiated genetic pools. It was also noted that the Andean wild populations originated from only a few thousand individuals from the Mesoamerican wild populations, which produced a great bottleneck in the formation of the Andean population. During centuries of cultivation in the Iberian Peninsula after its introduction in the 16th century, beans adapted to new environments, evolving numerous local landraces. Twenty-four local landraces of P. vulgaris from Spain were analyzed in the greenhouse during two consecutive seasons. From each genotype, five plants were grown and characterized for 17 quantitative and 15 qualitative traits using the International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR) descriptors. Data were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis. The results obtained indicate a high variability for most traits, especially those related to the yield and its components. The PCA and cluster analysis separated the landraces according to the color of the seed, the yield, and the pod and seed traits related to yield. Numerous traits exhibited interactions between the genotype and the environment. Most accessions reached higher yields in spring, in which solar radiation favors photosynthesis and, consequently, photoassimilation. The different response to the changing environment of the set of accessions studied in the present work is of great interest, and it can be exploited in breeding cultivars adapted to a broader range of environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Field-scale spatial variation in yields and nitrogen fixation of clover-grass leys and in soil nutrients

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 376 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. NYKÄNEN ◽  
L. JAUHIAINEN ◽  
LINDSTRÖM KEMPPAINEN
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Biological Nitrogen ◽  
Clover Content

Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) plays a crucial role in organic farming and red clover (Trifolium pratense) is cultivated widely in boreal grasslands for BNF. A geostatistical method, model-based kriging, was used to determine the spatial variation in yield, clover content and BNF of clover-grass leys as well as soil chemical properties throughout two fields in 2004-2006. Based on this variation, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to determine the similar patterns of variation. On one location, total dry matter yields of the leys decreased over three production years from 9 700 to 4 100 kg ha-1, clover content from 53 to 26% and BNF from 150 to 40 kg N ha-1, whereas on the other location the yields increased from 6 500 to 7 100 kg ha-1, clover content from 52 to 62% and BNF from 100 to 120 kg N ha-1. Nutrient concentrations in soil also varied greatly within the fields, although this depended on the nutrient species. Kriging combined with PCA described the spatial variation of ley parameters very informatively, but was not as powerful for describing the pattern of nutrients. Based on the spatial dependence determined in the two fields investigated, it seems that the sampling distance should be 80 m for soil nutrients, 100 m for yield and 60 m for clover content and BNF determination, respectively.;

The functional response and prey preference of generalist Nabis (Hemiptera: Nabidae) predators to leafhopper prey (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Stasek ◽  
James N. Radl ◽  
Thomas O. Crist
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Prey Preference ◽  
Generalist Predators ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Survival Probabilities ◽  
The Family ◽  
Predation Rates

AbstractInsects of the family Nabidae (Hemiptera) are generalist predators commonly found in agroecosystems, but little is known about their predation rates on common pests of forage crops. We determined the functional response and prey preference of Nabis Latreille species to two common leafhopper pests of red clover (Trifolium pratense Linnaeus; Fabaceae): Agallia constricta Van Duzee (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and Ceratagallia agricola (Hamilton) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). We also determined the survivorship of A. constricta to predation by Nabis species over the course of five days. The Nabis species displayed a Type III functional response to both leafhopper species with a preference for A. constricta. The 10-A. constricta/cage treatments and 20-A. constricta/cage treatments had the highest survival probabilities after five days with survival probabilities of 0.19 and 0.23, respectively. These results indicate that Nabis species may help in controlling leafhopper populations in forage-crop systems.

Analysis of genetic diversity and structure in a genebank collection of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) using SSR markers

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamta Gupta ◽  
Vikas Sharma ◽  
Sunil K. Singh ◽  
Rakesh K. Chahota ◽  
Tilak R. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Fragment Size ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Model Based Clustering ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
High Level

AbstractGenetic diversity of a red clover global collection was assessed using 36 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers representing all seven linkage groups (LGs). The number of fragments amplified ranged from 1 to 6 for all the primers. Primer RCS0060 detected highest number of fragments, whereas four SSRs viz., RCS0899, RCS1594, TPSSR40 and RCS6927 amplified single fragment. Size range of amplicons generated by all the primers varied from 100 to 400 bp. Polymorphism information content values ranged from 0.301 to 0.719 with an average value of 0.605. LG wise diversity analysis showed that LG 3 was most diverse (I = 0.65, Ht = 0.44), whereas LG-1 showed minimum diversity (I = 0.48, Ht = 0.26) for the microsatellites used. Bayesian model-based clustering inferred three genetically distinct populations in the red clover germplasm holding and showed considerable admixture in individuals within clusters. Neighbour-joining analysis showed intermixing of accessions within groups. Principal component analysis plot complemented the clustering shown by Structure and distinguished three populations to greater extent. Analysis of molecular variance showed that 91% of the genetic variation was residing within populations, while 9% variation was among populations. Overall, the results showed that a high level of genetic diversity is prevailing in this worldwide collection of red clover, which can be exploited for its genetic improvement through breeding approaches.

scholarly journals Classification of rapeseed genotypes based on quantitative traits using multivariate techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
Mirjana Jankulovska ◽  
Dragana Rajković ◽  
Dragana Miladinović ◽  
Sreten Terzić ◽  
Nada Grahovac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Lateral Branches ◽  
Novi Sad

The genetic variability of 13 rapeseed genotypes created in Serbia was assessed at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, in three consecutive years. The genotypes were evaluated and classified based on 10 quantitative traits (plant height, height to the first branch, stem width, number of lateral branches, number of leaves, number of pods, seed yield per plant, 1000 seed weight, oil content and protein content), using principal component analysis (PCA) and two-way cluster analysis. The first four PCs with eigenvalues >1 contributed to 83% of the total explained variance. The PC analysis revealed that plant height, height to the first branch, number of lateral branches and number of leaves contributed maximum to the total divergence of the material. The genotypes were classified in two main clusters: the first cluster comprised three genotypes, while the other genotypes belonged to the second cluster which can further be divided to two subclusters. One genotype was not classified in these two clusters. The selected genotypes that have desirable traits may be used in hybridization programs for improvement of seed yield and traits that contribute to seed yield most.

scholarly journals Sustainability of Perennial Grasses Under Long-term Use in the Conditions of Drained Lands of the Non-Chernozem Zone (Russia)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-196
Author(s):  
N. Ivanova ◽  
A. Kapsamun ◽  
E. Pavlyuchik ◽  
D. Vagunin ◽  
N. Ambrosimova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Green Mass

Recently, much attention has been paid by grassland farmers to the problem of extending the productive longevity of grasslands of the pasture type. Field studies were carried out on the agropolygon of FGBNU VNIIMZ in the period from 2012 to 2018. The object of research was pasture grass stands created on the basis of pasture ryegrass (Loliurn perenne) and inter-genera festulolium hybrid (× Festulolium F. Aschers. Et Graebn). Two, three, and four species of grass mixtures with various leguminous and cereal herbs were studied in the experiment. The types and varieties of herbs were selected taking into account their potential productivity and sustainable longevity in the conditions of drained soils. Ryegrass grazing VIC 66, festulolium VIC 90, alfalfa changeable (Medicago varia Nakhodka), lotus horned (Lotus cornilatus Sun), creeping clover (Trifolium repens) VIC 70, red fescue (Festuca rubra) Sigma, red clover (Trifolium pratense) VIC 7, timothy grass (Phleum pratense L.) VIC 9, meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) Sakharovskaya were used in the experiments. It has been shown that in the conditions of drained lands, such species as red fescue, alfalfa changeable, horned deer can be attributed to perennial grasses with a competitive advantage for long-term sustained production in multicomponent pasture agrophytocenoses. It has been established that the introduction of additional leguminous species into the grass mixture (alfalfa changeable and lotus horned) increases the period of use and increases the yield of a green mass of grass stands. Over the years of research (2013–2018), the highest average yield of green mass was obtained by grass stands with alfalfa variable and young horned — 24.5–28.2 t/ha, which exceeds the traditional grass mixture by 3.5–7.2 t/ha.

scholarly journals Assessing the influence of cereal-legume mixtures on the productivity of degraded pastures in the Kostanay region of northern Kazakhstan

2022 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Almabek Nugmanov ◽  
Assel Tokusheva ◽  
Asiya Ansabayeva ◽  
Marden Baidalin ◽  
Almagul Kalyaskarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Forage Plants ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Northern Kazakhstan ◽  
Degraded Pastures

This study presents the results of some options to restore pastures with low productivity in the arid steppes of the Kostanay region of northern Kazakhstan, describing the effects associated with grass-legume mixtures. The effects of grass-legume mixtures, contribution to the preservation and maintenance of pasture forage crops, and the productivity of pastures were discussed. Mixtures of grasses and legumes were selected that are promising crops for arid regions.The plant density and its condition were determined based on test plots of adjacent rows of 0.5 m each, followed by counting. The plant height was determined before the yield of green mass by measuring 25 plants of each species. The yield of green mass in the maturity phase of the grass was determined by mowing and weighing the green mass in the plots, followed by the analysis of the species composition in the grass mixture and drying until air dry. The density of plants, the height of the plants, and the safety of the forage plants according to the sowing method were the data collected. In addition, the effect of grass mixtures on the productivity of forage crops to improve pastures was compared. According to these results, the highest productivity under experimental conditions was found in the wheat grassalfalfa-bromegrass variant. This information can contribute to the improvement of the state of the pastures since it is complete and inexpensive food for farm animals.

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