Damage trends in selected forest regions and a future period forecast

Abstract The β-lactam/lactamase inhibitors (BLBLIs) combination drugs are considered an effective alternative to carbapenems. However, there is a growing concern that the increased use of BLBLIs may lead to increased resistance. This study determined the temporal association between the consumption of BLBLI and the antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. In this retrospective study, electronic data on the Gram-negative bacterial isolates, including A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae from in-patients and susceptibility testing results were retrieved from the medical records of the clinical laboratory. A linear regression and cross-correlation analysis were performed on the acquired data. Increasing trends (p<0.05) in the consumption of BIBLI and carbapenem with a median use of 27.68 and 34.46 DDD/1000 PD per quarter were observed, respectively. A decreased trend (p=0.023) in the consumption of fluoroquinolones with a median use of 29.13 DDD/1000 PD per quarter was observed. The resistance rate of K. pneumoniae was synchronized with the BIBLI and carbapenem consumptions with a correlation coefficient of 0.893 (p=0.012) and 0.951 (p=0.016), respectively. The cross-correlation analysis against the consumption of BIBLI and meropenem resistant K. pneumoniae was peaked at 0-quarter lag (r=951, p=0.016). There was an increasing trend in the consumption of BLBLI and carbapenems. The increasing trend in the rates of resistance to piperacillin/tazobactam, in line with the increasing consumption of BLBLI, suggests that BLBLI has to be used with caution and cannot be directly considered as a long-term alternative to carbapenems.

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Needle traces as indicators of growing conditions in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/4669-jfs ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 49 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

B. Konôpka

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Time Series ◽

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Forest Stand ◽

Needle Retention ◽

Increasing Trend ◽

Forest Regions ◽

Needle Trace Method ◽

Growing Conditions

Needle retention (number of needle sets) and needle density (number of needle pairs per centimeter of shoot) were surveyed on Scots pines in five forest regions of Slovakia. The Needle Trace Method (NTM) was used to determine needle retention and needle density along the main stem retrospectively for the last four decades. In all forest regions, the values of these indicators varied from year to year. However, in Záhorská lowland, Vtáčnik, Krupinská plain, and High Tatras, the trends of both observed indicators were constant over the time series. The situation was different in the Levočské hills, where the needle retention displayed a decreasing trend and needle density an increasing trend. These trends probably reflected a long-term stress of air pollution on pines in this forest stand.

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Scientific Method

Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement ◽

10.1017/s1358246100004732 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 31-68

Author(s):

Mary Tiles ◽

Rom Harré

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Scientific Knowledge ◽

Scientific Method ◽

Scientific Discovery ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Food Additives ◽

Base Metals ◽

Scientific Experts ◽

The World ◽

Harmful Effects

The thought that it might be possible to develop a method of scientific discovery, a procedure of investigation and reasoning which, so long as its principles were studiously followed, would be guaranteed to result in scientific knowledge, has long been recognized to be a mere philosophers' dream, with no more possibility of fulfilment than the alchemists' dream of producing a philosophers' stone which would turn base metals into gold. Yet it remains the case that the authority of science (the deference given to scientific experts, the credence given to their theories) rests on claims made on behalf of its methods; they are regarded as somehow superior to, or more reliable than, any other means of acquiring beliefs about the world around us. To say that there is no scientific evidence that any of the food additives currently permitted in Britain have any harmful effects is a way of dismissing as groundless and irrational the fears of those who think that such additives do have harmful effects. Whereas to say that it is scientifically established that smoking causes lung cancer is a way of saying that this is something a smoker ought to worry about.

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Ranking and mapping of forest regions in Serbia based on the forest damage threat degree

Glasnik Sumarskog fakulteta ◽

10.2298/gsf1920151r ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 151-178

Author(s):

Nenad Rankovic ◽

Jelena Nedeljkovic ◽

Dragan Nonic ◽

Mirjana Stanisic

Keyword(s):

Forest Damage ◽

Monitoring And Control ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Forest Region ◽

Forest Regions ◽

Threat Index ◽

Cluster Analysis Method ◽

And Control ◽

Harmful Event

Forest ecosystems in Serbia suffer great damages each year due to the negative effects of water, wind and fires, which are caused by climate change. In this sense, the aim of the research is to determine the degree of threat from the effects of water, wind and fires for selected forest regions, as well as to form ranks and groups of forest regions, and their threat indexes. Through cluster analysis method, forest regions are grouped based on two criteria (number of damage and damaged area), in order to calculate their threat index. In this way, three groups of forest regions were identified: considerably, moderately, and slightly threatened. Rasinsko and Tarsko forest region (IUP=6) have the highest threat index in relation to the affected area. Sumadijsko, Juznokucajsko, Gornjeibarsko, Timocko, Toplicko and Nisko, with IUP=3 belong to the group of slightly threatened areas. The results of these studies can be used for achieving better quality of monitoring and control), prevention and response, should any harmful event occur.

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Trends in the extent of damages from natural hazards in forests in Serbia and the influence of temperature and precipitation

Glasnik Sumarskog fakulteta ◽

10.2298/gsf1614201r ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 201-218

Author(s):

Nenad Rankovic ◽

Jelena Nedeljkovic ◽

Miodrag Zlatic ◽

Mirjana Stanisic ◽

Dragan Nonic

Keyword(s):

Natural Hazards ◽

Forest Fires ◽

Scientific Method ◽

Forest Damage ◽

Temperature And Precipitation ◽

Average Annual Temperature ◽

Analysis And Synthesis ◽

Absolute Growth ◽

Extent Of Damage ◽

The Impact

In terms of the visible effects of climate change, in Serbia as well as in other countries is present an increase of average annual temperature, reduced amount of precipitation, the occurrence of floods, droughts, forest fires and ice breakage. The aim of the research is to determine the pattern of the trends in the extent of damages from natural hazards in the forests in Serbia, their share in the total forest damage and the impact of temperature and precipitation on the extent of damage from natural hazards in the forests during the researched period. A modelling method was used as a basic scientific method, with an application of trend, regression and correlation analysis, methods of reasoning (abstraction and concretization, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, etc.), along with other methods and techniques necessary for obtaining all needed elements (processes, absolute growth, growth rate, etc.). Regardless of the lack of significance in all models, the research results indicate that the damages from natural hazards in the forests in Serbia are expanding, with increased share in total forest damages, which might be related to significantly lower temperatures and higher rainfall (snow-breaks, snow uprooting, ice-breaks, ice uprooting, floods, etc.).

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Scientific Method: Method and the Authority of Science

Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement ◽

10.1017/s0957042x00004739 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 31-51

Author(s):

Mary Tiles

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Scientific Knowledge ◽

Scientific Method ◽

Scientific Discovery ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Food Additives ◽

Base Metals ◽

Scientific Experts ◽

The World ◽

Harmful Effects

The thought that it might be possible to develop a method of scientific discovery, a procedure of investigation and reasoning which, so long as its principles were studiously followed, would be guaranteed to result in scientific knowledge, has long been recognized to be a mere philosophers' dream, with no more possibility of fulfilment than the alchemists' dream of producing a philosophers' stone which would turn base metals into gold. Yet it remains the case that the authority of science (the deference given to scientific experts, the credence given to their theories) rests on claims made on behalf of its methods; they are regarded as somehow superior to, or more reliable than, any other means of acquiring beliefs about the world around us. To say that there is no scientific evidence that any of the food additives currently permitted in Britain have any harmful effects is a way of dismissing as groundless and irrational the fears of those who think that such additives do have harmful effects. Whereas to say that it is scientifically established that smoking causes lung cancer is a way of saying that this is something a smoker ought to worry about.

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Impact of climate change on temperature in Khuzestan

Melioration and Water Management ◽

10.32962/0235-2524-2020-2-33-37 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 33-37

Author(s):

Ensiya Dezfuli ◽

Narges Zohrabi ◽

Mar'yam Rozbahani

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Spatial Analysis ◽

Climate Changes ◽

Emission Scenarios ◽

Ghg Emission ◽

Future Period ◽

Khuzestan Province ◽

Increasing Trend ◽

Mean Annual Air Temperature ◽

A1b Scenario

The effect of climate changes on mean annual air temperature (MAAT) with AOGCM models in Khuzestan province in Iran is investigated in this study. Seven models of AR4 AOGCM models including HADCM3, CNRMCM3, CSIROMK3.0, GFDLCM2.0, INMCM3.0, IPSLCM4, and BCM2.0 for future period (2040–2069) under A2, B1 and A1B emission scenarios is considered with respect to observed period (1982–2011). For downscaling AOGCMs data, LARS-WG model was used. Investigation of (MAAT) in 9 selected stations during 1982 to 2011 years showed increasing trend of mean slop in all stations. Maximum and minimum increasing changes occurred under A2 scenario in Shahid abbaspour Dam and Dezful stations with 2.1 °C and B1 scenario in Abadan station with 1.3 °C and A1B scenario in Abadan station with 1.9 °C. Spatial analysis of (MAAT) under two GHG emission scenarios for whole of Khuzestan province showed increasing changes from northwest to southeast of study area. The results has also showed that there are more uncertainties in AOGCM models than emission scenarios.

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Cigarette smoking and lung cancer trends in Serbia - a ten-year analysis

Medicinski pregled ◽

10.2298/mpns0606225p ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 59 (5-6) ◽

pp. 225-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Dragica Pesut ◽

Zorica Basara-Hadzi

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Tobacco Smoking ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Adult Population ◽

Annual Reports ◽

Increasing Trend ◽

Cancer Trends ◽

Harmful Effects ◽

Female Lung Cancer

Cigarette smoking is the single most common cause of morbidity and mortality in the world, and the most important risk factor for developing lung cancer (LC). LC is the most frequent form of cancer in men worldwide. Almost half of the adult population in Serbia smokes. The aim of the study was to analyze the incidence rate (IR) and trend ofLC in Serbia from 1994 to 2003, with special regard to tobacco smoking status (TSS). Referral annual reports of the Institute of Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis on newly diagnosed cases of LC, categorized by sex and TSS, have been analyzed. TSS included three categories: smokers, ex-smokers and non-smokers. LC IR showed an increasing tendency (RR; 0.2859) with 34/100,000 population in 2003, and significant differences among districts (6.3-39.1/100.000). Smokers, ex-smokers, and non-smokers account for 70.3%, 17% and 12.6%, respectvely (p<0.001). An increasing trend of female lung cancer was evident in all three categories, but the most remarcable in smokers. There is a clear and urgent need to inform the population on harmful effects of tobacco smoking on health and risks for lung cancer. .

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Community Structure of Migratory Waterbirds at Two Important Wintering Sites in a Sub-Himalayan Forest Tract in West Bengal, India

The Ring ◽

10.2478/ring-2020-0002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 15-37

Author(s):

Asitava Chatterjee ◽

Shuvadip Adhikari ◽

Sudin Pal ◽

Subhra Kumar Mukhopadhyay

Keyword(s):

Eichhornia Crassipes ◽

Habitat Management ◽

Key Factors ◽

Habitat Alterations ◽

Bird Density ◽

Increasing Trend ◽

Luxuriant Growth ◽

Forest Regions ◽

Forested Areas ◽

Migratory Waterbirds

AbstractThe waterbird community structures of two sub-Himalayan wetlands (Nararthali and Rasomati) situated in forested areas were compared during the wintering period. These wetlands had similar geophysical features but were subject to different conservation efforts. Sixty species of waterbirds, including four globally threatened species, were recorded during the study. Nararthali was found to be more densely inhabited (116.05±22.69 ind./ha) by birds than Rasomati (76.55±26.47 ind./ha). Density increased by 44.6% at Nararthali and by 59% at Rasomati over the years of the study, from 2008 to 2015. Winter visitors increased considerably at Nararthali (66.2%), while a 71.1% decrease at Rasomati clearly indicated degradation of habitat quality at that site during the later years. Luxuriant growth of Eichhornia crassipes, siltation, poor maintenance and unregulated tourist activities were the key factors leading to the rapid degradation of Rasomati. Nararthali, on the other hand, a well-managed wetland habitat, showed an increasing trend in bird densities. Therefore, poor habitat management and rapid habitat alterations were observed to be the main reasons for depletion of bird density in the wetlands of eastern sub-Himalayan forest regions.

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Microdensitometer—computer correlation analysis of ultrastructural periodicity

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100081024 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 32-33

Author(s):

D.R. Ensor ◽

C.G. Jensen ◽

J.A. Fillery ◽

R.J.K. Baker

Keyword(s):

Correlation Analysis ◽

Background Noise ◽

Computer Control ◽

Optical Diffraction ◽

Screw Thread ◽

Straight Line ◽

Computer Storage ◽

Correlation Process ◽

Electron Microscope Image ◽

Fixed Beam

Because periodicity is a major indicator of structural organisation numerous methods have been devised to demonstrate periodicity masked by background “noise” in the electron microscope image (e.g. photographic image reinforcement, Markham et al, 1964; optical diffraction techniques, Horne, 1977; McIntosh,1974). Computer correlation analysis of a densitometer tracing provides another means of minimising "noise". The correlation process uncovers periodic information by cancelling random elements. The technique is easily executed, the results are readily interpreted and the computer removes tedium, lends accuracy and assists in impartiality.A scanning densitometer was adapted to allow computer control of the scan and to give direct computer storage of the data. A photographic transparency of the image to be scanned is mounted on a stage coupled directly to an accurate screw thread driven by a stepping motor. The stage is moved so that the fixed beam of the densitometer (which is directed normal to the transparency) traces a straight line along the structure of interest in the image.

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