scholarly journals Nitrogen-modified nanoporous activated carbon from eucalyptus leaves for ultrasound-assisted removal of basic dyes using derivative spectrophotometric method

2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 651-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisan Khaligh ◽  
Zavvar Mousavi ◽  
Alimorad Rashidi ◽  
Hamid Shirkhanloo
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Micropore Volume ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Eucalyptus Leaves ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Nanoporous Activated Carbon

The nanoporous activated carbon (AC) was prepared from the eucalyptus leaves via chemical activation with KOH, then treated with nitric acid/ /urea (NOAC) and finally used as a new adsorbent for simultaneous ultrasound- assisted removal of basic red 46 (BR46) and basic yellow 13 (BY13) dyes from binary aqueous solutions. The NOAC nano-adsorbent was characterized with SEM, TEM, Raman, BET, FTIR, CHN, pHpzc and Boehm titration analysis. Both of the AC and NOAC samples had superior BET surface area of 2222 and 1572 m2 g-1 with average micropore volume of 0.81 and 0.50 cm3 g-1, respectively. First order derivative spectrophotometric method was used for analysis of BY13 in binary mixtures. Small amount of the adsorbent (30 mg) was capable to remove high percentage of dyes (>99 %) in a very short time (8 min). The adsorption of dyes follows the Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo- -second-order kinetics. The adsorption capacities of NOAC for single solutions of BR46 and BY13 were 1111 and 1250 mg g-1 as well as for binary solutions were 769 and 909 mg g-1, respectively. The adsorption thermodynamics were also explored. Exhausted NOAC was regenerated using HCl (2 M) and reused for five adsorption-desorption cycles with high performance.

scholarly journals Preparation of High-Performance Activated Carbon from Coffee Grounds after Extraction of Bio-Oil

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Jie Ren ◽  
Nanwei Chen ◽  
Li Wan ◽  
Guojian Li ◽  
Tao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Micropore Volume ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Bio Oil

In this study, a new method for economical utilization of coffee grounds was developed and tested. The resulting materials were characterized by proximate and elemental analyses, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and N2 adsorption–desorption at 77 K. The experimental data show bio-oil yields reaching 42.3%. The optimal activated carbon was obtained under vacuum pyrolysis self-activation at an operating temperature of 450 °C, an activation temperature of 600 °C, an activation time of 30 min, and an impregnation ratio with phosphoric acid of 150 wt.%. Under these conditions, the yield of activated carbon reached 27.4% with a BET surface area of 1420 m2·g−1, an average pore size of 2.1 nm, a total pore volume of 0.747 cm3·g−1, and a t-Plot micropore volume of 0.428 cm3·g−1. In addition, the surface of activated carbon looked relatively rough, containing mesopores and micropores with large amounts of corrosion pits.

scholarly journals Phenol adsorption on high microporous activated carbons prepared from oily sludge: equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Mojoudi ◽  
N. Mirghaffari ◽  
M. Soleimani ◽  
H. Shariatmadari ◽  
C. Belver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Oily Sludge ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

AbstractThe purpose of this study was the preparation, characterization and application of high-performance activated carbons (ACs) derived from oily sludge through chemical activation by KOH. The produced ACs were characterized using iodine number, N2 adsorption-desorption, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The activated carbon prepared under optimum conditions showed a predominantly microporous structure with a BET surface area of 2263 m2 g−1, a total pore volume of 1.37 cm3 g−1 and a micro pore volume of 1.004 cm3 g−1. The kinetics and equilibrium adsorption data of phenol fitted well to the pseudo second order model (R2 = 0.99) and Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.99), respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity based on the Langmuir model (434 mg g−1) with a relatively fast adsorption rate (equilibrium time of 30 min) was achieved under an optimum pH value of 6.0. Thermodynamic parameters were negative and showed that adsorption of phenol onto the activated carbon was feasible, spontaneous and exothermic. Desorption of phenol from the adsorbent using 0.1 M NaOH was about 87.8% in the first adsorption/desorption cycle and did not decrease significantly after three cycles. Overall, the synthesized activated carbon from oily sludge could be a promising adsorbent for the removal of phenol from polluted water.

Characterization of Activated Carbon from Wood Sawdust Prepared via Chemical Activation Using Potassium Hydroxide

2013 ◽  
Vol 832 ◽  
pp. 132-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azry Borhan ◽  
Mohd Faisal Taha ◽  
Athirah Amer Hamzah
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Wood Sawdust ◽  
Activation Conditions ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

The preparation of activated carbon from wood-based industrys residue is one of the most environmental friendly solutions of transforming negative-valued wastes to valuable materials. Wood sawdust was first chemically activated using potassium hydroxide, KOH and characterized by nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms measured in Micrometrices ASAP 2020 and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). By manipulating three different parameters, the optimal activation conditions were found at temperature of 500°C, activation time of 60 min and impregnation ratio of 1:3. Results showed that the BET surface area, total pore volume and diameter of activated carbon were 1876.16 m2g-1, 0.88 cm3g-1and 6.93 nm, respectively. Nitrogen adsorption desorption isotherm analysis proved the existence of mesopores in activated carbon produced, suggesting that it can be effectively used as an adsorption material.

scholarly journals Preparation of Terminalia catappa Shell Based Activated Carbon by Microwave Assisted Chemical Activation

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
Awitdrus Awitdrus
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Koh Activation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Terminalia Catappa ◽  
Electron Scanning Microscope ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Activated carbon was prepared from Terminalia catappa shells using microwave asissted KOH activation. The ratio of mass percentages of Terminalia catappa and KOH were 4:1, 4:2, and 4:3. Terminalia catappa based activated carbon was prepared by KOH activation at the room temperature for 24 hours and followed by microwave irradiation at the out put power of 630 Watt for 20 minutes. The physical properties of activated carbon i.e. surface morphology, micro structure, and BET surface area were characterized by electron scanning microscope, X-ray diffraction and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm at 77K, respectively. The highest BET surface area was 312 m2/g with adsorption of activated carbon towards methylene blue by 84.4 mg/g. The BET surface area was directly correlated with the stack height (Lc) of the activated carbon.

scholarly journals Orthophosphoric Acid Activated Babul Seed Carbon as an Adsorbent for the Removal of Methylene Blue

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 742-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sujatha ◽  
A. Geetha ◽  
P. Sivakumar ◽  
P. N. Palanisamy
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Kinetics ◽  
Orthophosphoric Acid ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

An Experimental and theoretical study has been conducted on the adsorption of methylene blue dye using activated carbon prepared from babul seed by chemical activation with orthophosphoric acid. BET surface area of the activated carbon was determined as 1060 m2/g. Adsorption kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics were investigated as a function of initial dye concentration, temperature and pH. First order Lagergren, pseudo-second order and Elovich kinetic models were used to test the adsorption kinetics. Results were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models. Based on regression coefficient, the equilibrium data found fitted well to the Langmuir equilibrium model than other models. The characteristics of the prepared activated carbon were found comparable to the commercial activated carbon. It is found that the babul seed activated carbon is very effective for the removal of colouring matter.

Physical and Chemical Activation Effect on Activated Carbon Prepared from Local Pineapple Waste

2014 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Rahim Yacob ◽  
Adlina Azmi ◽  
Mohd Khairul Asyraf Amat Mustajab
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Activation Effect ◽  
Pineapple Waste ◽  
Pineapple Peel ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The characteristics and quality of activated carbons prepared depending on the chemical and physical properties of the starting materials and the activation method used. In this study, activated carbon prepared using pineapple waste. Three parts of pineapple waste which comprises of peel, crown and leaf were studied. For comparison activated carbon were prepared by both physical and chemical activation respectively. Three types of chemicals were used, phosphoric acid (H3PO4), sulphuric acid (H2SO4), and potassium hydroxide (KOH). The preparation includes carbonization at 200°C and activation at the 400°C using muffle furnace. The chemical characterization of the activated carbon was carried out using Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Nitrogen gas adsorption analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The highest BET surface area was achieved when the pineapple peel soaked in 20% phosphoric acid with a surface area of 1115 m2g-1. FTIR analysis indicates that the reacted pineapple waste successfully converted into activated carbons.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Heavy Metal on Active Carbon Derived from Coconut Leaves Agro-Waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-562
Author(s):  
Abhijit Jadhav ◽  
◽  
Govindaraj Mohanraj ◽  
Suseeladevi Mayadevi ◽  
Ashok Gokarn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Solute Concentration ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
First Order ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Pseudo First Order ◽  
Sorption Study

In this paper activated carbon is prepared from coconut leaves by chemical activation during slow pyrolysis at 673 K in an inert atmosphere. Activated carbon is prepared in the stiochiometric ratio of 1:1 (CL1), 2:1 (CL2) and 3:1 (CL3). Optimized 3:1 ratio is preferable for further study. BET surface area of CL3 activated carbon was found 1060.57 m2/g. It is greater than those of CL1 and CL2. The batch sorption study experiments were conducted with respect to solute concentration of 2.5–122.8 mg/l and solution temperature of 313–343 K. The Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm studies were conducted. The experimental data fitted very well for the pseudo-first order and pseudo-second-order. The results have established good potentiality for the CL3 activated carbon to be used as a sorbent for the removal of lead from wastewater.

scholarly journals Effect of Activating Agent on the Properties of TiO2/Activated Carbon Heterostructures for Solar Photocatalytic Degradation of Acetaminophen

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Peñas-Garzón ◽  
Almudena Gómez-Avilés ◽  
Jorge Bedia ◽  
Juan Rodriguez ◽  
Carolina Belver
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Anatase Phase ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Porous Texture ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Synthesized Materials

Several activated carbons (ACs) were prepared by chemical activation of lignin with different activating agents (FeCl3, ZnCl2, H3PO4 and KOH) and used for synthesizing TiO2/activated carbon heterostructures. These heterostructures were obtained by the combination of the activated carbons with a titania precursor using a solvothermal treatment. The synthesized materials were fully characterized (Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N2 adsorption-desorption, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-Vis DRS) and further used in the photodegradation of a target pharmaceutical compound (acetaminophen). All heterostructures were composed of anatase phase regardless of the activated carbon used, while the porous texture and surface chemistry depended on the chemical compound used to activate the lignin. Among all heterostructures studied, that obtained by FeCl3-activation yielded complete conversion of acetaminophen after 6 h of reaction under solar-simulated irradiation, also showing high conversion after successive cycles. Although the reaction rate was lower than the observed with bare TiO2, the heterostructure showed higher settling velocity, thus being considerably easier to recover from the reaction medium.

scholarly journals Antibacterial properties of AgNO3-activated carbon composite on Escherichia coli: inhibition action

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Nkwaju Yanou Rachel ◽  
Baçaoui Abdelaziz ◽  
Ndi Julius Nsami ◽  
Kouotou Daouda ◽  
Yaacoubi Abdelrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Carbon Composite ◽  
Micropore Volume ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Impregnation Time ◽  
Methylene Blue Number

AgNO3- activated carbon composite based palm kernel shell was prepared by hydrothermal carbonization. The concentration of AgNO3, activation temperature and impregnation time were investigated on five responses (iodine number, methylene blue number, BET surface area, micropore volume and total pore volume). The most influential parameters of the preparation process were optimized using the Doehlert optimal design. From the ANOVA, the following optimal conditions of preparation were retained: 0.068 mol/L, 210°C and 3.7 h for AgNO3 concentration, activation temperature and impregnation time respectively. The activated carbon (AC) and the composite (AC-AgNO3) were characterized using Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled to Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and measurements of the surface area. The XRD pattern and SEM-EDX clearly confirmed the presence of silver in the composite. The experimental parameters of AC- AgNO3 composite were as followed: 708.44 mg/g; 293.09 mg/g; 713.0 m2/g; 0.49 cm3/g and 0.76 cm3/g, for iodine number, methylene blue number, BET surface area, micropore volume and total pore volume of AC- AgNO3 respectively. The antibacterial test carried on Escherichia Coli showed that AC-AgNO3 composite has a high-improved antibacterial property of 99.99% fixation with a dosage of 1500 ppm for 5 hours of contact time.

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