scholarly journals Absorption, translocation and metabolism of the sulfonylurea herbicides in plants

Pesticidi ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-222
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Elezovic ◽  
Dragana Bozic ◽  
Sava Vrbnicanin
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicides ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Soil Humidity ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Root Absorption

Absorption, translocation and metabolism are processes affecting the efficacy of sulfonylurea herbicides. These processes contribute significantly to selectivity but are also known to effect the development of plant resistance to this group of herbicides. Sulfonylureas may be absorbed by both ground and above ground plant parts. The level of absorption depends on numerous factors such as: development stage of the plant, ambient temperature, soil humidity, fertilizers added to herbicides, application in combination with other herbicides, sufactants, plant cultivars, mode of herbicide application, various additives. Having been absorbed, the herbicide moves to the place of action whereby the direction of translocation depends on the mode of absorption. Foliary absorbed sulfonylureas are primarily basipetally translocated. Acropetal translocation is correlated to root absorption. In addition, some herbicides belonging to this group are translocated in both directions. The level and rate of translocation depend on: soil humidity, antagonistic effect of other herbicides (in case of application of herbicide combinations), additives, fertilizers etc. Sulfonylureas in plants are subjected to different metabolic changes which mostly contribute to the inactivation. These transformations are considered to be catalyzed by the cytochrom P-450 monooxigenase enzymic system. Eventually, this process is also known to be affected by numerous factors such as: temperature, soil humidity, plant cultivars, mixtures with other pesticides etc.

scholarly journals Deciphering the antagonistic effect of Streptomyces spp. and host-plant resistance induction against charcoal rot of sorghum

Planta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 253 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Subramaniam Gopalakrishnan ◽  
Vadlamudi Srinivas ◽  
Nimmala Naresh ◽  
Sambangi Pratyusha ◽  
Sravani Ankati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Resistance Induction ◽  
Streptomyces Spp

Fate of Fenoxaprop-Ethyl Applied to Moisture-Stressed Smooth Crabgrass (Digitaria ischaemum)

Weed Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank S. Rossi ◽  
Joseph M. Di Tomaso ◽  
Joseph C. Neal
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Matric Potential ◽  
Relative Level ◽  
The Third ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Treated Leaf

Investigations of smooth crabgrass growth and fenoxaprop-ethyl retention, foliar penetration, translocation, and metabolism were conducted at various soil moisture levels using a polyethylene glycol (PEG) semipermeable membrane system. The activity of fenoxapropethyl was significantly reduced at higher levels of moisture stress and this antagonistic effect was greater with increased duration of water deficit following herbicide application. Fenoxaprop-ethyl spray retention decreased linearly (23% total reduction) as soil matric potential (Ψm) decreased from −0.01 to −0.1 MPa. Foliar penetration and translocation of14C-fenoxaprop-ethyl applied on the third true leaf were not affected by level or duration of moisture stress. Only 2% of the absorbed radioactivity was translocated out of the treated leaf for each moisture stress level and duration. As the soil Ψm decreased (−0.01 to −1.0 MPa) the relative levels of fenoxaprop-ethyl increased by 76 and 65% after a 48- and 96-h postapplication moisture stress period, respectively. In contrast, fenoxaprop acid decreased by 59 and 44% after 48 and 96 h of moisture stress, respectively. The relative level of fenoxaprop acid was linearly correlated to the antagonistic effect on shoot dry weight. These results suggest that decreased spray retention and, particularly, alterations in fenoxaprop-ethyl metabolism contribute to reduced fenoxaprop-ethyl activity observed in moisture-stressed smooth crabgrass.

Differential Absorption and Translocation of Metribuzin by Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum) and Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Devlin ◽  
David R. Gealy ◽  
Larry A. Morrow
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Bromus Tectorum ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Root Absorption ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
Total Plant

Foliar and root absorption and translocation of metribuzin (4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one) by downy brome (Bromus tectorumL. # BROTE) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) was determined. After a 48-h absorption period, roots of three-week-old downy brome plants had absorbed two times more metribuzin on a total plant fresh weight basis than had roots of winter wheat. Root-absorbed metribuzin was translocated similarly regardless of species with 80% of absorbed14C accumulating in leaf blades, 10% in the leaf sheaths, and 10% in the roots. After 24 h, leaves of downy brome and winter wheat had absorbed, respectively, 26 and 36% of foliar-applied metribuzin, and absorption increased threefold with the addition of a nonionic surfactant. Translocation of foliar-absorbed metribuzin was primarily towards the apex of the treated leaf. No translocation from the treated leaf to other plant parts occurred with either species. The greater tolerance of winter wheat to metribuzin is due in part to less root absorption of metribuzin by winter wheat than by downy brome.

scholarly journals Interaction of acetyl-CoA carboxylase enzyme inhibiting herbicides with auxin herbicides on ryegrass

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubens Antonio Polito ◽  
Larissa Pasqualotto ◽  
Rafael Dysarz ◽  
Rafaela Cinelli ◽  
Tamara Heck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Coenzyme A ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Antagonistic Interaction ◽  
Auxin Herbicides

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the antagonistic effect of the mixture ofacetyl coenzyme-A carboxylase (ACCase) enzyme inhibiting herbicides and auxin herbicides in Lolium multiflorum and to determine mechanisms to mitigate this possible effect. The first experiments were conducted by associating the herbicide clethodim (108 g a.i. ha−1), quizalofop-p-ethyl (54 g a.i. ha−1), and clethodim + quizalofop-p-ethyl (108+54 g a.i. ha−1) with 2,4-D (1005 g a.e. ha−1) or triclopyr (720 g a.e. ha−1), in addition to the sole application of the respective graminicides. Another experiment included clethodim (54; 81; 108; 162; 216 g a.i. ha−1), quizalofop-p-ethyl (27; 40.5; 54; 81; 108 g a.i. ha−1), and clethodim + quizalofop-p-ethyl (54+27; 81+40.5; 108+54; 162+81; 216+108 g a.i. ha−1) mixed with 2,4-D (1005 g a.e. ha−1), or triclopyr (720 g a.e. ha−1), in addition to the control treatments without herbicide application. In the second experiment, herbicides clethodim (108 g a.i. ha−1), quizalofop-p-ethyl (54 g a.i. ha−1), and clethodim + quizalofop-p-ethyl (108+54 g a.i. ha−1) in combination with the herbicides 2,4-D (1005 g a.e. ha−1) or triclopyr (720 g a.e. ha−1)had malathion (1000 g a.i. ha−1) or glyphosate (720 g a.e. ha−1) mixed, in addition to the sole applications of the graminicides. The herbicide clethodim + quizalofop-p-ethyl did not present an antagonistic interaction with the auxin herbicides, and obtained 85% weed control. To obtain control similar to the sole application of this graminicide, the dose of the herbicide clethodim needs to be increased by 20%. However, the mixture of the herbicide quizalofop-p-ethyl with 2,4-D and triclopyr affects the ryegrass control. The use of strategies that increase the absorption of ACCase herbicides or the inhibition of P450 enzymes are ways to mitigate the antagonistic effect caused by the association of the two auxin herbicides.

scholarly journals Behavior of Five Sulfonylurea Herbicides and a Low-Dose Glyphosate on Cynodon nlemfuensis Pasture

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Alexandre M. Brighenti ◽  
Flávio R. G. Benites ◽  
Fausto Souza Sobrinho ◽  
Carlos E. Martins ◽  
Wadson S. D. Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicides ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Metsulfuron Methyl ◽  
Total Death ◽  
Chlorimuron Ethyl ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis

African star grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst) is an excellent forage for animal feed, especially in tropical and subtropical climates. However, there is little information on weed management in African star grass pastures. Two experiments were carried out in 2017 and 2018 to evaluate the response of African star grass to five herbicides of the sulfonylureas chemical group and glyphosate at a low dose. The treatments were as follows: metsulfuron-methyl (Ally®) (7.8 and 15.6 g ai ha-1 plus 0.1% v/v mineral oil); chlorimuron-ethyl (Staron®) (15.0 and 30.0 g ai ha-1 plus 0.05% v/v mineral oil); halosulfuron (Sempra ®) (112.5 and 225.0 g ai ha-1 plus 0.1% v/v surfactant); ethoxysulfuron (Gladium®) (150.0 and 300.0 g ai ha-1); nicosulfuron (Sanson®) (60.0 and 120.0 g ai ha-1); glyphosate (Roundup Original®) (360 g ae ha-1); and a control without herbicide application. The herbicides nicosulfuron (60.0 and 120.0 g ai ha-1) and glyphosate were the most phytotoxic treatments; however, none of the treatments caused the total death of African star grass plants. The herbicides metsulfuron-methyl, chlorimuron-ethyl, halosulfuron and ethoxysulfuron were selective and are potential products for use in African star grass pastures.

scholarly journals 290 Nutrient Uptake by New Roots of Six Clonal Apple Rootstocks

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 492C-492
Author(s):  
Shufu Dong ◽  
Lailiang Cheng ◽  
L.H. Fuchigami
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Kinetic Characteristics ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Root Absorption ◽  
Maximum Uptake Rate ◽  
Nutrient Uptake Kinetics ◽  
Absorption Power ◽  
Stable Development ◽  
Growth Inhibiting

The nutrient uptake kinetics by new roots of 1-year-old potted clonal apple rootstocks (M7, M9, M26, M27, MM106, and MM111) were determined by the ion depletion technique at the stable development stage of trees in August. The total roots of five of the rootstocks (except MM111) consisted of more than 60% feeder roots and less than 12% extension roots. MM111, the most vigorous rootstocks tested, had 60.7% feeder roots and 24.5% extension roots. Root: top ratio was negatively related to the growth inhibiting character of the rootstock. Nutrient uptake by excised new roots was found to fit into Michaelis-Menton kinetic model for all rootstocks tested. The kinetic characteristics (maximum uptake rate, Imax, apparent Michaelis-Menton constant, Km, and root absorption power, (α = Imax•1/Km) between rootstocks differed significantly. MM111 had the highest Imax for NH4+ absorption and M9 for NO3-. Root affinity to ions was highest with MM106 for NH4+ and with M26 for NO3-. Root absorption power (α = Imax•1/Km) was greatest in MM106 for NH4+ and M9 for NO3-. At this developmental stage the data suggest no relationship between nutrient uptake and dwarfing character of the rootstocks.

Imazamox Absorption, Translocation, and Metabolism by Cereal Rye (Secale cereale) at Low Temperatures

Weed Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Ostlie ◽  
Dale Shaner ◽  
Melissa Bridges ◽  
Phillip Westra
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Warm Temperature ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Treated Leaf

AbstractCereal rye (Secale cerealeL.) control in wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) can be difficult with existing selective herbicides. High phenotypic diversity within populations coupled with suboptimal herbicide application conditions leads to varying degrees of control with herbicide treatments. The following research focused on the consequence of low temperature on imazamox fate inS. cereale. A greenhouse study was conducted to determine the number of warm-temperature days required for imazamox to controlS. cereale. Absorption, translocation, and metabolism of imazamox was evaluated under warm (22/18C) and cold (4/4C) temperatures to identify changes to the fate of imazamox under different environmental conditions. In greenhouse conditions, more than 5 d of warm temperature following herbicide application was required to achieve 80%S. cerealemortality. Absorption of imazamox was reduced 20% whenS. cerealewas subjected to cold compared with warm temperatures. Only 10% of applied imazamox was moved from the treated leaf in continuous cool temperatures compared with greater than 60% in warm conditions. In cold conditions, imazamox content increased in all tested plant parts evaluated for the duration of the study, whereas in warm conditions, imazamox concentrations decreased in root and crown tissues after 3 d. Imazamox behavior was affected more by temperature thanS. cerealegrowth stage.Secale cerealemetabolism of imazamox was reduced, but not stopped in cold temperatures. After 6 d, only a 10% difference in intact imazamox remained between temperature treatments. In cold temperatures, reduced absorption and translocation, coupled with continued metabolism, allow plants to recover from an otherwise lethal imazamox treatment.

Incidence, bionomics and management of spotted pod borer [Maruca vitrata (Geyer)] in major pulse crops in India-A review

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Mahalakshmi ◽  
M. Sreekanth ◽  
M. Adinarayana ◽  
Y. Pushpa Reni ◽  
Y. Koteswara Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Development Stage ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Economic Plant ◽  
Seasonal Incidence ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Pulse Crops ◽  
Pod Borer ◽  
Pod Development ◽  
Pod Development Stage ◽  
Total Life

Spotted pod borer is one of the major biotic constraint for pulses production which can cause damage to the economic plant parts such as flower buds, flowers and pods. The larvae feeds on 39 host species of legume crops. The seasonal incidence of spotted pod borer differed from crop to crop and season to season. However, the peak incidence of larvae was observed at flowering and pod development stage in different pulse crops. Female moths lays flat scaly eggs on floral buds, flowers, leaves, leaf axils, terminal shoots and tender pods. Larvae are translucent with dark brown spots on each segment and larval period lasted from 11 to 21 days and the duration of total life cycle varied from 27 to 36 days on different hosts. The efficacy of chemical insecticides belonging to different groups against spotted pod borer was well established on different pulse crops. Neem products such as neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) or neem oil and biocides like <italic>Bacillus thuringiensis</italic> (Bt) showed different levels of efficacy on different crops.

Sulfonylurea Herbicide Safety on Newly Sprigged Bermudagrass and Seashore Paspalum

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron J. Patton ◽  
Jon M. Trappe ◽  
Ronald E. Strahan ◽  
Jeffrey S. Beasley
Keyword(s):  
Application Rate ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicides ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicide ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Seashore Paspalum ◽  
Application Timing

Several sulfonylurea herbicides are labeled for use on established bermudagrass or seashore paspalum, but label recommendations for many of these chemicals vary for sprigged turf. The objective of this study was to determine the safety of various sulfonylurea herbicides on newly planted, ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass and ‘Aloha’ seashore paspalum sprigs in Arkansas and Louisiana. Treatments were arranged as a five by two by two factorial with five herbicides (foramsulfuron at 29 and 59 g ai ha−1, halosulfuron at 35 and 70 g ai ha−1, metsulfuron at 21 and 42 g ai ha−1, sulfosulfuron at 66 and 131 g ai ha−1, and trifloxysulfuron at 28 and 56 g ai ha−1), two herbicide rates (low and high), and two application timings at 2 or 4 wk after sprigging (WAS). There was no discernable herbicide injury to, or reduction in, Tifway bermudagrass coverage in Arkansas, regardless of herbicide, application timing, or application rate. Trifloxysulfuron and metsulfuron were more injurious than other herbicides in Louisiana when applied at 2 WAS to Tifway bermudagrass, but injury levels were acceptable (< 15%), and there was no long-term reduction in establishment. Metsulfuron or halosulfuron applied at 2 or 4 WAS and sulfosulfuron applied at 4 WAS allowed > 90% establishment of Aloha seashore paspalum at both locations. Both trifloxysulfuron and foramsulfuron were injurious to seashore paspalum and reduced its establishment. These results suggest that sulfonylurea herbicides can be safely applied shortly after sprigging to Tifway bermudagrass and that metsulfuron, halosulfuron, and sulfosulfuron could be useful herbicides for establishing Aloha seashore paspalum from sprigs.

Using Plant Growth Regulators to Limit Herbicide-Induced Stem Fragmentation of Aquatic Alligatorweed (Alternanthera philoxeroides)

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Clements ◽  
Tony M. Dugdale ◽  
Kym L. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Alternanthera Philoxeroides ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Eradication Program ◽  
Control Programs

Alligatorweed is subject to an eradication program in Victoria, Australia. In aquatic situations, the herbicides glyphosate and metsulfuron are used. Alligatorweed has been shown to break up soon after the application of these herbicides, resulting in the production of many stem fragments that are viable and capable of downstream colonization, compromising the effectiveness of the eradication program. This paper reports on an experiment to investigate the usefulness of commercially available plant growth regulators (PGRs) in reducing the number of viable propagules produced post-herbicide application. Three herbicide treatments (no herbicide, glyphosate, and metsulfuron) and four PGR treatments (no PGR, aviglycine [AVG], naphthalene acetic acid [NAA], and 2,4-D) were investigated in a factorial experiment. Chemicals were applied to alligatorweed growing in separate aquaria, the resulting stem fragments were collected and counted, and a subset was tested for viability. There was no evidence of PGRs having any effect on the total number of viable stem fragments produced. However, AVG reduced the total number of fragments produced. PGRs in combination with herbicide treatment had an antagonistic effect on the efficacy of the herbicides. PGRs increased belowground biomass of alligatorweed, as well as the number of apical growing tips present. Results indicate that although PGRs, particularly AVG, may be of benefit in reducing the number of alligatorweed propagules produced post-herbicide application, at the application rates tested here there would be no benefit from incorporating them into herbicide control programs for alligatorweed.

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