scholarly journals Belgrade episcopate between Orthodoxy and Catholicism (XI - the first decade of the XIV century)

2016 ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
Katarina Mitrovic ◽  
Marija Koprivica
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
The South ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Northern Border ◽  
Fourth Decade ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Eastern Border ◽  
John Xxii ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Temple

After two centuries of Bulgarian domination, Belgrade came under Byzantum empire rule in 1018. Together with other fifteen cities, Belgrade was mentioned as a bishop centre in a thorough act of the Ohrid Archbishopric, the first sigilion of Tzar Vasilije II Macedonian, from 1019. Belgrade episcopate also comprised Church centres in Gradac, Uzice, Bela Crkva and Glavetin with 40 clergymen and 40 village mayors, which means that it was one of the richest diocese of the Ohrid Archbisopric. Since Belgrade came under Byzantium rule, there have not been any big changes in the character of Church authorities as the Ohrid Archdiocese was established on the spiritual and cultural traditions of The first Bulgaran empire and Samuil`s state, its head was called an archbishop of Bulgaria and in terms of jurisdiction, it was completely independent of Contantinople patriarch. Short reign of Hungarian king Salomon in Belgrade (1071/72) did not lead to any changes in Church organistaion, although certain bishop Franco was mentioned by the King`s counselors. The consolidation of the Catholic Church organisation was enabled only from the fourth decade of the XIII century when Belgrade belonged to the Hungarian king. No later than the beginning of March 1232, according to the decision of the Pope Gregory IX of the Orthodox Eparchy, Belgrade and Branicevo were united with the newly established Episcopate of Syrmia which was founded as a missionary one with the clearly defined aim of the spread of Catholicism among the population of the other part of Syrmia (the regions on the south of the Sava, between the rivers of Drina and Kolubara) which, not long time ago, had been a part of the Diocese of Syrmia under the jurisdiction of the Ohrid Archbishopric. In the period of 1284-1389, Belgrade was under Serbian rule. King Dragutin built the Temple, the headquarters of the bishop of Macva of Serbian Church with the famous Icon of the Most Holy Mother of God, a well-known relic from the period of Byzantium rule, and some other churches, so there were many Orthodox priests in Belgrade and its surroundings. Episcopate of Macva Serbian Church was established in the period of 1284-1290, and it was situated on the country of Macva, i.e. Syrmia. The river Sava was on its northern border, the river of Drina was on the western one, while the Kolubara and the slopes of Avala and Kosmaj were on the eastern border, and the territory reached Crna Gora and Rudnik on the south. Its territory covered the regional unit of Macva only partially. On the basis of the data written down by the Archbishop Danilo II, an expert in Church issues of the time, it is quite uncertain whether there was a metropolitan`s residence in Belgrade. In order to solve the puzzle, some hypotheses were outlined in the reference to the political circumstances and Church practices. The firmly established organisation of the Serbian Church endangered the rights of Belgrade Diocese of the Roman Church; that is why the pope Nicholas IV (1288-1292) and John XXII (1316-1334) reacted in order to establish the Catholic jurisdiction. Although Belgrade bishops Martin and Benedict were mentioned in Latin sources from the nineties of the XIV century, Albensis capitulum, Magister Theodor Albensis Ecclesie Prepositus, Magister Demetrius Canonicus Albensis, those were only titlings. The moment of the formal establishment of the already founded clerical organisation was patiently awaited for. It happened after Belgrade had fallen under Hungarian rule again. Hungarian king Charles Robert was active in the strengthening of the position of the Roman Church. After 1319, the headquarters of the Macva bishop was relocated from Belgrade, but the Episcopate of Macva of the Serbian Church seemed to have continued its activities. The counties of Ub, Nepricava, Rabas, Pepeljevac, Ljig, Toplica, Upper and Lower Obna and the region of Crna Gora and Rudnik were under its jurisdiction, undoubtedly under the authority of the Serbian King. Most likely the Serbian bishop of Macva also had jurisdiction over the Orthodox clergy and the religious people in the regional units of Macva which were returned to Hungary in 1319.

scholarly journals MUSEUM PUBLICATIONS OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX – EARLY XX CENTURY IN THE RESEARCH OF NATIVE SCIENTISTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Nataliia Cherhik
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
The South ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article presents publications of the late 19th – early20th centuries, in which museum materials of Ukrainian originare studied and published. This refers to museum catalogs,albums and reports. The purpose of this article is to trace thedynamics of the use of these publications in scientific researchof colleagues during the late 19th – early 21th centuries. Theproposed analysis proved the fact that museographicpublications have acted an important role in scientificresearch for a long time, starting from the moment they werepublished until the present time. It was also found that as ahistorical source, museography was emphasized in threedirections: the basis for conclusions about historical facts; thefoundation for the protection of objects of history and museumresearch; and for museum attribution work. The context of theuse of museum publications has changed. In the 19th century,they were used to show the development of museums in thesouth of the Russian Empire. In the Soviet period, "prerevolutionary" museum publications were perceived as tracesof "bourgeois science." Modern researchers consider museumcatalogs, albums, reports of the late 19th – early 20th centuries as one of the aspects of themanifestation of the process of national revival in Ukraine at the frontier of the century. It was alsonoted that at the end of the 19th and throughout the 20th century, publications of archaeologicalcollections were more popular, especially materials found in the south of Ukraine. In the 21st century,the attention of researchers was attracted by materials from the period of the Cossacks. In general,there was a stable interest in Ukrainian museum publications of the late 19th – early 20th centuries.

THE HISTORY OF CATHOLICISM IN BASHKORTOSTAN: A BRIEF HISTORIOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
F.A. KRYZHANOVSKY ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
General Nature ◽  
South Urals ◽  
The South ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
History Of

The article examines the main publications covering the centuries-old history of the Catholic Church in the lands of modern Bashkortostan, as well as partly affecting the interaction of local Catholic communities with coreligionists from other cities located in the South Urals, as well as in the Middle Volga region. Unfortunately, there are quite a few special studies on the history of this Christian denomination in our republic. Many works, in one way or another related to this issue, are of a general nature and contain a schematic listing of factual information, or are more devoted to the history of national communities, for which this religion is, to a certain extent, one of the most important elements of traditional ethnic culture. Here it is necessary to note, first of all, publications on the history of the Polish and German diaspora, which provide information about the participation of representatives of these communities in the creation of Catholic parishes and public associations associated with charity and education. At the same time, the significance of the confessional aspect is to a much lesser extent revealed in works on the history of Latvian immigrants from Latgale, Belarusians and Ukrainians from Volyn and Eastern Galicia, who, due to various circumstances, left their homes during the First World War, as well as other Catholic emigrants from Central and Western Europe, located in the Ufa province at the beginning of the XX century. In some articles on demography and striking features of social stratification, one can find indirect references to the presence of Catholics, but this information only It is noteworthy that most publications indicate the middle of the 17th century as the earliest dating of the appearance of believing Catholics in the South Urals, and evidence of missionary trips to the Eastern Hungarians during the 13th-15th centuries allows us to make hypothetical assumptions about their role in the life of the local religious community. It can be noted that the presence of a certain part of Catholics on the territory of Bashkiria during the 16th20th centuries. was associated with forced migration due to the fact that, as a result of military clashes, some of them were captured, as well as due to participation in activities that conflicted with the interests of the Russian leadership are considered, with a few exceptions, only in the context of the problem of the origin of the Bashkir people, most likely due to the modest results of the preaching.

The forest margin vegetation of the South Urals (Bashkortostan Republic)

2009 ◽  
pp. 54-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Yamalov ◽  
S. V. Kucherova
Keyword(s):  
Southern Urals ◽  
South Urals ◽  
The South ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
New Associations ◽  
Class Distribution ◽  
Forest Margin ◽  
Eastern Border

The syntaxonomy of the Southern Urals’ forest margins in Bashkortostan Republic is presented. Three new associations and four communities are described. The criteria of identifying the forest margins communities to belong to the class Trifolio-Geranietea and the eastern border of the class distribution are discussed.

Archaeological Discoveries in Sicily and Magna Graecia

1939 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-228
Author(s):  
Umberto Zanotti-Bianco
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
The South ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Magna Graecia ◽  
South West ◽  
Southern Side ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Southern Flank

In my previous report (JHS, 1938, p. 247) I spoke of the work being carried on at Syracuse to bring to light the remains of the temple of Apollo. The east, north, and west sides had been freed by then, whilst the southern side was still hidden under seventeenth- and eighteenth-century houses, so that it had never been possible to dig trial trenches through their foundations to ascertain if any part of the temple was preserved there. The demolition of the houses and the excavation under the modern ground level beginning from the south-west angle have fully satisfied our hopes. Five columns of the southern flank of the peristasis have appeared, preserved to a height of over 2 metres, with the stylobate beneath them (Fig. 1): only the angle column had been destroyed during the building of the walls of the Spanish barracks. The cella is equally well preserved, and a third of its total length has already been liberated, although the work is in temporary suspense owing to unsettled disputes with the owners of the houses. The southern flank of the archaic Syracusan temple appears to be in much better condition than the others.

The Situation of Catholic Instruction in Transylvania during the Communist Takeover

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-52
Author(s):  
László Holló
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Virgin Mary ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
God's Will ◽  
School Network ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Moment ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Catholic Church

"In less than one year, the Catholic Church, just like the other denominations, lost its school network built along the centuries. This was the moment when the bishop wrote: “No one can resent if we shed tears over the loss of our schools and educational institutions”. Moreover, he stated that he would do everything to re-store the injustice since they could not resent if we used all the legal possibilities and instruments to retrieve our schools that we were illegally dispossessed of. Furthermore, he evaluated the situation realistically and warned the families to be more responsible. He emphasized the parents’ responsibility. First and foremost, the mother was the child’s first teacher of religion. She taught him the first prayers; he heard about God, Jesus, the Virgin Mary, and the angels from his mother for the first time. He asked for the mothers’ and the parents’ support also in mastering the teachings of the faith. Earlier, he already instructed the priests to organize extramu-ral biblical classes for the children and youth. At this point, he asked the families to cooperate effectively, especially to lead an ardent, exemplary religious life, so that the children would grow up in a religious and moral life according to God’s will, learn-ing from the parents’ examples. And just as on many other occasions throughout history, the Catholic Church started building again. It did not build spectacular-looking churches and schools but rather modest catechism halls to bring communities together. These were the places where the priests of the dioceses led by the bishop’s example and assuming all the persecutions, incessantly educated the school children to the love of God and of their brethren, and the children even more zealously attended the catechism classes, ignoring their teachers’ prohibitions. Keywords: Márton Áron, Diocese of Transylvania, confessional religious education, communism, nationalization of catholic schools, Catholic Church in Romania in 1948."

Differences in the rupture process for very deep earthquakes at the Peru-Brazil and Peru-Bolivia borders 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Buforn ◽  
Carmen Pro ◽  
Hernando Tavera ◽  
Agustin Udias ◽  
Maurizio Mattesini
Keyword(s):  
Focal Depth ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Rupture Process ◽  
The South ◽  
Nazca Plate ◽  
Deep Earthquakes ◽  
Pressure Axis ◽  
Rate Functions ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Epicentral Location

<p>We analyze the differences in the rupture process for twelve very deep earthquakes (h>500 km) at the Peruvian-Brazilian subduction zone. These earthquakes are produced by the contact between the Nazca and the South America Plates. We have estimated the focal mechanism from teleseismic waveforms, using the slip inversion over the rupture plane, testing rupture velocities ranging from 2.5 km/s to 4.5 km/s, and analyzing the slip distribution for each  rupture velocity. The selected 12 earthquakes have occurred in the period 1994- 2016, with magnitudes between 5.9 and 8.2 and focal depth 500- 700 km. They can be separated in two groups attending to their epicentral location. The first group is formed by 9 events located, in the Peruvian-Brazil border, with epicenters following a NNW-SSE alignment, parallel to the trench. Their focal mechanisms present solutions of normal faulting with planes oriented in NS direction, dipping about 45 degrees and with vertical pressure axis. The second group is formed by three earthquakes located to the south of the first group in northern Bolivia. Their mechanisms show dip-slip motion with a near vertical plane, oriented in NW-SE direction and the pressure axis dipping 45º to the NE. The moment rate functions correspond to single ruptures with time durations from 6s to 12s, with the exception of the large 1994 Bolivian earthquake (Mw = 8.2) which presents a complex and longer STF. The different mechanisms for the two groups of earthquakes confirm the different dip of the subducting Nazca plate at the two areas, with the steeper part at the southern one.  </p>

scholarly journals An Empire of Memory: Overseas British War Cemeteries, 1917–1983

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-286
Author(s):  
Sam Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
British Government ◽  
The South ◽  
Informal Empire ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The One

This article examines how a post-1918 Edwardian commemorative aesthetic focused on the “English Garden” was deployed in the later twentieth century as a means to establish an “informal” Empire of memory. The result is an architectural irony and a landscape at odds with the moment that made it: the post-1945 cemeteries of the Imperial War Graves Commission (IWGC) expanded the now defunct Empire’s commemorative possessions just as the actual deeds to land were surrendered. The one exception to this story of contemporaneous political withdrawal and commemorative appropriation nonetheless proves the broader point. For after the bloody imperial war fought in the South Atlantic in 1982 the Commission, at the behest of the British government, built its first and last post-1945 overseas war cemetery. And just as had been the case sixty years earlier, the form and style of this cemetery ensured it became the last outpost of an Edwardian Empire of memory.

scholarly journals A Study of Customers’ Behavior in the Use of Pharmaceutical Services – Drugstores in the South of Vietnam

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Chia-Nan Wang ◽  
Dinh-Chien Dang ◽  
Nguyen Van Thanh ◽  
Pham Ky Quang
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Pharmaceutical Services ◽  
The South ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Survey Questions ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Qualitative Methodologies

The current situation in Vietnam is that patients with their illness can easily go to drugstores to buy medicine by their own prescriptions or drugstore ones. This exists for a long time. This research is not focus on the ways to combat this phenomenon, but we aim to study the factors that are affecting behaviors of patients in choosing drugstores in the South of Vietnam. We employed both quantitative and qualitative methodologies for this research; 400 people responded to survey questions and 10 people involved in interviews. Briefly analysis from quantitative study showed that the affected factors are price and process, which is convenient, and people answered to interview agreed that price and product are the important factors for them to go to drugstores. Hence, the sales and policies makers should pay attention to the needs of customers in doing business of drugstores.

scholarly journals Ernst May and the Campaign to Resettle the Countryside: Rural Housing in Silesia, 1919-1925

2002 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan R. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Rural Housing ◽  
Housing Program ◽  
Third Way ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
The Veil ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact

In 1919 Ernst May became the head of rural housing for the province of Silesia in eastern Germany. Silesian agriculture had long suffered from rural flight. The situation worsened in 1922 when the partition brokered by the Allies brought chaos in the mining industry and a flood of refugees. As head of the provincial stabilization effort called interior colonization, May was in charge of settlement programs to aid three constituencies of special concern: the farmworkers, the miners, and the refugees. Between 1919 and 1923, Germany's national rural housing effort employed a contradictory strategy of modernization set within corporative ideology, a "third way" that trumpeted a quasi-feudal social order as a path to political accord. May's Silesian work chronicles the impact of Modernism and corporatism on early Weimar housing: his settlements for farmworkers and miners celebrated their unique cultural traditions, while he experimented in rationalization techniques to increase housing production and reduce costs. With corporatism's decline after Germany's return to economic stability in 1924, modernization was increasingly accepted as an unalloyed virtue, and the veil of corporatism lifted. In 1924, challenged by the circumstances of the refugee housing program just at the moment the corporative compromise came to an end, May engaged in a series of experiments in polychromy, prefabricated construction, mass production, and standardization that reflected a more purely modern approach to the housing problem.

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