scholarly journals Structure of social attitudes based on lexical approach in Serbian-speaking area

Sociologija ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boban Petrovic ◽  
Janko Medjedovic
Keyword(s):  
Political Correctness ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Western Democracy ◽  
Sources Of Authority ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Universal Structure ◽  
Lexical Approach ◽  
High Level

Although usually applied in the field of personality psychology, in the last decade there were attempts of applying the lexical paradigm in the studies social attitudes studies. One of those attempts was made by Saucier (2000), who included and analyzed all the words ending with the suffix ?-ism?. The product of this analyze is a two-form instrument called "Survey of Dictionary-Based Isms (SDI)", with its long, 40-item version, and brief, 28-item version. This instrument measures four main dimensions of basic social attitudes: alphaisms (traditional and religious sources of authority), betaisms (dismissing political correctness), gammaisms (believing in Western democracy) and deltaisms (personal spirituality). Until now, this instrument was only used in English-speaking area, and therefore the objective of this research was evaluation and validation of Saucier?s basic structure of social attitudes model in the Serbian-speaking area. In this research, conducted on the sample of 253 participants, both sexes, average age of 39.3 years (SD=14.9), a slightly shortened version of Saucier?s 24-item questionnaire was used. The results of this study contribute to the hypothesis of a universal structure of basic social attitudes: the factor analysis extracted four factors, which correlate from moderate to high level with the original dimensions. However, the structure and content of the factors pointed to a strong cultural influence on the forming and shaping the basic social attitudes. Practically, only the first factor, Religiosity, is a full replication of the original alpha factor. Other items built the factors somewhat different from the original: Hedonism, Rational Spirituality and Nationalism. The results show a better fitness of the model obtained in this study for the Serbian-speaking area compared to the original one.

Puzzles Unpuzzled

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (CHI PLAY) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Andrey Krekhov ◽  
Katharina Emmerich ◽  
Ronja Rotthaler ◽  
Jens Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Design Framework ◽  
Emotional Challenges ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Board Games ◽  
Current State ◽  
Prior Literature ◽  
High Level

Escape rooms exist in various forms, including real-life facilities, board games, and digital implementations. The underlying idea is always the same: players have to solve many diverse puzzles to (virtually) escape from a locked room. Within the last decade, we witnessed a rapidly increasing popularity of such games, which also amplified the amount of related research. However, the respective academic landscape is mostly fragmented in its current state, lacking a common model and vocabulary that would withstand these games' variety. This manuscript aims to establish such a foundation for the analysis and construction of escape rooms. In a first step, we derive a high-level design framework from prior literature. Then, as our main contribution, we establish an atomic puzzle taxonomy that closes the gap between the analog and digital domains. The taxonomy is developed in multiple steps: we compose a basic structure based on previous literature and systematically refine it by analyzing 39 analog and digital escape room games, including recent virtual reality representatives. The final taxonomy consists of mental, physical, and emotional challenges, thereby providing a robust and approachable basis for future works across all application domains that deal with escape rooms or puzzles in general.

Political Correctness Beliefs, Threatened Identities, and Social Attitudes

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard N. Lalonde ◽  
Lara Doan ◽  
Lorraine A. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Political Correctness ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Threatened Identities

scholarly journals A Study on Communication Breakdowns between Native and Non-native Speakers in English Speaking Classes

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 01-06
Author(s):  
Tran Tin Nghi ◽  
Luu Quy Khuong
Keyword(s):  
Information Overload ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Language Differences ◽  
Intercultural Awareness ◽  
Communication Problems ◽  
Native Teachers ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
High Level ◽  
Communication Breakdowns

English majored students have a positive influence on intercultural awareness in learning a foreign language. In their classes, they are often asked to discuss some academic matters in British cultural beliefs. Although they have a high level of proficiency in English communication, there often encountered misunderstandings between them when they interpret things or present academic matters. As a result, students cannot achieve plurilingual and pluricultural competence in the course. This paper was conducted to investigate communication problems between Vietnamese learners of English and Native teachers at HUFI. The data were collected from 28 participants who are third-year students and four different lecturers from different countries. The findings revealed that sources were mainly clustered for the following reasons: perceptual and language differences, information overload, inattention time pressures, distraction/noise emotions, complexity in organizational structure, and poor retention. The perceptual and language differences, information overload, and emotions were mainly responsible for the quality of communication. This paper can help students engage in awareness-raising activities that promote understanding in some contacts and discussions.

scholarly journals THE "GREAT TERROR” AS A CONSEQUENCE OF THE STRUGGLE WITHIN THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE CPSU

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
Т.З. БАБАЕВ
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Expectations ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Local Leadership ◽  
Cultural Foundations

В статье рассмотрена одна из причин начала «Большого террора». Противостояние Сталина с другими представителями ЦК КПСС, а также внезапное убийство С.М. Кирова привели к «чисткам» внутри политического и военного руководства Советского Союза. Поиск виноватых продолжился и среди простого населения, поскольку в стране отмечалось невыполнение «планов» чистки. Также проанализирована отечественная историография 1950-2000-х гг. по проблеме «Большого террора». Сталинская система опиралась на механизм «чрезвычайщины» на всем протяжении своего существования: волны террора прокатились в 1930–1932 гг., в 1932–1934 гг., в 1936–1938 гг., в 1939–1945 гг., в 1946–1953 гг. С точки зрения автора, масштабы массового террора в 1930–1932 и в 1936–1938 гг. сопоставимы по своей ожесточенности, скоротечности и количеству репрессированных. Историографический анализ показал, что российские историки достигли консенсуса по базовой структуре «Большого террора». Ряд аспектов проблемы сохраняет свою дискуссионность: предпосылки и причины, периодизация, причины завершения; другие требуют дополнительного исследования: роль культурного генотипа и социальных настроений общества, последствия террора. Автор, вопреки преобладающему мнению, включает в содержание «Большого террора» репрессии против элиты наряду с массовым террором, «антикулацкой» и «национальными» операциями. Применение методов новейшей социальной истории заставляет глубже задуматься о социокультурных основаниях террора. Акцентируя внимание на исключительной роли Сталина в организации «Большого террора», не следует забывать, что диктатор действовал, находя опору в утопических социальных ожиданиях и ментальности крестьянских масс, «комбатантной брутальности» своих сподвижников, порожденной опытом Гражданской войны. The article discusses the reasons for the beginning of the "Great Terror". The influence of the NKVD № 00447, which was one of the main regulators of the terror of the late 30s, is comprehended. The position of the "triples" in sentencing on the basis of the report of the Prosecutor's Office of the USSR has been studied. The severity of the sentence received is determined depending on belonging to a certain category in the gradation of the accused. The influence of the local leadership on a significant increase in the number of repressed citizens is considered. The domestic historiography of the 1950s-2000s on the actual problem of the "Great Terror" is also analyzed. The Stalinist system relied on the mechanism of "extraordinary" throughout its existence: waves of terror swept in 1930-1932, in1932-1934, in1936-1938, in1939-1945, in1946- 1953. From the author's point of view, the scale of the mass terror of 1930-1932 and 1936-1938 are comparable in their bitterness, transience and the number of repressed. Historiographical analysis has shown that a consensus has been reached among Russian historians on the basic structure of the "Great Terror". A number of aspects of the problem remain controversial: prerequisites and causes, periodization, reasons for completion; others require additional research: the role of the cultural genotype and social attitudes of society, the consequences of terror, etc. The author, contrary to the prevailing opinion, includes in the content of the "Great Terror" repression against the elite along with the mass terror of "anti-Kulak" and "national" operations. The application of the methods of modern social history makes us think more deeply about the socio-cultural foundations of terror. Focusing on the exceptional role of Stalin in the organization of the "Great Terror", we should not forget that the dictator acted, finding support in utopian social expectations and the mentality of the unbridled masses, the "combatant brutality" of his associates, generated by the experience of the Civil War.

scholarly journals Problems and Needs Analysis of English for Tourism Industry: A Case of Hotel Staff in Phang Nga Province, Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanyakorn Sermsook ◽  
◽  
Rattaneekorn Nakplad ◽  
Ladawan Jantawong
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
English Writing ◽  
Writing Problems ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
High Level ◽  
Sustainable Recovery ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods ◽  
Or Applications

Tourism is an important industry that has created a lot of income for many nations, including Thailand; therefore, it is essential to increase its potential as a more sustainable and successful industry, in particular to support a sustainable recovery of nations’ economies after a tough situation like Covid-19. The present study was carried out to investigate tourism staff’s problems and needs for using English at work and to explore their needs for improving English for their work. The participants were 200 hotel staff in Phang Nga Province, Thailand. Data were collected through a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. Quantitative and qualitative methods were employed for data analysis. The findings showed that in general, the hotel staff’s problem in using English at work was at a moderate level (M=2.76, S.D.=1.11). They had English writing problems the most. They found it very difficult to write letters or e-mails in English. Regarding their needs for using English, it was found that every English skill was rated at a high level (M=3.75, S.D.=1.11), and English speaking was the most necessary. The hotel staff reported that they had to speak English to welcome, greet and say good-bye to foreign guests. Pertaining to their needs for improving English, overall, the hotel staff needed to improve their English skills at a high level (M=3.85, S.D.=0.98). They highly needed to improve their English use in every aspect, especially English listening. Based on the interview information, English courses, handbooks or applications relating to English for hotels are truly needed for their English use improvement.

scholarly journals Classroom Interaction In English Speaking Class (A Study At Sma Santu Fransiskus Ruteng, Flores)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 311
Author(s):  
Gabriel Fredi Daar
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Interaction ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
English Teacher ◽  
Teacher Pay ◽  
Classroom Activities ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
High Level

<em>Classroom interaction emphasizes on the effectiveness of the students participation in the dialogue, and finally improving the ability of speaking. It involves all participants; teacher, learners and learning sources. There are some different purpose of using speaking. Each purpose implies knowledge of the rules that account for how spoken language reflects the context in which the speech occurs (Richard and Renandya, 2002:201). The study aims at finding out how classroom interaction employed in speaking class at SMA Santu Fransiskus Ruteng, Flores.  It’s used mixed method combining the use of descriptive quantitative and qualitative study design with phenomenological approach. It’s used random sampling, with 45 students taken as the samples. Meanwhile, employing a qualitative research design and phenomenological approach, the data for this study are mostly collected through interview completed by observation and documentation. For the purpose of deep interview, the participants are 1 English teacher and 4 students taken purposively. The study showed that 1) there is one aspect of classroom interaction mostly categorized as high level of implementation; Response and Asks Questions (28=62.2%). Data of interviewed confirmed that students needs appreciation for learning progress or achievement they may make. It encourages them to be more active and participative. 2) Feelings acceptance, praises or encouragement, and  ideas use or acceptance implementation (40=88.9%) and giving directions, criticisms or authority justification (38=84.4%) were mostly in the category of medium level. Meanwhile, initiation was mostly in the category of low level (24=53.3%). Data of interview confirmed that low initiation is caused by students learning habit. Most students do the activities of learning English when English teacher fosters them to learn. It’s in the form of quiz, assignment, mid test or final test. Leaning is merely conducted to improve and increase English score. Other activities such as memorizing vocabularies, writing stories, answering questions based on the passages, building up sentences and other classroom activities designed are done under teacher’s control and design. In the next phase, students find it difficult to accomplish complex tasks. They are only able to accomplish simple tasks. Learning autonomy which is oriented to build up speaking ability hardly ever done.  To this extend, English teacher pay more attention to the topic chosen in teaching learning processes. It determines whether the students initiate interaction or not.</em>

The Effect of Religious Orthodoxy: A Statistical Analogy

1980 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin Rytting ◽  
Harold T. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Brigham Young University ◽  
Extended Analysis ◽  
Mormon Church ◽  
High Level

In a study of religious and social attitudes of Mormon students at Brigham Young University, Christensen and Cannon (1978) found dramatic increases in religious orthodoxy from 1935 to 1973. The present extended analysis of their data explores the effects of this high level of religious orthodoxy. As conformity to the orthodox position increased, the influence of demographic variables (except membership in the Mormon Church) almost disappeared. An attempt to derive reliable scales from the data failed due to the lack of variance within the data, but provided an analogy. It is suggested that the lack of variability in opinions reflected in the Mormon students' orthodoxy may be dysfunctional just as the lack of variance in the data makes them less meaningful than they otherwise would be.

scholarly journals The Price Equation Program: Simple Invariances Unify Population Dynamics, Thermodynamics, Probability, Information and Inference

Entropy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Frank
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Mathematical Structure ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Price Equation ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Universal Structure ◽  
Powerful Constraint ◽  
Fundamental Equations ◽  
Probability Information

The fundamental equations of various disciplines often seem to share the same basic structure. Natural selection increases information in the same way that Bayesian updating increases information. Thermodynamics and the forms of common probability distributions express maximum increase in entropy, which appears mathematically as loss of information. Physical mechanics follows paths of change that maximize Fisher information. The information expressions typically have analogous interpretations as the Newtonian balance between force and acceleration, representing a partition between the direct causes of change and the opposing changes in the frame of reference. This web of vague analogies hints at a deeper common mathematical structure. I suggest that the Price equation expresses that underlying universal structure. The abstract Price equation describes dynamics as the change between two sets. One component of dynamics expresses the change in the frequency of things, holding constant the values associated with things. The other component of dynamics expresses the change in the values of things, holding constant the frequency of things. The separation of frequency from value generalizes Shannon’s separation of the frequency of symbols from the meaning of symbols in information theory. The Price equation’s generalized separation of frequency and value reveals a few simple invariances that define universal geometric aspects of change. For example, the conservation of total frequency, although a trivial invariance by itself, creates a powerful constraint on the geometry of change. That constraint plus a few others seem to explain the common structural forms of the equations in different disciplines. From that abstract perspective, interpretations such as selection, information, entropy, force, acceleration, and physical work arise from the same underlying geometry expressed by the Price equation.

Social-Cognitive Mechanisms and Personality Coherence: Self-Knowledge, Situational Beliefs, and Cross-Situational Coherence in Perceived Self-Efficacy

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Cervone
Keyword(s):  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
High Level

This article presents a social-cognitive analysis of cross-situational coherence in personality functioning Social-cognitive analyses are contrasted with those of trait approaches in personality psychology Rather than attributing coherence to high-level constructs that correspond directly to observed patterns of social behavior, social-cognitive theory pursues a “bottom-up” analytic strategy in which coherence derives from interactions among multiple underlying causal mechanisms, no one of which corresponds directly to a broad set of responses Research investigating social and self-knowledge underlying cross-situational coherence in a central social-cognitive mechanism, perceived self-efficacy, is presented Idio-graphic analyses revealed that individuals' schematic self-knowledge and situational beliefs give rise to patterns of high and low self-efficacy appraisal across diverse, idiosyncratic sets of situations that do not, in general, correspond to traditional high-level trait categories Bottom-up analyses in personality psychology are related to other disciplines' analyses of organization in complex, adaptive systems

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