scholarly journals Effects of modernization on components of national identity in contemporary European states

Sociologija ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-379
Author(s):  
Mladen Lazic ◽  
Jelena Pesic
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Economic Factor ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
University Education ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Basic Hypothesis

The article presents the results of an analysis of attitudes of population in seventeenEuropean countries on the importance of components of national identity - cultural, ascriptive and civic - based on the data collected in a survey (INTUNE project). The hypothesis that modernization processes influence the strengthening of the civic component as well as the weakening of ascriptive and cultural components is being checked. Differences in identity formation between countries with specific historical legacies (democratic tradition, dominant religious denomination, and ethnic composition) and structural characteristics (GDP per capita, level of urbanization, migration rate, and tertiary education attainment rate) is being analyzed, as well as the significance of different individual predictors (such as gender, age and university education). In addition to the confirmation of the basic hypothesis, the results suggest that the modernization effects of examined factors (economic, cultural and political) are visible only up to a certain level of development, whereupon they tend to decrease their influence. The strongest influence on the strength of civic components is recorded with an economic factor - GDP per capita. Although civic components proved to be dominant in shaping the national identities across the examined countries, the other two traits - ascriptive and cultural - do not disappear, testifying to the still existing hybrid nature of national identity.

scholarly journals On Progress of Mass Tertiary Education: Case of Lebanon, Kenya and Oman

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Zhimin Liu ◽  
Gladys Mutinda
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Academic Standards ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Mass Higher Education ◽  
Tertiary Institutions ◽  
World Class ◽  
Per Capita

<p>Mass higher education is a huge force to be reckoned with and its existence, already in the expansion of tertiary institutions is undeniable. This study will focus on three countries: Lebanon, Kenya and Oman. The purpose of this study is to evaluate mass tertiary education progress in these countries. It will synthesize data results of gross enrollment ratios, demographics, internationalization and GDP per capita of these countries which we will use as indicators of the progress and direction that mass tertiary education is taking. The principal conclusions of our data will reveal that all 3 countries are experiencing progress only at different rates for varied and different reasons. The findings of this paper are significant as they will aid in informing the governments of the specific countries and other stakeholders who invest in higher education to understand the challenges hindering progress and ensuring that world class academic standards are upheld.</p>

scholarly journals Does the post-socialist past determine the relationship between GDP per capita and education? Evidence from Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-589
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Banász ◽  
Vivien Valéria Csányi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Enrolment Rate ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

Education is one of the key factors of economic growth. Despite the huge amount of researches investigating the relationship between education and GDP as a proxy of well-being, to the best of our knowledge, none of these studies examined a group of post-socialist countries comparing with not-post-socialist countries. This paper aims to fill this gap. We examine the correlation between growth and education with panel data evidence for 18 post-socialist (PS) countries and 16 developed market economies (DME) over the 1990–2014 period. The goal of this paper is to test two hypotheses: (i) The relationship between GDP per capita and tertiary education’s enrolment rate is stronger in the post-socialist countries than in other countries. (ii) In the post-socialist countries, the relationship between GDP per capita and tertiary education’s enrolment rate is stronger than the relationship between GDP per capita and any other level of education. Correlation analyses confirmed both hypotheses. Our findings suggest that the patterns of relationship between GDP and measures of tertiary education are different for PS and DME countries and would be interesting to observe when and how the gap between the patterns disappears.

Knowledge Capabilities and Regional Growth: an Econometric Analysis for European Developed Regions

2009 ◽  
pp. 45-70
Author(s):  
Alessandro Sterlacchini ◽  
Francesco Venturini
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Regional Growth ◽  
Spatial Models ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

- By means of different econometric techniques, this paper estimates the relationship between the knowledge capabilities (i.e. the extent of R&D activities and higher education) and the GDP per capita growth of European developed regions. Along with structural features and initial income levels, our estimations account for the presence of spatial dependence. We find that regional growth is positively affected by the intensity of R&D and the share of adults with tertiary education. These findings are robust to alternative estimation procedures, as they arise from both OLS regressions with country demeaned variables and ML estimations of different spatial models. Keywords: Regional growth, knowledge capabilities, spatial dependence.Keywords: Crescita economica regionale, disuguaglianze regionali, regioni italiane.Parole chiave: Crescita regionale, capacitŕ tecnologiche, dipendenza spaziale.JEL classification: R11, O33, C31

scholarly journals Wage Level as One of the Most Important Indicators of the Quantitative Aspect of the Standard of Living of the Population and Selected Indicators of Economic Maturity in OECD Member Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-344
Author(s):  
Diana Bílková
Keyword(s):  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Quantitative Aspect ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Average Wage ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Per Capita

The present paper focuses on the comparison of wage levels across OECD countries, the research data coming from an official OECD website. The following eight variables are employed in this study – the average wage, minimum wage, GDP per capita, tertiary education attainment, employment ratio, trade unions, labour productivity and inflation rate. The average wage represents the main explained variable in regression and correlation analysis, the remaining seven variables being used as potential explanatory ones. In order to compare living standards in different countries, average and minimum wages as well as per capita GDP data were adjusted to relative purchasing power parity. The principal objective was to identify which explanatory variables statistically significantly affect the average wage. The analysis showed that only three of them – namely the employment ratio, GDP per capita and labour productivity – have a significant effect at a 5% statistical level. The regression hyperplane with a forward stepwise selection was applied. Nine clusters of OECD countries were created based on both all the eight variables and four of them selected in regression analysis (the average wage and three explanatory ones) with the aim to identify the countries that coexist in the same cluster. Ward's method and Euclidean distance are utilized in cluster analysis, the number of clusters being determined with the use of the Dunn index. The study also aims at the prediction of the average wage by 2022, which was made via exponential smoothing of time series. (The greatest purchasing power is reported by Luxembourg, Switzerland, Iceland, the U.S., the Netherlands, Denmark, Norway and Austria, the highest average wage growth rate by 2022 being expected in the Baltic and some other post-communist countries.)

scholarly journals Educación superior y crecimiento económico en Colombia (1971-2016): una relación de cointegración.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brayan Alexander Baron Ortegon
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Vec Model ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

This article analyzes the relation between GDP per capita (CPIBpc) and access to tertiary education, seen from the perspective of growth rate of the number of enrollments (TCMes) in higher education in Colombia for the period (1971-2016). By using a VEC model and assuming everything else constant, it is concluded that TCMes Granger caused the Colombian GDP per capita and vice-versa, therefore, the existence of a long run relation between both variables is verified. This result helps to explain the dynamics of Colombian economic growth per capita of the last forty-five years and the impact of the accumulation of human capital on it.

Searching for new Sources of growth. Are the Developing Countries Catching up with the Developed ones?

2015 ◽  
pp. 30-53
Author(s):  
V. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
The West ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Divergence ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Relative Standing

This paper examines the trajectory of growth in the Global South. Before the 1500s all countries were roughly at the same level of development, but from the 1500s Western countries started to grow faster than the rest of the world and PPP GDP per capita by 1950 in the US, the richest Western nation, was nearly 5 times higher than the world average and 2 times higher than in Western Europe. Since 1950 this ratio stabilized - not only Western Europe and Japan improved their relative standing in per capita income versus the US, but also East Asia, South Asia and some developing countries in other regions started to bridge the gap with the West. After nearly half of the millennium of growing economic divergence, the world seems to have entered the era of convergence. The factors behind these trends are analyzed; implications for the future and possible scenarios are considered.

Atlas of economic complexity, Russian regional pages

2018 ◽  
pp. 71-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. L. Lyubimov ◽  
M. V. Lysyuk ◽  
M. A. Gvozdeva
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Export Diversification ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Economic Complexity ◽  
Diversification Strategies ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Regions Of Russia

Well-established results indicate that export diversification might be a better growth strategy for an emerging economy as long as its GDP per capita level is smaller than an empirically defined threshold. As average incomes in Russian regions are likely to be far below the threshold, it might be important to estimate their diversification potential. The paper discusses the Atlas of economic complexity for Russian regions created to visualize regional export baskets, to estimate their complexity and evaluate regional export potential. The paper’s results are consistent with previous findings: the complexity of export is substantially higher and diversification potential is larger in western and central regions of Russia. Their export potential might become larger if western and central regions, first, try to join global value added chains and second, cooperate and develop joint diversification strategies. Northern and eastern regions are by contrast much less complex and their diversification potential is small.

The Reproduction Vector of the Russian Economy: 1999-2007

2008 ◽  
pp. 94-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Real Sector ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Developed Countries

The problem of the Russian economy’s growth rates is considered in the article in the context of Russia’s backwardness regarding GDP per capita in comparison with the developed countries. The author stresses the urgency of modernization of the real sector of the economy and the recovery of the country’s human capital. For reaching these goals short- or mid-term programs are not sufficient. Economic policy needs a long-term (15-20 years) strategy, otherwise Russia will be condemned to economic inertia and multiplying structural disproportions.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair Fox
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Coming Of Age ◽  
Financial Returns ◽  
Self Recognition ◽  
International Audience ◽  
National Identity Formation

The conclusion reaffirms the essential role played by cinema generally, and the coming-of-age genre in particular, in the process of national identity formation, because of its effectiveness in facilitating self-recognition and self-experience through a process of triangulation made possible, for the most part, by a dialogue with some of the nation’s most iconic works of literature. This section concludes by point out the danger posed, however, by an observable trend toward generic standardization in New Zealand films motivated by a desire to appeal to an international audience out of consideration for the financial returns expected by funding bodies under current regimes.

The monetary value of disability-adjusted-life-years lost in Kenya in 2017.pdf

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joses Kirigia ◽  
Rose Nabi Deborah Karimi Muthuri
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
World Health ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Current Health ◽  
Monetary Value ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Per Capita

<div>A variant of human capital (or net output) analytical framework was applied to monetarily value DALYs lost from 166 diseases and injuries. The monetary value of each of the 166 diseases (or injuries) was obtained through multiplication of the net 2019 GDP per capita for Kenya by the number of DALYs lost from each specific cause. Where net GDP per capita was calculated by subtracting current health expenditure from the GDP per capita. </div><div> </div><p>The DALYs data for the 166 causes were from IHME (Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network, 2018), GDP per capita data from the International Monetary Fund world economic outlook database (International Monetary Fund, 2019), and the current health expenditure per person data from the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database (World Health Organization, 2019b). A model consisting of fourteen equations was calculated with Excel Software developed by Microsoft (New York).</p><p> </p>

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