scholarly journals Crossroads of demography

Stanovnistvo ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-38
Author(s):  
Mirjana Devedzic
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
Demographic Research ◽  
Cognitive Capacities ◽  
Spatial Demography ◽  
The Core ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Development Phases

This paper is dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the Stanovnistvo (Population) journal, launched by the Center for demographic research in Belgrade in 1963. The anniversary is an opportunity to reflect on developments and trends in demography as a discipline, thus the paper points out certain specifics of these developments. The specifics discussed mirror the author's choice, which was guided primarily by the criterion of interestingness, but also by the intention to make a survey. Hence points about the development of demography are backed by insights made by a number of other demographers. The major source of references were papers and speeches given on similar occasions - anniversaries of journals, anniversaries of associations of demographers, as well as special issues of journals dedicated to theory and methodology. Certain points are also made based on other sources of reference. The major part of the paper is related to transformations of demography, which has started as a predominantly formal discipline and has developed into a social and interdisciplinary field. Topical and methodological expansion of demography induces mixed reactions among demographers. Ones welcome its diversification, whereas others see such changes as signs of abandoning the essence of demography. This makes it harder and harder to define the area of demographic research. Changes in demography are mostly studied from the standpoint of polarized dimensions: quantitative-qualitative, macro-micro, and, in the context of diversification, formal demography vs. population studies. Another important segment of development trends in demography is that of improving its vocabulary, which is affected by other fields related to demography. Terminological changes are also related to the specification of certain branches and subfields of demography. For instance, anthropological and spatial demography have roots in earlier development phases of demography. Still, these terms have become popular at a later stage, only when the methodological and cognitive capacities of the corresponding research approaches have increased. The paper also indicates that demographers do not find new inspiration only outside of the core demographic problems. As an example, man fertility is briefly discussed as an increasingly popular topic in literature during the last decade. Finally, attractive presentation of demographic content is found to be very important for visibility and applicability of demography, which is illustrated by interpreting some of the most frequently videos related to demography on YouTube. The paper concludes that different paths that open during the development of demography are not incompatible, that they represent demographers' diverse choices, and that they all contribute to strengthening the field.

Family Planning

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-65
Author(s):  
Emily Klancher Merchant
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Human Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Demographic Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Carnegie Corporation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The New Deal

Chapter 2 documents the establishment of demography, the social science of human population dynamics, in the United States during the 1930s. It contends that this interdisciplinary field was able to build an institutional structure because of support from eugenicist Frederick Osborn, who saw in demography an ally for the creation of a postracial democratic version of eugenics. Osborn’s new brand of eugenics emphasized birth control rather than sterilization and worked through the private sector rather than the public sector. He fused birth control advocacy with eugenics in a strategy he termed “family planning,” which signaled reproductive autonomy in the context of social control. Osborn secured patronage for demography from the Milbank Memorial Fund and the Carnegie Corporation, and an audience for demographic research in the New Deal welfare state. He leveraged his influence to focus demography’s research program on producing support for his family planning–based eugenic project.

Lake Lerna: investigating Hercules' ancient myth

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danae Thivaiou ◽  
Efterpi Koskeridou ◽  
Christos Psarras ◽  
Konstantina Michalopoulou ◽  
Niki Evelpidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Aegean Area ◽  
Freshwater Gastropods ◽  
The Core ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Age Model

<p>Greece and the Aegean area are among the first areas in Europe to have been occupied by humans. The record of human interventions in natural environments is thus particularly rich. Some of the interventions of the people inhabiting various localities of the country have been recorded in local mythology. Through the interdisciplinary field of geomythology it is possible to attempt to uncover the relationships between the geological history of early civilizations and ancient myths.</p><p>In the present work, we focused on the history of Lake Lerni in the Eastern Peloponnese, an area that is better known through the myth of Hercules and the Lernaean Hydra. The area of the lake – now dried and cultivated – was part of a karstic system and constituted a marshland that was a source of diseases and needed to be dried.</p><p>A new core is studied from the area of modern-day Lerni using palaeontological methods in order to reconstruct environmental changes that occurred during the last 6.000 years approximately. The area is known to have gone from marsh-lacustrine environments to dryer environments after human intervention or the intervention of Hercules according to mythology. Levels of peat considered to represent humid intervals were dated using the radiocarbon method so as to have an age model of the core. Samples of sediment were taken every 10 cm; the grain size was analysed for each sample as well as the fossil content for the environmental reconstruction.</p><p>The presence of numerous freshwater gastropods reflects the intervals of lacustrine environment accompanied with extremely fine dark sediment. Sedimentology is stable throughout the core with few levels of coarse sand/fine gravel, only changes in colour hint to multiple levels richer in organic material.</p>

Application of OLAP Technology in the Environment of Electronic Demography

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 542-549
Author(s):  
G. Ch. Nabibayova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Makers ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Demographic Research ◽  
Computing Model ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Parallel Data ◽  
Data Marts ◽  
Data Volume ◽  
Analytical Processing ◽  
High Level

The article proposes an approach to the development of an electronic demographic decision support system using technologies of Data Warehouse (DW) and Interactive Analytical Processing OLAP. This makes it possible to conduct high-level demographic research and provide support to decision-makers in demographic sphere. The article notes that demography is an interdisciplinary field of research and is defined as a complex science. Each industry of demography has many indicators. A sample list of these indicators is presented. The main characteristics of the DW, which should be taken into account when developing its architecture, are stated. Among these characteristics, one can find the main defining characteristics of Big Data — volume, velocity, variety, veracity, variability, visualization, value etc. For a more rational and efficient use of a large amount of information, taking into account its constant increase, to ensure the speed of execution of requests for a given system, it is proposed to use a Bus of Interconnected Data Marts (DM) as an architecture of DW. One of the advantages of using DM is that their use assumes distributed parallel data processing. This architecture allows for much faster results generation. It is based on the MapReduce distributed computing model and the Hadoop project. In addition, to effectively use large amounts of data, it is also proposed to use OLAP operations such as roll-up and drill-down, as well as fuzzy set theory, based on the technique of computing with words. The article also shows the practical application of interconnected DM. An OLAP cube is built on the basis of these DM. OLAP operations provide the ability to view cubes in different slices and provide aggregate data.

scholarly journals Brief Review of Minimum or No-Till Seeders in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-621
Author(s):  
Shan Jiang ◽  
Qingjie Wang ◽  
Guangyuan Zhong ◽  
Zhenwei Tong ◽  
Xiuhong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
Agricultural Modernization ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Core ◽  
No Till ◽  
Integration Mechanisms

Minimum or no-till seeding technology is the core of conservation tillage, which can effectively reduce soil degradation by water and wind erosion. It is an essential part of agricultural modernization. The anti-blocking technology is the key to realize minimum or no-till seeding technology. According to the principle, it can be divided into three types: straw-flowing type, gravity-cutting stubble type, and power-driven type. Emphasis is placed on the anti-blocking principle, technical characteristics, and development trends of minimum or no till seeders based on three different anti-blocking principles. In view of analyzing and summarizing the advantages and disadvantages of three technologies and typical machines, the future development trends of minimum or no-till seeders were prospected as follows: (1) strengthening research on basic theories and integration mechanisms; (2) building a big data-sharing platform for seeding operations; (3) establishing and improving specific systems of minimum and no-till seeders with China character.

scholarly journals THE CHERNIHIV SIVERIANS

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 412-415
Author(s):  
A. L. Kazakov
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Medieval Studies ◽  
The Core ◽  
Primary Chronicle

Issues considers the emerging of East Slavic cities is one of the main challenges for contemporary Medieval studies. This challenge refers mainly to Polians, Drevlians, Severians and other tribes and tribal unions which are mentioned in some of Kyiv Rus manuscripts. The paper deals with the description of localization and finding in Chernihiv city the artifacts defined as the ones belonging to Romenska culture, which, in historical studies, identified as Severians (who was mentioned by Primary Chronicle). Some scholars (e. g. P. Tolochko), accept the hypothesis of Slavs (from Primary Chronicle) having had the cities. The others (e. g. Yu. Yu. Morgunov) are skeptical to this claim. Some historians (namely, A. V. Kuza) debate on series of material evidences — the empirical facts referring to some of inhabited localities which used to be Old Rus city of the period of feudal period. However, the major part of Severian centers showed no differences from other Old Rus centers, and their socio-topographical components looked in a similar way — mainly represented by the nexus of dytynets and posad. This is the core of skeptical theory, who, however, forget about early Slavonic and Kyiv Rus cities and centers are urban organisms existed not synchronically but diachronically — in the two different epochs: the former existed in times of prehistoric societies collapse, while the latter may be considered as «epiphenomenon» of early Slavonic centers, which inherits them culturally. Some Severians centers (such as Lubech, Snovsk or Radychiv) exceeded by fortifications area even some Old Rus cities. Severians tended to choose high terraces as dwelling places, which is exemplified by Novgorod-Siverskiy, Snovsk, Lubech and in Chernihiv particularly.

Knowledge and the Explanatory Project

2020 ◽  
pp. 129-148
Author(s):  
Georges Rey
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
Cognitive Capacities ◽  
Conceptual Representations ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Theory

Chomskyans distinctively require that a linguistic theory be “explanatorily adequate,” accounting for the possibility of children’s acquisition of grammar. They characterize that acquisition in terms of “knowledge,” a fraught term inessential to the core theory. It suggests that a child is a “little linguist,” an absurdity that is avoided by presuming the knowledge involves “non-conceptual” representations of the sort required for states not integrated into general cognition. Related misunderstandings can be avoided by noting that the kind of epistemological project that concerns Chomskyans is not the “working” epistemology that traditionally concerns philosophers replying to sceptics, but rather an “explanatory” one concerned with explaining cognitive capacities, an interest that may not coincide with the working project. The concluding section briefly sets out a “computational-representational” explanatory strategy on which Chomskyans are relying, and how it might afford a principled basis for what ascriptions of “knowledge” are worth preserving.

9. Sub-disciplines arise

2018 ◽  
pp. 87-99
Author(s):  
Sarah Harper
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
Historical Demography ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Population Geography ◽  
Spatial Demography ◽  
Social Demography ◽  
Anthropological Demography ◽  
The Social ◽  
Population Economics

While most of the social science disciplines deal with people, some have developed a specific interest in demographic analysis and demographic theories, and these have been formalized into sub-disciplines of demography. In many cases they represent a merging of an area within the main discipline of demography. ‘Sub-disciplines arise’ looks at several of these sub-disciplines in turn: anthropological demography, bio-demography, economic demography (or population economics), family demography, historical demography, mathematical demography, palaeodemography, population geography (or spatial demography), population studies, and social demography. These all now form part of a broad field of population studies that analyse the relationships between economic, social, cultural, and biological processes influencing a population.

scholarly journals Biomedical Informatics – A Confluence of Disciplines?

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (06) ◽  
pp. 508-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ammenwerth ◽  
H. Dickhaus ◽  
P. Knaup ◽  
C. Lovis ◽  
J. Mantas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Informatics ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Scientific Field ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
International Group ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Building Systems ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Scientific Fields

SummaryBackground: Biomedical informatics is a broad discipline that borrows many methods and techniques from other disciplines.Objective: To reflect a) on the character of biomedical informatics and to determine whether it is multi-disciplinary or inter-disciplinary; b) on the question whether biomedical informatics is more than the sum of its supporting disciplines and c) on the position of biomedical informatics with respect to related disciplines.Method: Inviting an international group of experts in biomedical informatics and related disciplines on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of Methods of Information in Medicine to present their viewpoints.Results and Conclusions: This paper contains the reflections of a number of the invited experts on the character of biomedical informatics. Most of the authors agree that biomedical informatics is an interdisciplinary field of study where researchers with different scientific backgrounds alone or in combination carry out research. Biomedical informatics is a very broad scientific field and still expanding, yet comprised of a constructive aspect (designing and building systems). One author expressed that the essence of biomedical informatics, as opposed to related disciplines, lies in the modelling of the biomedical content. Interdisciplinarity also has consequences for education. Maintaining rigid disciplinary structures does not allow for sufficient adaptability to capitalize on important trends nor to leverage the influences these trends may have on biomedical informatics. It is therefore important for students to become aware of research findings in related disciplines. In this respect, it was also noted that the fact that many scientific fields use different languages and that the research findings are stored in separate bibliographic databases makes it possible that potentially connected findings will never be linked, despite the fact that these findings were published. Bridges between the sciences are needed for the success of biomedical informatics.

scholarly journals The core principle is to put heart into your work

2021 ◽  
pp. 152-157
Author(s):  
Alexander Kozintsev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Population Studies ◽  
75Th Anniversary ◽  
The Core ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Physical Anthropologist ◽  
Core Principle

Here is the interview with one of the most outstanding Russian physical anthropologist, the author of more than 250 scientific papers, published in the leading Russian and foreign publications, the creator of one of the areas of population studies — “ethnic cranioscopy”, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Chief Researcher of the MAE RAS Alexander G. Kozintsev, recently celebrated his 75th anniversary.

scholarly journals Tagore and Naipaul on Indian and European Civilisations: Patriotic and Biassed Views Changed their Perspectives.

IJOHMN ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Aju Mukhopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Rabindranath Tagore ◽  
Caribbean Islands ◽  
The Core ◽  
Indian Origin ◽  
The World ◽  
The Caribbean

V. S. Naipaul was writer of Indian origin writer settled in Great Britain and Rabindranath Tagore was Bengali writer born and brought up in India. Both were Nobel Laureates in Literature. Based on their overall behavior and treatment with the colonized people, Tagore a patriot to the core, saw and judged the foreign colonisers from his Indian patriotic point of view. He realised how and why they sucked India for their own benefit to the utter neglect of Indians. But Naipaul’s ancestors migrated perhaps under compulsion to the Caribbean islands where Naipaul was born (Chaguanas, Trinidad and Tobagos). He settled in England and stayed put there for the major part of his life. Compared to his background Britain was new found paradise for him. Ambitious, he studied English and was imbued in their culture. He wrote as if Britain was more than his birth land. He was awarded Nobel Prize as a British, a European. From his perspective he was not only indebted but deeply moved to love that country and continent. His name and fame spread from there. India had nothing to do about it except his Indian origin background taking the clue from his ancestors. He had some tilt towards India nothing of it remained when India was compared to Britan or Europe. He was obliged to see the world through their spectacles. His ideas and favour for Britain and Europe was generated by his position and interest in life. Judged Neutrally it was a biased view.

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