scholarly journals Routes of human trafficking in Europe and the position of Serbia on them

Temida ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanja Copic
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Male Victims ◽  
Illegal Migration ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
And Migration

Human trafficking as a form of organized crime is showing its increase today, changing at the same time its structure and characteristics. Some factors that contribute to such a situation are global trends that result in huge social and economic inequalities in the world, but also turbulences and problems that are affecting certain regions (wars, political instability, ethnic conflicts, militarization etc.). Human trafficking, as a complex social phenomenon that encompasses different forms of acting, subjects and aims, can be analyzed within different concepts. One of them refers to the issue of broader migration flows and migration control policy. Namely, from the global perspective, trafficking in human beings can be mostly considered as a form of 'organized illegal migration'. Due to that, it seems important to consider the issue of routes through which this form of migration is realized today. Discovering human trafficking routes, as well as other forms of illegal movement of people and illegal forms of trade are very important from the point of view of implementing adequate measures and relocation of resources in order to suppress these forms of socially unacceptable phenomena. Creating adequate anti-trafficking activities is important on national, regional and international levels. Keeping that in mind, the aim of this paper is to look into the contemporary routes of human trafficking within Europe and find out what is the position of Serbia on these routes, as well to examine possible changes that happened in this field during past several years. This will be done on the basis of the analysis of relevant literature, as well as on some preliminary findings of the survey on male victims of human trafficking in Serbia, which is currently conducted by the Victimology Society of Serbia.

scholarly journals Human Trafficking – Between Punishable Human Rights Violations and Decriminalization

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-292
Author(s):  
Anja Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Illegal Migration ◽  
Trafficking In Human Beings ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Human Rights Based Approach ◽  
Opposite Tendency

The necessity of combating human trafficking is often justified by the violation of human rights of the victims of human trafficking. Criticism has, however, repeatedly been voiced that the victim-centred, human rights-based approach has not been consistently applied - because, in reality, state interests in effectively combating (organized) crime and securing borders against illegal migration take precedence. An opposite tendency criticizes the criminalization of human traffic on the grounds that human rights are not violated in every case within the definition of human trafficking, and criminalization is inappropriate in such cases. Furthermore, various parties point out that there is little empirical data on trafficking in human beings, and the available data is unreliable. This contribution aims to provide an overview of these issues and argue in favour of a nuanced examination of phenomena covered by the legal definition of human trafficking.

scholarly journals Pupils’ global thinking: a comparison of selected European countries

Geografie ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-381
Author(s):  
Martin Hanus ◽  
Dana Řezníčková ◽  
Miroslav Marada ◽  
Tine Béneker
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Average Value ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Way

There is currently a stress on the need to bring up the individuals able to look at global trends from various viewpoints, and tolerating and respecting people from other cultures, with different religions and worldviews as well. The study explores the way the task is fulfilled in the Netherlands, Finland, Germany, Czechia, Hungary and Serbia. A questionnaire survey has found out that students’ world-mindedness is situated roughly in the middle of the scale, between the national and global perspective. While the average value of the sample is primarily lowered by the students from Hungary and Czechia, those from Germany and Finland considerably exceed the value. Students in general show global tendencies in the Culture and attitudes to others and in the Education and learning. In the remaining topics, there is a more obvious manifestation of national tendencies (e.g. Economy and migration). Detailed analyses have proven the influence of gender, respondents’ interest in news, experience with stay abroad, etc.

scholarly journals An empirical analysis of human trafficking in an era of globalization

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yselle Flora Kuete Malah ◽  
Simplice Asongu
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Capital Services

PurposeThe paper explores the dark side of economic openness by examining empirically the nexus between the globalization process and human trafficking. Specifically, it is about showing in a global perspective how the growing process of free movement of people, goods, capital, services and information technology make the globe a connected web of activity for the sale and exploitation of human beings.Design/methodology/approachAfter discussing some transmission channels through which globalization could increase this practice based on the lessons from the literature, an empirical analysis is done by employing ordinary least squares (OLS) and Probit regressions on a cross-sectional model covering 130 countries worldwide.FindingsFindings, robust to the consideration of the sub-regional specificities and controlling for social, cultural and historical factors, suggest that globalization, particularly financial and cultural, favors human trafficking. In the light of these results, some policy recommendations are discussed.Originality/valueThis study complements the extant literature by assessing dynamics of globalization in human trafficking.

scholarly journals Trafficking in Human Beings in the Context of Global Ethics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camelia Elena Nichita (Vasile) ◽  
◽  
Miruna Angela Mutu ◽  
Iliana Maria Zanfir ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Global Ethics ◽  
Illegal Migration ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Trafficking In Human Beings ◽  
Criminal Groups

The concept of “Global Ethics” refers to the analysis and identification of ethical solutions to the challenges of the contemporary world. Among the current global problems we bring to the fore: illegal immigration as a component of human trafficking, but also other global issues interdependent with the two crimes above: violation of human rights and freedoms, poverty, resource scarcity, discrimination, illegal international business and trade, all of which, requesting from the authorities and beyond, legislative and ethical solutions. Legal migration is the widely accepted form globally, since it can be determined over time, but also controlled in terms of the number of people, fields and jobs. Illegal migration is the alternative used by people who cannot use the legal route to go abroad. A component of trafficking in human beings, illegal migration is a global scourge, hard to control, caused by organised criminal groups, but also by the increasing ingenuity of criminals. Although the phenomenon is manifesting itself worldwide, it is accentuated by the fact that there is a lack of appropriate legislation and an effective system of cooperation between government institutions and civil society.Trafficking in human beings must be related to the causes that led to its emergence: discrimination in the labour market revealed by high unemployment rates (women vs. men), poverty combined with low remuneration for work performed, corruption of authorities, poor border control, restriction of legal migration opportunities, internationalization of criminal groups correlated with high profits from human trafficking, poor information of people who want to emigrate about the real effects of the labour market. Knowing this phenomenon, but also of the causes that cause it to occur, determines the process of working for knowledge, resolution and fight against it. The present work is intended to be a source of information that makes available to those interested that information about illegal migration, as well as how state structures can and should be involved in the situation.

Human trafficking and migration control policy: vicious or virtuous cycle?

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazli Avdan
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Feedback Mechanisms ◽  
Migration Control ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Virtuous Cycle ◽  
Drugs And Crime ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between states’ migration control policies and human trafficking in origin, transit and destination states. Using cross-sectional data on states’ visa policies for 192 states and indicators for human trafficking from the Global Patterns report by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, the paper analyses feedback mechanisms between policies and trafficking. The empirical evidence suggests that, contrary to the pessimistic predictions of policy scholarship, the feedback is characterised by a virtuous mechanism. Firstly, the results show that, in line with expectations of security studies, states tighten visa policies in response to trafficking threats. Origin and transit states face a greater number of restrictions on travel. Similarly, destination states of trafficking impose tighter controls. Secondly, visa restrictions against origin and transit countries mitigate trafficking from and through these states. Finally, the paper demonstrates that the vicious effect whereby stricter policies exacerbate trafficking pertains mostly to destination states’ visa policies and to visas imposed at borders.

scholarly journals DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AS A DETERMINANT OF TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS: THE EXPERIENCE OF UKRAINE AND POLAND

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksandr D. Kolomoyets ◽  
◽  
Irena Malinowska ◽  
Serhiy Kolomoyets ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Donor Country ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
International Strategy ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Illegal Migration ◽  
Criminal Offense ◽  
Trafficking In Human Beings ◽  
The Republic

The article reveals the problem of combating human trafficking as a criminal phenomenon and one of the global problems of mankind. Based on the analysis of the practice of anti-trafficking entities in Ukraine and Poland, a set of theoretical and practical issues related to the criminalization of human trafficking and legal analysis of the criminal offense under the current legislation of these countries is covered. It is noted that unlike Ukraine, which in most cases is a donor country for victims of trafficking, the Republic of Poland is a destination and transit country in this area of criminal business. The current state of human trafficking in Ukraine and Poland, the causes and conditions of this phenomenon, some determinants that lead to the commission of criminal offenses of this category in these countries are analyzed. One of the key factors has been found to be domestic violence, a particular issue that in itself needs to be addressed immediately. Therefore, an effective solution to one of the outlined problems is impossible without positive steps in solving the other. Attention is focused on the lack of definition of the term �trafficking in human beings� in the criminal law of both countries whose experience is being studied. In Ukraine, the legislator has distinguished a certain feature, in particular, in contrast to international acts, human trafficking has identified as a separate form of criminal offense, different from its main forms. The relationship between human trafficking, labour migration and domestic violence is considered, the consequences of labour migration for the social and economic sphere are analyzed; some differences for Ukraine and the Republic of Poland are identified, some statistical data and forecasts of specialists are given. In the context of the study, the concept of �social orphan hood� and its long-term impact on the crime situation and public life in the country is revealed. The activities of international organized criminal groups, including those formed in Poland and Ukraine, extend to all regions of the world and have reached a level previously inaccessible to them. The creating of sustainable channels for illegal migration and human trafficking is one of the most lucrative areas and areas of transnational organized crime in Eastern Europe. It is proposed to effectively combat these negative phenomena by developing an international strategy for joint action, to unite the efforts of law enforcement agencies and other actors in combating human trafficking in both donor and transit countries and to designate �living goods� at the regional and national levels. It is noted that attention should be paid not only to the fight against the very phenomenon of modern slavery, but also to its consequences and, most importantly, to the determinants.

scholarly journals Da vendabilidade do ser humano. Alguns desafios da Campanha da Fraternidade 2014 sobre Tráfico Humano

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (293) ◽  
pp. 7-32
Author(s):  
Roberto Marinucci
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Final Part ◽  
General Context ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Forced Labour ◽  
Contemporary Reality ◽  
And Migration

O Tráfico Humano (TH) representa um dos desafios mais dramáticos e complexos da realidade contemporânea, pois nele o ser humano é reificado e reduzido à condição de mercadoria vendável. Objetivo deste artigo é apresentar, antes que uma descrição fenomenológica das várias modalidades de TH, alguns debates relacionados com a intelecção do fenômeno, visando principalmente apontar os desafios que essa prática apresenta não apenas para suas vítimas, mas, de forma mais geral, para a sociedade brasileira e aquela internacional. Após uma sucinta apresentação do contexto geral de mercantilização e reificação do ser humano, analisaremos a relação entre TH e migração, o tráfico para fins de exploração sexual, o tráfico para fins de trabalho forçado e, na parte final, apontaremos alguns desafios específicos para o cristianismo.Abstract: Human Traffic represents one of the most dramatic and complex challenges of contemporary reality since it reifies and reduces human beings to the condition of a saleable commodity. The objective of this article is to present, rather than a phenomenological description of the various modalities of the HT, some debates related with the understanding of the phenomenon, not only from the point of view of its victims, but, more generally, from that of the Brazilian and the international societies. After a summary presentation of the general context of mercantilization and reification of the human being, we will analyse the relation between HT and migration, the traffic for purposes of sexual exploitation, the traffic for purposes of forced labour and in the final part, we will point to some of the specific challenges it presents for Christianity.Keywords: Human Traffic. Reification. Forced Labour. Migration.

The Migration-Crime Nexus and the Press in France, Germany, and the United Kingdom

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-181
Author(s):  
Alexander A Caviedes
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Press Coverage ◽  
Individual Country ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Press ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Over Time

This article explores the link between migrants and crime as portrayed in the European press. Examining conservative newspapers from France, Germany, and the United Kingdom from 2007 to 2016, the study situates the press coverage in each individual country within a comparative perspective that contrasts the frequency of the crime narrative to that of other prominent narratives, as well as to that in the other countries. The article also charts the prevalence of this narrative over time, followed by a discussion of which particular aspects of crime are most commonly referenced in each country. The findings suggest that while there has been no steady increase in the coverage of crime and migration, the press securitizes migration by focusing on crime through a shared emphasis on human trafficking and the non-European background of the perpetrators. However, other frames advanced in these newspapers, such as fraud or organized crime, comprise nationally distinctive characteristics.

On the Power of the Object

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liubov Vetoshkina ◽  
Yrjö Engeström ◽  
Annalisa Sannino
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Political ◽  
Material Objects ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Work Activities ◽  
Skilled Performance ◽  
Rich Domain ◽  
Boat Building ◽  
Building Activity ◽  
History Of

By skillfully shaping and producing objects human beings externalize and make real their future-oriented imaginaries and visions. Material objects created by skilled performance make human lifeworlds durable. From the point of view of history making, wooden boat building is a particularly rich domain of skilled performance. This chapter is based on two research sites, one in Finland and the other in Russia. The analysis is divided into four layers or threads of history making, namely personal history, the history of the wooden boat community, the political history of the nations and their relations, and the history of the boats themselves as objects of boat-building activity. The chapter ends by discussing our findings and their implications for the understanding of skilled performance and history making in work activities and organizations.

scholarly journals European Regional Inequalities: The Other Face of Development

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Celeste Perrucchini ◽  
Hiroshi Ito
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Per Capita

Empirical evidence suggests an overall convergence in terms of GDP and per capita income occurring among the European Union (EU) Member States. Nevertheless, economic inequalities have been increasing at the regional level within European Union countries. Through the review of relevant literature, this study analyzes the increasing inequalities from an economical point of view, focusing on Italy and the UK as examples. First, a general overlook of the empirical evidence of the GDP and per capita income at national and sub-national levels will be presented. Second, an explanation of the possible causes of the results will be proposed through the use of economical and sociological theories. The findings of this research might uncover the relative inefficacy of EU Cohesion policies and point towards the necessity for deeper and more thoughtful measures to continue the convergence of Member States while preserving internal equilibria. This paper ends with discussions for the future directions of the EU.

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