scholarly journals Recultivation and sustainable development of coal mining in Kolubara basin

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 759-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivica Ristovic ◽  
Milan Stojakovic ◽  
Milivoj Vulic
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Coal Extraction ◽  
Opencast Mining ◽  
Global Climate Changes ◽  
Surface Mines

Coal plays a fundamental role in global development, but the coal mining industry exerts impact on the environment, society and economy. Kolubara Coal Company produces about 30 million tonnes of coal, and digs about 70 million m3 of overburden per year. The main result of surface coal is certainly taking agricultural land, so that surface mines, which affect large areas in Kolubara, about 100 hectars a year, causing a number of problems related to the recultivation of degraded area after coal extraction. The lignite extraction through the method of opencast mining in Kolubara is about 60 years old. The previous exploitation usage is characterised by the fact that the disposal of overburden is made non-selectively, whereas the surface solum is not being preserved. The recultivation is carried out in parallel with overburden excavation. It is necessary to preserve the fertile solum through selective excavation in order to bring the soil back to its previous purpose - agricultural production. The objective of this paper is mainly to point out the need for the further expansion of the utilization of fossil fuels, which in turn reduces the emission of CO2, and thus reduces or prevents global climate changes on Earth. In addition to that, bringing back deteriorated terrains to their previous purpose - agricultural production, or the afforestation - contributes to the maintenance of ecological balance in nature, which then makes coal mining sustainable.

An Empirical Evidence of Global Warming and its impact on India’s Agricultural Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (10) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
Dr.P. Prema ◽  
Ms.R. Kanchana
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Large Country ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Global Climate Changes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

India is a large country with all types of climates and different kinds of soil requiring different types of farming. Most of the agricultural land in India is dependent on rainfall for irrigation. India has about 15 Agro-climatic zones with different types of farming methods and crops. As most of the population is dependent on agriculture and two-third of the country depend on monsoon rains to aid in agriculture, any change in frequency of the rains will affect these areas critically. Assessment of the effects of global climate changes on agriculture might help to properly anticipate and adapt farming to maximize agricultural production. At the same time agriculture has been shown significant effects on climate change, primarily through the production and release of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. The impact of climate change on agriculture could result in problems like food security and may threaten the livelihood on which much of the population depends.

Hybrid Technology of Hard Coal Mining from Seams Located at Great Depths

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Czaja ◽  
Paweł Kamiński ◽  
Jerzy Klich ◽  
Antoni Tajduś
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Coal Extraction ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Underground Coal Gasification

Abstract Learning to control fire changed the life of man considerably. Learning to convert the energy derived from combustion of coal or hydrocarbons into another type of energy, such as steam pressure or electricity, has put him on the path of scientific and technological revolution, stimulating dynamic development. Since the dawn of time, fossil fuels have been serving as the mankind’s natural reservoir of energy in an increasingly great capacity. A completely incomprehensible refusal to use fossil fuels causes some local populations, who do not possess a comprehensive knowledge of the subject, to protest and even generate social conflicts as an expression of their dislike for the extraction of minerals. Our times are marked by the search for more efficient ways of utilizing fossil fuels by introducing non-conventional technologies of exploiting conventional energy sources. During apartheid, South Africa demonstrated that cheap coal can easily satisfy total demand for liquid and gaseous fuels. In consideration of current high prices of hydrocarbon media (oil and gas), gasification or liquefaction of coal seems to be the innovative technology convergent with contemporary expectations of both energy producers as well as environmentalists. Known mainly from literature reports, underground coal gasification technologies can be brought down to two basic methods: - shaftless method - drilling, in which the gasified seam is uncovered using boreholes drilled from the surface, - shaft method, in which the existing infrastructure of underground mines is used to uncover the seams. This paper presents a hybrid shaft-drilling approach to the acquisition of primary energy carriers (methane and syngas) from coal seams located at great depths. A major advantage of this method is the fact that the use of conventional coal mining technology requires the seams located at great depths to be placed on the off-balance sheet, while the hybrid method of underground gasification enables them to become a source of additional energy for the economy. It should be noted, however, that the shaft-drilling method cannot be considered as an alternative to conventional methods of coal extraction, but rather as a complementary and cheaper way of utilizing resources located almost beyond the technical capabilities of conventional extraction methods due to the associated natural hazards and high costs of combating them. This article presents a completely different approach to the issue of underground coal gasification. Repurposing of the already fully depreciated mining infrastructure for the gasification process may result in a large value added of synthesis gas production and very positive economic effect.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous Electrocatalysts for CO2 Reduction to Value Added Products

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Amin Farkhondehfal ◽  
Juqin Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Global Climate Changes

The CO2 that comes from the use of fossil fuels accounts for about 65% of the global greenhouse gas emission, and it plays a critical role in global climate changes. Among the different strategies that have been considered to address the storage and reutilization of CO2, the transformation of CO2 into chemicals and fuels with a high added-value has been considered a winning approach. This transformation is able to reduce the carbon emission and induce a “fuel switching” that exploits renewable energy sources. The aim of this chapter is to categorize different heterogeneous electrocatalysts which are being used for CO2 reduction, based on the desired products of the above mentioned reactions: from formic acid and carbon monoxide to methanol and ethanol and other possible by products. Moreover, a brief description of the kinetic and mechanism of the CO2 reduction reaction) and pathways toward different products have been discussed.

scholarly journals CONCEPTIONS OF LAND RECLAMATION IN THE POLISH OPENCAST MINING

1997 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Chrzan ◽  
Henryk Greinert
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Brown Coal ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Surface Mining ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Opencast Mining ◽  
Direct Introduction ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Humus Soil

In the paper the influence of surface mining on the environment is presented. The sizes of mining areas and depression funnels has been shown. Also are presented the amount of cover materials and the quantity of water pumped out from the mines in five regions of brown coal mining in Poland.Various conceptions of land reclamation are discussed, from the method of pioneer vegetation in the years of 1950 - 1970, trough selective excavation of the humus soil in the years 1970 - 1980, to conception of the direct introduction of the final type of vegetation.In the lost part of the paper three models of agricultural land remediation are discussed, as well as the yields of the cultivated plants on recultivated former mining areas.

scholarly journals Agriculture Adaptation to Consequences of Global Climate Changes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
D. G. Galkin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Climate Changes ◽  
Change Impact ◽  
Agriculture Development

The goal of the article is to work out recommendations aimed at providing sustainability of agriculture development on the level of national economy in conditions of changing climate. The agriculture development within the frames of traditional approach can be studied in two aspects: as a sector subjected to the global climate change impact; as a sector promoting climate change due to greenhouse gas emission. The authors showed that in regard to present trends scientific recommendations aimed at agriculture adaptation to climate changes are the most significant for Russia. On the basis of provided concepts they identified key lines in the said adaptation: to develop innovation connected with adaptation to consequences of climate changes; to upgrade the system of agro-insurance; to use methods of organic food production; to monitor and appraise adaptation of agriculture to climate changes; to introduce strategic planning of sustainable development and location of agricultural production. These lines should be realized on the basis of integrity, strategic orientation and scientific support of agricultural production. These lines can stabilize the level of key parameters of the sector in the long-term perspective.

scholarly journals Działalność innowacyjna upadającej branży przemysłowej na przykładzie górnictwa węgla kamiennego

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 134-146
Author(s):  
Maria Tkocz ◽  
Arkadiusz Heder
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
New Products ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Coal Extraction ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Coal Mining Industry ◽  
Steady Decrease ◽  
Polish Economy

The coal mining industry in Poland belongs to the branches of industry currently breaking down. It is expressed by the liquidation of mines, whose number in 1989 equalled 70, while in 2010 – only 29; it is also visible in the steady decrease of coal extraction, from 177 million tonnes in 1989 to 77 million tonnes in 2009, whereas employment dropped from 415.7 thousand to 112 thousand, respectively. The decrease in extraction is connected with the process of transformation of the Polish economy and the necessity to adapt to the requirements imposed by the European Union, which required Poland to limit its production of electrical energy from coal. In this context, the situation of the coal mining industry is especially difficult. A question arises, what activities the department of mining has been undertaking in order to cope with these challenges. The article concentrates on innovative activities conducted by the mining industry. They have been presented in their organizational and technological spheres, including the main businesses functioning in the trade, namely Kompania Węglowa, consisting of 15 mines, Katowicki Holding Węglowy, comprising 4 mines, and Jastrzębska Spółka Węglowa, which consists of 5 mines, as well as the remaining mines functioning independently or within structures of other concerns. Innovative activities in the scope of branch management and organization of sales are described. Innovation in terms of technology consists in the introduction of new products, implementation of modern machinery and equipment for exploitation, as well as the monitoring of coal extraction and minimizing the negative impact on the environment.

scholarly journals Public Views of the Economy of the Renewable Energy Sources: Evidence from Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-266
Author(s):  
Dalia Streimikiene ◽  
Victoria Akberdina
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The Public ◽  
Global Climate Changes ◽  
Public Views

Recent worldwide growing awareness of the global climate changes stressed the importance of developing and supporting the renewable energy sources (RES). However, the public support for RES varies across various countries and regions, especially those abundant in traditional fossil fuels. This paper presents the analysis of the public views of the economics of the renewable energy using the results of the online survey (N = 750) conducted in several regions of the Russian Federation, a country abundant in natural gas and oil. Our results indicate that there is a mixed opinion on trust in RES as opposed to the traditional energy sources. Even though we found some support for the renewable energy technologies, it appears that it is correlated with the respondents’ concerns about the environmental protection and sustainable development as well as with some demographic variables. The outcomes of the regression analysis confirmed that positive attitudes towards climate protection predetermined the support for various types of RES, while the financial or political gains did not come through as significant. The results indicate that public views on the renewable energy sources could and should be shaped by the information campaigns and presentations in mass media conducted by relevant policymakers and public authorities.

Experimental Comparison and Performance Evaluation of Planar Solid Oxide Single Cell

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Cinti ◽  
Umberto Desideri ◽  
Gabriele Discepoli ◽  
Elena Sisani ◽  
Daniele Penchini
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Experimental Comparison ◽  
Power Generators ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance ◽  
Global Climate Changes

Nowadays, in a world characterized by the need to reduce the production of pollutants, by global climate changes, by the progressive lack of availability of cheap fossil fuels, one of the most important goals of scientific research is to design systems that can provide energy with low environmental impact. Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) are considered to be power generators with high efficiency independent on size and low emissions. Fuel cell laboratory (FCLab) of University of Perugia has focused his studies on SOFC operating at high temperature (800–1000°C), characterized by greater flexibility in the choice of fuel. This study focuses on definition and realization of experimental test able to define the quality of a SOFC single cell and on the effect of test condition parameter. The performance of the cell is evaluated via polarization curves realized in different external conditions. Area Specific Resistance (ASR) is used as main test output. Results analysis confirm that ASR gives important information on fuel cell performance and can be used to compare an qualify SOFC single cell.

scholarly journals HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN CARBON SOURCES, BIOMASS, FOSSILS, BIOFUELS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY REVIEW ARTICLE

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savas G. Anastassiadis
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
Global Climate Changes

Since early human history and existence energy rich plants, wood and forest cellulosic material have been used for fire, light, heating, cooking and other daily activities. Fossil energy was the foundation of our modern society and industrialization since last two centuries, while exploration and exploitation of oil reserves and petrochemistry have largely shaped 20th century. Increasing concerns on environmental pollution, accelerated global warming, and global climate changes, continuing world's crude oil (fossil fuels) consumption and depletion, as well as energy security and energy crisis caused by daily burning large amounts of fossil fuels, led to the attraction, search and development of renewable, carbon-neutral, economically viable alternative energy sources, such as biofuels, slowly displacing petroleum fuels. In continuously growing human population reaching about 10 billion in 2050, various renewable energy sources are promoted and developed, to ensure rising energy demands in a world running out of fossil energy sources. Biofuels are produced from any kind of available biomass and categorized based on utilized carbon resources into first-, second- and third-generation. Nevertheless, biofuels’ future outlook is though beset by uncertainty. Hereby, various issues and concerns related to fossils and renewable biofuels are described and analyzed in present review article.

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