scholarly journals The Effect of Lemongrass Leaves and Stalks Extracts using Methanol as The Eco-friendly Larvicides on Fourth Instar Aedes aegypti Larvae

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (B) ◽  
pp. 937-939
Author(s):  
Tjut Mariam ◽  
Ade Oktiviyari ◽  
Ahmad Yamin Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Mosquito Larva ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne

BACKGROUND: Aedes aegypti is one of the most vicious mosquitoes, known for its role in several deadly diseases, including dengue fever and Zika. Several strategies have been developed over decades to prevent vector-borne diseases; one of them is insecticide to control the mosquito population. However, this strategy would not last long due to the elevation of resistance, environmental problem, and some issues regarding human health. Natural products have become major options to combat the glitches. Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) has known for its toxic effect on mosquito larva. AIM: The objective of this study was to assess the effect of C. citratus extract against fourth instar of A. aegypti larvae. METHODS: Three extract concentrations, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%, were used. The larvicide activity was evaluated at 2, 4, and 6 h. Our data indicated that all concentrations contributed to increase larvae mortality. RESULTS: Lethal Concentration (LC) 50 and LC90 were achieved at 2.5% and 4.1% of extract, respectively. CONCLUSION: C. citratus  extract has a larvicide activity against fourth instar of A. aegypti.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Toksisitas Ekstrak Metanol Daun Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia) terhadap Kematian Larva Nyamuk Aedes aegypti

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Hebert Ardianto ◽  
Hamidah Hamidah
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Citrus Aurantifolia ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Key Lime

The vector-borne diseases transmitted by the mosquito of Aedes aegypti are considered causes of serious health problems. Moreover, the used of chemical insecticides for Ae. aegypti control has resulted in resistance in mosquito populations and environmental problem. The aims of this study are to evaluate the toxicity of methanol extract (CH3OH) from key lime leaves against Ae. aegypti larvae after 24 hours exposure. This was experimental laboratory study, with six treatments and five replicates. Larvae mortality was observed after 24 hours exposure. Then, data were analyzed by descriptive analyze and probit. visualization of the damage that occurs in the body was observed through microscope. The result showed that mortality of larvae increased with an increase of the concentration of extract. LC50 and LC99 of the extract are 2,197 ppm and 4,266 ppm. The extract can cause morphological damages of larvae, such as head lost, neck elongation, exo-skeleton lost, abdomen transparent, digestive tract full of extract, and loss of setae on the side of the body. In conclusion, citrus aurantifolia leaves methanol extract cause mortality and morphological damages of larvae

scholarly journals Dengue and Chikungunya Fever: Oral Manifestations

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 141-143
Author(s):  
Indrajeet Singh ◽  
Naresh Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Oral Manifestations ◽  
Female Mosquito ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne

The vector borne diseases of dengue and chikungunya mainly affect the African and South Asian countries. Its prevalence increases in the summer and monsoon seasons due to an  increase in breeding sites and External Incubation Period (EIP) of the virus. Primarily caused by an infectious bite of the Aedes aegypti female mosquito, this disease has a variety of systemic signs and symptoms. However, the oral manifesatations might be ignored. This review aims to enlightens the healthcare researchers with knowledge regarding the oral manifestations of dengue and chikungunya.

scholarly journals Regulation of midgut cell proliferation impacts Aedes aegypti susceptibility to dengue virus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mabel L. Taracena ◽  
Vanessa Bottino-Rojas ◽  
Octavio A.C. Talyuli ◽  
Ana Beatriz Walter-Nuno ◽  
José Henrique M. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Denv Infection ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Midgut Cell ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Vector Borne

AbstractAedes aegypti is the vector of some of the most important vector-borne diseases like Dengue, Chikungunya, Zika and Yellow fever, affecting millions of people worldwide. The cellular processes that follow a blood meal in the mosquito midgut are directly associated with pathogen transmission. We studied the homeostatic response of the midgut against oxidative stress, as well as bacterial and dengue virus (DENV) infections, focusing on the proliferative ability of the intestinal stem cells (ISC). Inhibition of the peritrophic matrix (PM) formation led to an increase in ROS production by the epithelial cells in response to contact with the resident microbiota, suggesting that maintenance of low levels of ROS in the intestinal lumen is key to keep ISCs division in balance. We show that dengue virus infection induces midgut cell division in both DENV susceptible (Rockefeller) and refractory (Orlando) mosquito strains. However, the susceptible strain delays the activation of the regeneration process compared with the refractory strain. Impairment of the Delta/Notch signaling, by silencing the Notch ligand Delta using RNAi, significantly increased the susceptibility of the refractory strains to DENV infection of the midgut. We propose that this cell replenishment is essential to control viral infection in the mosquito. Our study demonstrates that the intestinal epithelium of the blood fed mosquito is able to respond and defend against different challenges, including virus infection. In addition, we provide unprecedented evidence that the activation of a cellular regenerative program in the midgut is important for the determination of the mosquito vectorial competence.

scholarly journals Larvicidal Activity of Elytraria acaulis against Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soorya Sukumaran ◽  
Rajan Maheswaran
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

Background: Mosquitoes are blood sucking arthropods and serve as vectors of many diseases causing serious health problems to human beings. Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti were responsible for Filariasis and Dengue. Syn­thetic pesticides were effective against mosquitoes as well as main sources of environmental pollution and most of them are immunosuppressant. Botanicals were widely used as insecticides, growth disruptors, repellents, etc. The aim of this research was to determine larvicidal properties of powdered leaf, Elytraria acaulis against late third or early fourth in­star larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti. Methods: Larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti were tested at various concentrations of 100, 120, 140, 160, 180 and 200mg/100ml and mortality was recorded after 24h. The LC50 values of the E. acaulis leaf powder were calcu­lated by Probit analysis. Results: The plant powder exhibited strong larvicidal activity against Cx. quinquefasciatus with LC50 value of 116.07mg/100ml against Ae. aegypti 124.25mg/100ml respectively. The result indicated that the plant powder of E. acaulis showed potential larvicidal activity against Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti. Conclusion: The overall findings of the present investigation suggested that the E. acaulis highly effective against Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti larvae. Elytraria acaulis may be used as an alternative to synthetic chemical pesticides for control of vectors to reduce vector borne diseases and did not harm to total environment.

Adaptation of Animal and Human Health Surveillance Systems for Vector-Borne Diseases Accompanying Climate Change

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 694-704
Author(s):  
Sam F. Halabi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Disease Surveillance System ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Inspection Service

Anthropogenic climate change is causing temperature rise in temperate zones resulting in climate conditions more similar to subtropical zones. As a result, rising temperatures increase the range of disease-carrying insects to new areas outside of subtropical zones, and increased precipitation causes flooding that is more hospitable for vector breeding. State governments, the federal government, and governmental agencies, like the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) of USDA and the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (NNDSS) of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, lack a coordinated plan for vector-borne disease accompanying climate change. APHIS focuses its surveillance primarily on the effect of illness on agricultural production, while NNDSS focuses on the emergence of pathogens affecting human health. This article provides an analysis of the current framework of surveillance of, and response to, vector-borne infectious diseases, the impacts of climate change on the spread of vector-borne infectious diseases, and recommends changes to federal law to address these threats.

scholarly journals Young and Old Sugar Apple (Annona squamosa Linn) Leaf Extracts As an Aedes aegypti Larva Insecticide

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Khair ◽  
Noraida Noraida
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Apple Leaves ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vector Borne

Vector-borne diseases are still a health problem in some tropical countries. One vector-borne disease is Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). DHF never decreases and even tends to continue to increase, and many cause deaths in children, 90% of them attack children under 15 years. DHF cases in 2018 amounted to 65,602 cases, with 467 deaths (CFR = 0.71%). The behavior of holding water in various places such as tubs and tendons indirectly creates a breeding place for Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The use of chemicals as insecticides can cause the death of non-target animals, environmental pollution, and the occurrence of vector resistance to insecticides. Therefore it is necessary to do other methods including the use of vegetable insecticides. Sugar apple leaves can be used to kill Aedes aegypti larvae. Sugar apple leaves will obtain throughout the year. The purpose of this study is to know the ability of young and old sugar apple leaves to kill Aedes aegypti larvae. This type of research is a posttest only control group design. The study sample was part of the Aedes aegypti larvae on the final instar III. The experiment to kill Aedes aegypti larvae use two types of sugar apple leaf extract, namely young and old sugar apple leaves with nine treatments four replications. Each treatment consisted of 25 larvae. The research results show There was no significant difference in the number of dead larvae using either extracts from young sugar apple leaves or old sugar apple leaves. LC90 of sugar apple leaf extract was between 0.05632 to 0.08324% and the effective residual age at LC90 (0.06568%) with the death of Aedes aegypti larvae was 92% over 24 hours (1 day).

scholarly journals ENTOMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN DENGUE VECTOR AEDES AEGYPTI LARVAE FROM BENGKULU CITY, INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-102
Author(s):  
Dessy Triana ◽  
Fitaloca N Siregar ◽  
Eka Purnama Wulan Tri Utami ◽  
Tatik Suteky ◽  
Swandito Wicaksono
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Vector Population ◽  
Who 1999 Criteria ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Dengue Control ◽  
Breeding Place

In Bengkulu, as in other areas of Indonesia, dengue is one of the most important vector-borne diseases. The primary strategy to control dengue is by reducing the vector population using insecticides. However, applications of insecticides becomes a contributing factor in the development of vector resistance. As there is no effective dengue drug or safe vaccine available, vector control remains the most effective intervention to reduce incidence and prevent transmission and outbreak. This study aimed to determine the entomological parameters and resistance status to temephos of Aedes aegypti larvae from Lingkar Barat village and Jalan Gedang village (dengue endemic areas). This study used cross-sectional and experimental with post-control only design. The sampling refers to the guidelines for dengue entomology surveys according to WHO 1999 criteria. Aedes aegypti eggs were collected by ovitraps and reared to larvae stage. Susceptibility test of larvae to the temephos was estimated using standard WHO. Mortality of larvae Ae. aegypti after 24 hours with multiple concentration of temephos indicative of highly resistant.  Entomological parameters for house index (HI), container index (CI) and container pupa index (CPI) in Jalan Gedang village and Lingkar Barat village were estimated: 7%, 12% for HI and 1.97%, 3.43% for CI, and 5%, 2% for CPI, respectively. The proportion of controllable sites is higher than disposable sites, it has a high risk as breeding places for mosquitoes indicates a high potential risk as breeding place and transmission of dengue. Awareness sanitation in the home and surrounding environment must be possessed by each individual community in order to prevent and overcome the incidence of dengue. These data should be of value in formulating dengue control programs.

scholarly journals Climatic Conditions: Conventional and Nanotechnology-Based Methods for the Control of Mosquito Vectors Causing Human Health Issues

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (17) ◽  
pp. 3165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toqeer Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Zeeshan Hyder ◽  
Irfan Liaqat ◽  
Miklas Scholz
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Seasonal Variability ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Environmental Chemical ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
The Past ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
The Impact

Climate variability is highly impacting on mosquito-borne diseases causing malaria and dengue fever across the globe. Seasonal variability change in temperature and rainfall patterns are impacting on human health. Mosquitoes cause diseases like dengue fever, yellow fever, malaria, Chikungunya, West Nile and Japanese encephalitis. According to estimations by health organizations, annually one million human deaths are caused by vector-borne diseases, and dengue fever has increased about 30-fold over the past 50 years. Similarly, over 200 million cases of malaria are being reported annually. Mosquito-borne diseases are sensitive to temperature, humidity and seasonal variability. Both conventional (environmental, chemical, mechanical, biological etc.) and nanotechnology-based (Liposomes, nano-suspensions and polymer-based nanoparticles) approaches are used for the eradication of Malaria and dengue fever. Now green approaches are used to eradicate mosquitoes to save human health without harming the environment. In this review, the impact of climatic conditions on mosquito-borne diseases along with conventional and nanotechnology-based approaches used for controlling malaria and dengue fever have been discussed. Important recommendations have been made for people to stay healthy.

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