scholarly journals Natural Products and Their Potential Anti-HAV Activity

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1095
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Jama-Kmiecik ◽  
Jolanta Sarowska ◽  
Dorota Wojnicz ◽  
Irena Choroszy-Król ◽  
Magdalena Frej-Mądrzak
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Viral Origin ◽  
The Past

The role of purified natural products in the prevention and treatment of countless diseases of bacterial, fungal, and viral origin cannot be overestimated. New antiviral drugs have been obtained from natural sources and transformed into preparations for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes. Flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins, proanthocyanins, polysaccharides, organic acids, proteins, polypeptides, and essential oils derived from plants, animals, or microorganisms can control and combat foodborne viral infections, including hepatitis A. The components of essential oils are characterized by numerous therapeutic and antioxidant properties and exhibit a broad spectrum of antimicrobial and antiviral activity. Due to these properties, they can be used to preserve meat, fruit, vegetables, and their products. Over the past two decades, much effort has been made to identify natural products, mostly of plant origin, to combat foodborne viruses. Natural plant extracts have several potential uses, not limited to increasing the safety of food products and improving their quality, but also as natural antiviral agents.

scholarly journals Silver Nanoparticles as Potential Antiviral Agents

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2034
Author(s):  
Zubair Ahmed Ratan ◽  
Fazla Rabbi Mashrur ◽  
Anisha Parsub Chhoan ◽  
Sadi Md. Shahriar ◽  
Mohammad Faisal Haidere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
The Impact

Since the early 1990s, nanotechnology has led to new horizons in nanomedicine, which encompasses all spheres of science including chemistry, material science, biology, and biotechnology. Emerging viral infections are creating severe hazards to public health worldwide, recently, COVID-19 has caused mass human casualties with significant economic impacts. Interestingly, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exhibited the potential to destroy viruses, bacteria, and fungi using various methods. However, developing safe and effective antiviral drugs is challenging, as viruses use host cells for replication. Designing drugs that do not harm host cells while targeting viruses is complicated. In recent years, the impact of AgNPs on viruses has been evaluated. Here, we discuss the potential role of silver nanoparticles as antiviral agents. In this review, we focus on the properties of AgNPs such as their characterization methods, antiviral activity, mechanisms, applications, and toxicity.

scholarly journals Role of Antioxidant Natural Products in Management of Infertility: A Review of Their Medicinal Potential

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 957
Author(s):  
Seungjin Noh ◽  
Ara Go ◽  
Da Bin Kim ◽  
Minjeong Park ◽  
Hee Won Jeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Endometrial Receptivity ◽  
Cancer Growth ◽  
Oxygen Stress ◽  
The World ◽  
Angelica Keiskei ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
One Year

Infertility, a couple’s inability to conceive after one year of unprotected regular intercourse, is an important issue in the world. The use of natural products in the treatment of infertility has been considered as a possible alternative to conventional therapies. The present study aimed to investigate the effects and the mechanisms of various natural products on infertility. We collected articles regarding infertility and natural products using the research databases PubMed and Google Scholar. Several natural products possess antioxidant properties and androgenic activities on productive factors and hormones. Antioxidants are the first defense barrier against free radicals produced by oxidative stress (OS). They remove reactive oxygen stress (ROS), reducing insulin resistance, total cholesterol, fat accumulation, and cancer growth. Moreover, various natural products increase endometrial receptivity and fertility ability showing androgenic activities on productive factors and hormones. For example, Angelica keiskei powder and Astragalus mongholicus extract showed anti-infertility efficacies in males and females, respectively. On the other hand, adverse effects and acute toxicity of natural products were also reported. Tripterygium glycoside decreased fertility ability both in males and females. Results indicate that management of infertility with natural products could be beneficial with further clinical trials to evaluate the safety and effect.

scholarly journals The Potential Anticancer Activity of Phytoconstituents against Gastric Cancer—A Review on In Vitro, In Vivo, and Clinical Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 8307
Author(s):  
Sylwia Nakonieczna ◽  
Aneta Grabarska ◽  
Wirginia Kukula-Koch
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
World Health ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Pharmacological Significance ◽  
Health Organization

Gastric cancer belongs to the heterogeneous malignancies and, according to the World Health Organization, it is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer in men. The aim of this review is to provide an overview on the role of natural products of plant origin in the therapy of gastric cancer and to present the potentially active metabolites which can be used in the natural therapeutical strategies as the support to the conventional treatment. Many of the naturally spread secondary metabolites have been proved to exhibit chemopreventive properties when tested on the cell lines or in vivo. This manuscript aims to discuss the pharmacological significance of both the total extracts and the single isolated metabolites in the stomach cancer prevention and to focus on their mechanisms of action. A wide variety of plant-derived anticancer metabolites from different groups presented in the manuscript that include polyphenols, terpenes, alkaloids, or sulphur-containing compounds, underlines the multidirectional nature of natural products.

The Role of Antifungal and Antiviral Agents in Primary Dental Care

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Dental Care ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs

In comparison to the range of antibiotics used in medicine, the spectrum of antifungal and antiviral drugs used in primary dental care is relatively limited. In practical terms, there are only three antifungal agents and two antiviral agents that have a role. This paper will describe the clinical presentation of orofacial candidal and viral infections and the use of antimicrobial drugs in their management.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a Induces Incomplete Autophagy via the Unfolded Protein Response

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2467
Author(s):  
Wenqing Su ◽  
Xuejie Yu ◽  
Chuanmin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Unfolded Protein Response ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Unfolded Protein ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Unfolded Protein Response ◽  
Protein Response ◽  
Upr Pathway

In the past year and a half, SARS-CoV-2 has caused 240 million confirmed cases and 5 million deaths worldwide. Autophagy is a conserved process that either promotes or inhibits viral infections. Although coronaviruses are known to utilize the transport of autophagy-dependent vesicles for the viral life cycle, the underlying autophagy-inducing mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Using several autophagy-deficient cell lines and autophagy inhibitors, we demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a was able to induce incomplete autophagy in a FIP200/Beclin-1-dependent manner. Moreover, ORF3a was involved in the induction of the UPR (unfolded protein response), while the IRE1 and ATF6 pathways, but not the PERK pathway, were responsible for mediating the ORF3a-induced autophagy. These results identify the role of the UPR pathway in the ORF3a-induced classical autophagy process, which may provide us with a better understanding of SARS-CoV-2 and suggest new therapeutic modalities in the treatment of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Role of Marine Natural Products in the Genesis of Antiviral Agents

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (18) ◽  
pp. 9655-9706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vedanjali Gogineni ◽  
Raymond F. Schinazi ◽  
Mark T. Hamann
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Marine Natural Products ◽  
Antiviral Agents

scholarly journals Challenges at the Time of COVID-19: Opportunities and Innovations in Antivirals from Nature

Planta Medica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (10) ◽  
pp. 659-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Hensel ◽  
Rudolf Bauer ◽  
Michael Heinrich ◽  
Verena Spiegler ◽  
Oliver Kayser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Antiviral Activities ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
Early Interaction

AbstractAs viral infections are an increasing threat to human societies, the need for new therapeutic strategies is becoming even more obvious. As no vaccine is available for COVID-19, the development of directly acting antiviral agents and preventive strategies have to be considered. Nature provides a huge reservoir of anti-infectious compounds, from which we can deduce innovative ideas, therapies, and products. Anti-adhesive natural products interact with the receptor-mediated recognition and early interaction of viruses with the host cells, leading to a reduced internalisation of the virus and reduced infections (e.g., procyanidin-B-2-di-O-gallate against influenza and herpes virus). Lignans like podophyllotoxin and bicyclol show strong antiviral activities against different viruses, and essential oils can directly interact with viral membranes and reduce the hostʼs inflammatory responses (e.g., 1,8-cineol). Echinacea extracts stimulate the immune system, and bioavailable alkamides are key players by interacting with immunomodulating cannabinoid receptors. COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 infections have, in part, successfully been treated in China by preparations from traditional Chinese medicine and, while it is too early to draw conclusions, some promising data are available. There is huge potential, but intensified research is needed to develop evidence-based medicines with a clearly defined chemical profile. Intensified research and development, and therefore funding, are needed for exploiting natureʼs reservoir against viral infections. Combined action for basic research, chemistry, pharmacognosy, virology, and clinical studies, but also supply chain, sustainable sourcing, and economic aspects have to be considered. This review calls for intensified innovative science on natural products for the patients and for a healthier world!

scholarly journals The Role of Zinc in Antiviral Immunity

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 696-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A Read ◽  
Stephanie Obeid ◽  
Chantelle Ahlenstiel ◽  
Golo Ahlenstiel
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Antiviral Immunity ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Common ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Developed World

ABSTRACTZinc is an essential trace element that is crucial for growth, development, and the maintenance of immune function. Its influence reaches all organs and cell types, representing an integral component of approximately 10% of the human proteome, and encompassing hundreds of key enzymes and transcription factors. Zinc deficiency is strikingly common, affecting up to a quarter of the population in developing countries, but also affecting distinct populations in the developed world as a result of lifestyle, age, and disease-mediated factors. Consequently, zinc status is a critical factor that can influence antiviral immunity, particularly as zinc-deficient populations are often most at risk of acquiring viral infections such as HIV or hepatitis C virus. This review summarizes current basic science and clinical evidence examining zinc as a direct antiviral, as well as a stimulant of antiviral immunity. An abundance of evidence has accumulated over the past 50 y to demonstrate the antiviral activity of zinc against a variety of viruses, and via numerous mechanisms. The therapeutic use of zinc for viral infections such as herpes simplex virus and the common cold has stemmed from these findings; however, there remains much to be learned regarding the antiviral mechanisms and clinical benefit of zinc supplementation as a preventative and therapeutic treatment for viral infections.

scholarly journals Development of Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agents—Inspiration from Immunomodulatory Natural Products

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1257
Author(s):  
Mengxun Zhang ◽  
Jiaqing Zhong ◽  
Yongai Xiong ◽  
Xun Song ◽  
Chenyang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
Antiviral Effects

Developing broad-spectrum antiviral drugs remains an important issue as viral infections continue to threaten public health. Host-directed therapy is a method that focuses on potential targets in host cells or the body, instead of viral proteins. Its antiviral effects are achieved by disturbing the life cycles of pathogens or modulating immunity. In this review, we focus on the development of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs that enhance the immune response. Some natural products present antiviral effects mediated by enhancing immunity, and their structures and mechanisms are summarized here. Natural products with immunomodulatory effects are also discussed, although their antiviral effects remain unknown. Given the power of immunity and the feasibility of host-directed therapy, we argue that both of these categories of natural products provide clues that may be beneficial for the discovery of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs.

Role of Tim-3 in regulating tumorigenesis, inflammation, and antitumor immunity therapy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Yuting Cao ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Huihui Liu ◽  
Xianglei He ◽  
Fang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chronic Viral Infections ◽  
Antitumor Potential ◽  
Programmed Cell Death 1 ◽  
Ifn Γ

Over the past decade, cancer immunotherapy, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICRs), has attained considerable progresses in clinical practice. T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (Tim-3) act as next ICRs, and originally function as a co-inhibitory receptor expressed on interferon (IFN)-γ producing CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. Furthermore, Tim-3 has also been found to express on innate immune cells and several types of tumors, signifying the pivotal role that Tim-3 plays in chronic viral infections and cancer. In addition, Tim-3 and multiple ICRs are concurrently expressed and regulated on dysfunctional or exhausted T-cells, leading to improved antitumor immune responses in preclinical or clinical cancer therapy through co-blockade of Tim-3 and other ICRs such as programmed cell death-1 (PD-1). In this review, the biological characteristics of Tim-3 and the function of Tim-3 in regulating tumorigenesis and inflammation have been summarized. The usage of a single blockade of Tim-3 or in combination with multiple immunotherapy regimens have drawn attention to antitumor potential as a target for immunotherapy.

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