scholarly journals Phenotypic and genetic analysis of carcass quality traits in pigs

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 215-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragomir Lukac ◽  
Vitomir Vidovic ◽  
Ljuba Strbac ◽  
Desanka Punos ◽  
Vladislav Visnjic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Neck Muscle ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pig Carcasses ◽  
The Given ◽  
Additive Genes

The study of genetic quality traits included 284 randomly selected pig carcasses, derived from Landrace (96), Yorkshire (92) and Hampshire (96). Carcasses dissection was carried out by the model of EU 1992. With the average pig weight of 103 kg, the highest percentage of muscle with the smallest proportion of fat tissue was found in the neck (72.48 or 11.43%), all pig breeds, while in the abdominal rib part there was determined most fat tissue (36.19%), and the least muscle tissue was found in the back (55.94%). Also, the largest proportion of bones was found in the back and neck (15.82 or 15.64%) and lowest in the shoulder (9.92%). The largest share of muscle tissue was determined in the ham, followed by shoulder, abdominal rib part, back and finally neck. Most fat tissue was found in the ham, followed by abdominal rib part of the rib, back, shoulder and neck. The share of bones is greatest in the back and ham, followed by abdominal rib part, and shoulder and neck. Comparing the proportion of muscle tissue in the carcasses within the breeds, no statistically significant differences in the percentage of meat between two fertile breeds (Landrace and Yorkshire) was found, while there was statistically significant difference between the two fertile breeds and terminal Hampshire breed. On the other hand the influence of breed was highly significant on share of bones in the carcass, muscle tissue in the neck, bones in the ham, muscle tissue and bones in the abdominal rib part and shoulder, while it was of no importance on the share of fat tissue in the back, fat tissue and bones in the neck, muscle tissue in the ham, fat tissue in the abdominal rib part and shoulder. Breed had a highly significant impact on the amount of meat and bones in the carcasses. Because of the large influence breed on the tested quality traits, as well as the set selection criteria, the influence of breed is important. In other words, it is possible by proper selection, that is, in pure breed, to increase meat contents and reduce intramuscular fat in pig carcasses. Additive genes share, measured by heritability and repeatability coefficients, align the given qualities in medium and high genetic. The genetic variability is stabile and clear so it makes the guidance of genetic changes in desired direction justified.

Attachment and Proliferation of Bacteria on Meat

1989 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
KING-THOM CHUNG ◽  
JAMES S. DICKSON ◽  
JOHN D. GROUSE
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Initial Cell ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cell Concentrations ◽  
Number Of Cells

The attachment of bacteria (Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Salmonella arizonae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Listeria monocytogenes), to lean muscle tissue and fat tissue was investigated. The number of cells attached to the meat was directly proportional to the initial cell concentrations present. There was no significant difference in the number of cells attached between the lean muscle tissue and fat tissues among the organisms tested. All bacteria tested except P. aeruginosa proliferated better on the lean muscle tissues than on the fat tissue at ambient temperature for 72 h. No significant attachment competition to tissue samples was seen between L. monocytogenes and P. aeruginosa, however, the numbers of P. aeruginosa were greater than L. monocytogenes (after 24 h). Similarly, no competitive attachments between S. aureus and S. marcescens, S. faecalis and S. arizonae were observed; but the numbers of S. marcescens were greater than S. aureus, and S. arizonae were greater than S. faecalis, when the inoculated meat was incubated at room temperature for 24 h.

scholarly journals Properties and composition of carcass of domestic spotted young cattle of two preslaughter weights

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 1443-1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Petricevic ◽  
N. Stanisic ◽  
Lj. Sretenovic ◽  
M.M. Petrovic ◽  
S. Stajic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Kidney Fat ◽  
Group A ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
Group B ◽  
Almost All ◽  
A Share

Objective of this research was to determine the slaughter properties and carcass composition of carcass sides derived from young cattle of Domestic Spotted breed, of pre-slaughter weights of 500 (group A) and 600 kg (group B). Heavier cattle had higher share of kidney fat in carcass, whereas the share of offals showed no significant differences. Statistically significant difference was registered only in share of toungue (P<0.05), that was higher in cattle of group A. Share of extra/premium (tenderloin), I category (round) and II category (loin, back, shoulder) showed no significant differences between groups of cattle. Statistically significant difference (P<0.05) was established in the share of III category carcass parts. Share of forearm and chest was significantly higher in lighter cattle (3.55% and 7.95%) compared to heavier animals (2.89% and 6.33%), whereas the share of subshoulder was considerably lower in group A (6.89%) compared to cattle of group B (9.73%). Data obtained by dissection of main carcass side parts differed significantly in regard to the share of muscle tissue in round and belly, that was significantly higher in cattle of group A (P<0.05). Share of fat tissue (subcutaneous and intermuscular) was higher in cattle of group B in almost all carcass side parts, however, statistically significant difference between groups was determined only in round, back, neck and subshoulder. Also, share of bones in chest differed statistically significantly (P<0.05) and it was higher in group A (20.09%) compared to cattle of group B (15.52%).

scholarly journals Contribution to study of evaluation of the quality of pig carcasses according to method recommended by EU with focus on withers fat thickness

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Kosovac ◽  
B. Zivkovic ◽  
Milica Petrovic ◽  
C. Radovic
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Relative Share ◽  
Intermuscular Fat ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Pig Carcasses ◽  
Landrace Pig

The quality traits of Swedish landrace pig carcasses were investigated. According to short procedure of the method pf partial dissection described in detail by Walstra and Merkus (1996) the highest relative yield of muscle tissue in leg/ham, shoulder, back-loin section and belly-rib fat in carcasses of pigs with thinner withers fat - I group ( 65,76; 66,32; 50,70 and 53,95%). The highest relative share of intermuscular fat in shoulder, back-loin section and belly-rib fat was established in pigs with thicker withers fat - II group (3,16; 5,63 and 7,96%). Differences were significant at the level of 5%. Higher yield of muscle tissue in carcasses was determined in fatteners with thinner withers fat - I group (57,83%) and differences between I and II research groups weren?t significant (p>0,05).

scholarly journals Selection criteria in relation to pork carcasses quality

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 201-214
Author(s):  
Vitomir Vidovic ◽  
Dragomir Lukac ◽  
Ljuba Strbac ◽  
Desanka Punos ◽  
Vladislav Visnjic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Price Formation ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Quality Rating ◽  
Pig Carcasses ◽  
Dairy Breed ◽  
Optimal Quality

The paper presents the effect of various selection criteria (Landrace, Yorkshire - productive dairy breed and Hampshire - terminal) on the carcasses quality, as well as differences between sex in regard to distribution of meat, fat and bones. The study included 210 randomly selected pig carcasses at commercial farms, classified by breed and sex. Carcass dissection was carried out according to the model of EU 1992. The percentage of meat in fertile breeds carcasses was 2.04% lower (55.02%), compared to the terminal breed (57.06%). Comparing the proportion of muscle tissue in carcasses of male and female animals, there was determined a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Within the breeds there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) in percentage of meat between two fertile breeds (Landrace and Yorkshire). A statistically significant difference (P<0.05) between fertile and terminal Hampshire breeds was determined. Sex and breed had highly significant impact on the amount of meat in the carcasses. Also, sex had a significantly influenced the amount of fat, while breed significantly influenced the amount of bone in carcasses. The largest and most important part of the carcass is a leg with a share of 29.17% in male and 29.17% in female animals. Data collection on the slaughter line as well as knowledge of slaughterhouses properties are basic conditions for work on genetic improvement of pig carcass quality. Quality rating of pigs on the slaughter line and price formation is a prerequisite for establishing trust between farmers and slaughterhouses. Mutual interest lies also in profit, so farmers will earn more carrying out meatiness selection while slaughterhouses will buy cattle with more meat of optimal quality.

Effect of Supplementation of Multi Enzymes on Production Performance and Egg Quality Traits in White Leghorn Layers

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Pandian ◽  
A. Sundaresan ◽  
A. V. Omprakash
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation

The present study was conducted to assess the effect of supplementation of Multi-enzymes with lysophospholipids on production performance of pure line White Leghorn layers. Body weights before and after the experiment did not differ significantly across the experimental diets. Irrespective of the dietary treatments, the birds gained 3.83 per cent of live weight relative to its initial body weight. Mean per cent Hen housed egg production was significantly (Pis less than 0.05) higher in diet supplemented with 0.10 MEC-L than other groups. Mean egg weight and average daily feed consumption during 25 to 35 weeks of age indicated no significant effect of enzyme supplementation. Average daily feed consumption per bird in control, 0.05 % and 0.1% multi-enzyme supplemented groups was 108.13, 105.66 and 107.67 g respectively and birds offered control diet recorded numerically more feed intake than enzyme supplemented groups. Comparatively low feed per egg was observed in 0.10 per cent group followed by 0.05 per cent group which offers economic benefits than control diets. However, the egg quality traits between different dietary enzyme supplementation groups showed no significant difference.

En bloc laminoplasty without dissection of paraspinal muscles

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noboru Hosono ◽  
Hironobu Sakaura ◽  
Yoshihiro Mukai ◽  
Takahiro Ishii ◽  
Hideki Yoshikawa
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Neck Muscle ◽  
Open Door ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Spinous Processes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Although conducting cervical laminoplasty in patients with multisegmental cord compression provides good neurological results, it is not without shortcomings, including C-5 palsy, axial neck pain, and undesirable radiologically detectable changes. Postoperative kyphosis and segmental instability can cause neurological problems and are believed mainly to result from neck muscle disruption. The authors developed a new laminoplasty technique, with the aim of preserving optimal muscle function. Methods. The present technique is a modification of unilateral open-door laminoplasty. By using an ultrasonic osteotome in small gaps of muscle bellies, a gutter is made without disrupting muscles, spinous processes, or their connections on the hinged side. Ceramic spacers are then positioned between elevated laminae and lateral masses at C-3, C-5, and C-7 on the opened side, which is exposed in a conventional manner. This new procedure was used to treat 37 consecutive patients with compression myelopathy. Postoperative computerized tomography (CT) scanning revealed a significant difference in a cross-sectional area of muscles between the hinged and opened side. The mean follow-up period was 40.2 months (range 24–54 months). Changes in alignment were observed in only one patient, and vertebral slippage developed in two. Performed at regular intervals, CT scanning demonstrated that the elevated laminae remained in situ throughout the study period. Conclusions. In using the present unilateral open-door laminoplasty technique, deep extensor muscles are left intact along with their junctions to spinous processes on the hinged side. Radiologically documented changes were minimal because the preserved muscles functioned normally immediately after the operation.

Antibiotic Residues Distribute Uniformly in Broiler Chicken Breast Muscle Tissue

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
IXCHEL REYES-HERRERA ◽  
DAN J. DONOGHUE
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Chicken Breast ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Monitoring Process ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Edible Tissues ◽  
Muscle Types ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic

Use of antibiotics by the poultry industry has the potential to produce residues in edible tissues. In order to protect consumers, the U.S. federal government performs extensive evaluations to quantify residues in edible tissues to ensure that concentrations do not exceed the tolerance level. However, in the case of muscle tissue, the regulatory process does not differentiate between different edible muscle types in poultry. Previous studies performed by our laboratory determined higher fluoroquinolone residue concentrations in breast versus thigh muscle. Thus, if thigh tissues were used for residue monitoring, it would not accurately depict the higher concentrations. It is also possible that residue concentrations vary within tissues. To evaluate this possibility, fluoroquinolone antibiotic residues were determined for different breast sections. One hundred sixty chickens were randomly divided into four groups and dosed at 33 days of age with the fluoroquinolone antibiotic, enrofloxacin (Baytril), at either 25 ppm for 3 days, 25 ppm for 7 days, 50 ppm for 3 days, or 50 ppm for 7 days. Breast fillets were collected from each bird (n = 5 birds per day per group) during the dosing and withdrawal period. Each breast was divided into four sections (upper left, upper right, lower left, and lower right) that were analyzed as individual samples for determination of fluoroquinolone concentration. Our results indicated no significant difference (P &gt; 0.05) in the levels of enrofloxacin residues between breast sections during the dosing or withdrawal periods. Consequently, samples can be collected from any breast section to evaluate fluoroquinolone residue concentrations during the regulatory monitoring process.

scholarly journals Analysis of the muscle tissue of Wistar rats submitted to the sciatic nerve compression model and cryotherapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhenifer Karvat ◽  
Camila Mayumi Martin Kakihata ◽  
Lizyana Vieira ◽  
José Luis da Conceição Silva ◽  
Lucinéia de Fátima Chasko Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Nerve Compression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Injury Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effects of right sciatic nerve compression and cryotherapy on muscle tissue. Methods: We used 42 male Wistar rats, subdivided in the following Groups Control, Injury 3, Injury 8 and Injury 15 submitted to nerve compression and euthanized in the 3rd, 8th and 15th day after surgery. The Cryotherapy Injury 3 was entailed treatment with cryotherapy by immersion of the animal in recipient for 20 minutes during 1 day, then animals were euthanized at the 3rd day after surgery, and the Cryotherapy Injury 8 and the Cryotherapy Injury 15 was treated for 6 days, and euthanized at the 8th and 15th day after surgery. Functional evaluation was performed by the grasping strength of the right pelvic limb. The right tibialis anterior muscles were evaluated for mass, smaller diameter and cross-sectional area. In the Cryotherapy Injury 8 and the Cryotherapy Injury 15 groups, the hydroxyproline was dosed in the right soles. Results: In the compression there was a significant difference in the Injury Groups compared with the Control Group (p<0.05). In the smaller diameter, the compression in Control Group was higher than Injury 8 (p=0.0094), Injury 15 (p=0.002) and Cryotherapy Injury 15 (p<0.001) groups. The comparison between groups with euthanasia in the same post-operative period, a significant difference (p=0.0363) was seen in day 8th after surgery, and this result in Cryotherapy Injury Group was greater than Injury Group. In the fiber area, Control Group was also higher than the Injury 8 (p=0.0018), the Injury 15 (p<0.001) and the Cryotherapy Injury 15 (p<0.001). In hydroxyproline, no significant difference was seen between groups. Conclusion: Nerve damage resulted in decreased muscle strength and trophism, the cryotherapy delayed hypotrophy, but this effect did not persist after cessation of treatment.

scholarly journals The quality of pork ham - tissue yield depending on individual factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-404
Author(s):  
Cedomir Radovic ◽  
Marija Gogic ◽  
Nenad Parunovic ◽  
Dragan Radojkovic ◽  
Radomir Savic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Fatty Tissue ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Large White ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Tissue ◽  
Sire Breed

The study included the progeny of three boar-sires breeds (SL - Swedish Landrace; LW - Large White and P - Pietrain). A total of 201 progeny of both sexes (93 female and 108 male castrated animals), originating from 16 boar-sires, were tested. The study included the progeny of 10 SL boar-sires (sires nuRWer: 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 15, 16, 17 and 18), progeny of 3 LW sires (sires nuRWer: 4, 5 and 6) and 3 P boar-sires (sires nuRWer 14, 19 and 20), born in four seasons (winter, spring, summer and autumn). Studies have shown that, with an mean weight of a warm carcass side of 81.20 kg, the highest mean values for ham weight (RW; 10.456 kg), mass of intermuscular fatty tissue (RINT; 0.477 kg), ham bone (RB; 0.837 kg) and muscle tissue RMT, 7,939 kg) have progeny of the sires of Pietrain breed (P) compared to SL and LW sires. In comparison to animals sired by SL and LW boars, the progeny of P sires had less skin and subcutaneous fat tissue (RSFT) by 30 and 549 grams. Studies have shown that we have progeny of sires 7 and 9 of SL breed which have the lowest LSMean values for the yield of skin and subcutaneous fat tissue (869 and 876 g), which is below the mean for breed by 364 and 357 g. In addition, when it comes to intermuscular fatty tissue, the lowest established value was recorded in the progeny of sire no. 8 of SL breed (182 g), which is by 220 g less than the general mean and by 132 g below the mean of the sire breed. The animals originating from sires n. 19 and 20 showed the highest weight of muscle tissue (RMT) (8.489 and 8.118 kg) in the ham, which is by 2.853 and 2.482 kg more meat compared to the progeny of sire no. 5 of LW breed. The total weight of the ham and the ham muscle yield were influenced by (P <0.01 and P <0.001) sire breed, sires within the breed, gender and season of birth. A very significant (P <0.001) influence of the weight of warm carcass sides on the ham weight and tissue yield was determined.

scholarly journals Quality of carcass sides, yield and distribution of certain tissues in carcasses from pigs fattened in conventional way and on deep litter

2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 179-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Kosovac ◽  
Branislav Zivkovic ◽  
Tatjana Smiljakovic ◽  
C. Radovic
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Lower Mass ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Group I ◽  
Pig Carcasses ◽  
Group Yield

Objective of this research was to present and compare results of the research of the effect of two fattening methods, on deep litter and conventional method (without litter). Slaughter properties have been determined with special focus on distribution of certain tissues in pig carcasses fattened in two different ways. Research was carried out on meat, fattening pig breeds - Swedish landrace. Research included 115 fatteners from single farm in Vojvodina. Depending on the housing conditions, two groups were formed: first group - group I (60 heads in group) was housed on deep litter, and the second - group II (55 heads in group), without litter. At the end of the trial, pigs were slaughtered and dissection was performed on cooled (+4?C) left carcass sides and meat yield determined using the method of partial dissection (Walstra and Merkus, 1996). Carcass sides were cut in 12 parts. Based on the meat quantity in four main carcass parts: leg, shoulder, back-loin part (BLP) and belly-rib part (BRP), which contain 75% of total musculature mass and mass of tenderloin of carcass side, meat percentage in carcass sides was calculated according to formulation (Manojlovic Danica et al., 1999). Fatteners housed on deep litter had statistically significantly (**p<0.01) lower mass of cool carcass sides (38.38 kg) compared to fatteners housed without litter (40.90 kg). Higher absolute and relative shares of leg (10.22 kg and 25.02%) were established and higher absolute yield of shoulder (5.35 kg ) in fatteners housed in boxes without litter (II group). Yield of muscle tissue in leg, shoulder, BLP and BRP was higher in fatteners of the II group (without litter) compared to pigs fattened on deep litter, and also statistically highly significant differences were established in share of muscle tissue in shoulder (**p<0.01) and considerable differences in regard to share of muscle tissue in BRP (*p<0.05). Meat yield of pig carcass sides was determined by method of partial dissection, for fatteners housed on deep litter it was 47,92%, and in case of fatteners housed without litter it was 53.89%. Established differences were very significant (**p<0.01).

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