scholarly journals Homophily in social networks

2016 ◽  
pp. 325-338
Author(s):  
Аna Bilinovic ◽  
Valentina Sokolovska
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Structural Feature ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Prominent Feature ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

Homophily is a prominent feature of social networks and consistent structural feature of societies and their segments. Defined as a tendency towards ?joining with their own kind,? homophily represents a condition in which the participants in interaction have one or more common social attributes, above the level which can be predicted by the basic model of random grouping. This paper analyzes the nature and types of homophilic interactions, focusing on the many types of homophilic networks among a wide range of dimensions in which the similarities in the social attributes of the individuals cause homophily. Special attention is paid to the origin of homophilic interaction, the impact of structural constraints on patterns of homophily, as well as cognitive processes that cause a greater likelihood of interaction between people who have similar social attributes.

Textual Transformations

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Book History ◽  
John Dryden ◽  
Book Production ◽  
Original Essays ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lucy Hutchinson ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

This collection of twelve original essays by an international team of eminent scholars in the field of book history explores the many ways in which early modern books were subject to reworking, re-presentation, revision and reinterpretation. Their history is often the history of multiple, sometimes competing, agencies as their texts were re-packaged, redirected and transformed in ways that their original authors might hardly recognize. The essays discuss the processes of editing, revision, redaction, selection, abridgement, glossing, disputation, translation and posthumous publication that resulted in a textual elasticity and mobility that could dissolve distinctions between text and paratexts, textuality and intertextuality, manuscript and print, author and reader or editor, such that title and author’s name are no longer sufficient pointers to a book’s identity or contents. The essays are alive to the impact of commercial and technological aspects of book production and distribution (discussing, for example, the career of the pre-eminent bookseller John Nourse, the market appeal of abridgements, and the financial incentives to posthumous publication), but their interest is also in the many additional forms of agency that shaped texts and their meanings as books were repurposed to articulate, and respond to, a variety of cultural and individual needs. They engage with early modern religious, political, philosophical and scholarly trends and debates as they discuss a wide range of genres and kinds of publication (including fictional and non-fictional prose, verse miscellanies, abridgements, sermons, religious controversy) and of authors and booksellers (including Lucy Hutchinson, Richard Baxter, Thomas Burnet, Elizabeth Rowe, John Dryden, and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Lucy Hutchinson, Henry Maundrell, John Nourse; Jonathan Swift, Samuel Richardson, John Tillotson, Isaac Watts and John Wesley).

Initial Impressions of Others

2012 ◽  
pp. 336-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Uleman ◽  
S. Adil Saribay
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Attribution Theory ◽  
Impression Formation ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Controlled Attention ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Cognitive Processes ◽  
The Many ◽  
And Control ◽  
Initial Impressions

“Initial impressions” bring together personality and social psychology like no other field of study—“personality” because (1) impressions are about personalities, and (2) perceivers’ personalities affect these impressions; and “social” because (3) social cognitive processes of impression formation, and (4) sociocultural contexts have major effects on impressions. To make these points, we first review how people explicitly describe others: the terms we use, how these descriptions reveal our theories about others, the important roles of traits and types (including stereotypes) in these descriptions, and other prominent frameworks (e.g., narratives and social roles). Then we highlight recent research on the social cognitive processes underlying these descriptions: automatic and controlled attention, the many effects of primes (semantic and affective) and their dependence on contexts, the acquisition of valence, spontaneous inferences about others, and the interplay of automatic and control processes. Third, we examine how accurate initial impressions are, and what accuracy means, as well as deception and motivated biases and distortions. Fourth, we review recent research on effects of target features, perceiver features, and relations between targets and perceivers. Finally, we look at frameworks for understanding explanations, as distinct from descriptions: attribution theory, theory of mind, and simulation theory.

Marriage and Sexual Relations in the New Testament World

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Loader
Keyword(s):  
Roman Society ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
The Social ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Many ◽  
Marital Sex ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Common Understanding

After a brief overview of the social context and role of marriage and sexuality in Jewish and Greco-Roman cultures, the chapter traces the impact of the Genesis creation narratives, positively and negatively, on how marriage and sexuality were seen both in the present and in depictions of hope for the future. Discussion of pre-marital sex, incest, intermarriage, polygyny, divorce, adultery, and passions follows. It then turns to Jesus’ reported response to divorce, arguing that the prohibition sayings should be read as assuming that sexual intercourse both effects permanent union and severs previous unions, thus making divorce after adultery mandatory, the common understanding and legal requirement in both Jewish and Greco-Roman society of the time. It concludes by noting both the positive appreciation of sex and marriage, grounded in belief that they are God’s creation, and the many dire warnings against sexual wrongdoing, including adulterous attitudes and uncontrolled passions.

Big Data Ethics and Politics: Toward New Understandings

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenhong Chen ◽  
Anabel Quan-Haase
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Data Ethics ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Health Institutions ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Privacy Breaches ◽  
The Many ◽  
Ethics And Politics

The hype around big data does not seem to abate nor do the scandals. Privacy breaches in the collection, use, and sharing of big data have affected all the major tech players, be it Facebook, Google, Apple, or Uber, and go beyond the corporate world including governments, municipalities, and educational and health institutions. What has come to light is that enabled by the rapid growth of social media and mobile apps, various stakeholders collect and use large amounts of data, disregarding the ethics and politics. As big data touch on many realms of daily life and have profound impacts in the social world, the scrutiny around big data practice becomes increasingly relevant. This special issue investigates the ethics and politics of big data using a wide range of theoretical and methodological approaches. Together, the articles provide new understandings of the many dimensions of big data ethics and politics, showing it is important to understand and increase awareness of the biases and limitations inherent in big data analysis and practices.

scholarly journals The phenomenon of "digital" death: formation and genesis of the attitude to death in social networks of students

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1262-1275
Author(s):  
Vera B. Nikishina ◽  
Marina V. Sokolskaya ◽  
Oksana A. Musatova ◽  
Irina M. Loskutova ◽  
Irina Zapesotskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Fear Of Death ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Attitude To Death ◽  
User Attitudes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Attitudes Towards Death ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, we study the phenomenon of “digital” death, its genesis and the attitudes towards death in the context of social networks of students. As a result of the investigation we have discovered different forms of “digital death and the ways students react to it in social networks. We further investigate the origins of different user attitudes towards “digital death” and the impact of manipulative relation to death in social networks on the social reality. Some students stage their own death on social networks by posting images on their homepage, which has the intentions (i) to attract public attention, (ii) to express their auto aggression (iii) to make fun of death and (iv) to reduce their own anxiety of death by "sharing" the fear with other students. Our analysis shows that the main purpose of staging one’s death on social networks is to reduce the fear of death by creating plans, playing. Keywords: Students, cyberspace, social networks, death, "digital" death, attitude to the death in the social networks.

scholarly journals LIFE ON DISPLAY: WHY IT IS IMPORTANT TO EXPOSE YOUR ACTIONS ON THE SOCIAL NETWORK

2021 ◽  
Vol 6(72) (4) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
A. E. Starchenko ◽  
M. V. Semina
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
Personal Accounts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
To Receive

Social networks have emerged relatively recently in human life, but have already become an integral part of it. Companies tell about themselves, their activities, innovations, promotions and events in their profiles. This helps increase audience coverage, tell more about your brand, products, services. People in personal accounts have the opportunity to share their lives and creativity through photos, videos and texts. Now it is not necessary to receive higher education to become an operator, director or actor whose talent is recognized by society. It is enough to start a page on the social network and start sharing your knowledge and creativity. To find out why people post photos, videos and write texts on their social networks, a pilot sociological study was carried out. The method of deep interview with active users of social networks was chosen to carry out the study. The interview allowed getting unique information, to learn the opinion of users about social networks, the impact of the new way of communication on their life, to identify the reasons why users start and maintain profiles. The respondents were 20 users of social networks between the ages of 19 and 22. Interviewees have profiles on the most popular Instagram and Vkontakte networks. As a result of the analysis of the interview, a tendency was revealed to differ in the perception of users of their actions on the social network and similar actions of other users. Their content is perceived by them as opportunities to be in sight, as a resource to form their social status and an element of influence on their reference group. And the same content published by others is perceived as boasting.

scholarly journals The Need for Shared Nomenclature on Racism and Related Terminology in Psychology

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 886-892
Author(s):  
Angela M. Haeny ◽  
Samantha C. Holmes ◽  
Monnica T. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Racial Microaggressions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
Racial Hierarchy ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

With the increased desire to engage in antiracist clinical research, there is a need for shared nomenclature on racism and related constructs to help move the science forward. This article breaks down the factors that contributed to the development and maintenance of racism (including racial microaggressions), provides examples of the many forms of racism, and describes the impact of racism for all. Specifically, in the United States, racism is based on race, a social construct that has been used to categorize people on the basis of shared physical and social features with the assumption of a racial hierarchy presumed to delineate inherent differences between groups. Racism is a system of beliefs, practices, and policies that operate to advantage those at the top of the racial hierarchy. Individual factors that contribute to racism include racial prejudices and racial discrimination. Racism can be manifested in multiple forms (e.g., cultural, scientific, social) and is both explicit and implicit. Because of the negative impact of racism on health, understanding racism informs effective approaches for eliminating racial health disparities, including a focus on the social determinants of health. Providing shared nomenclature on racism and related terminology will strengthen clinical research and practice and contribute to building a cumulative science.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF ENDOCRINE RESPONSE TO PERCEIVED DIFFERENCE IN CROSS-CULTURAL INTERACTIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole Woolford-Hunt ◽  
Marlene Murray ◽  
Tevni Guerra ◽  
Kristina Beenken-Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
Endocrine Response ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Education Psychology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Do So ◽  
Cultural Interactions

We live in a world where awareness of ethnic and cultural diversity is an ever increasing reality. Business and education turn to the social sciences to inform them about how to manage and optimize cross-cultural interactions. Although much research has been done on the impact of cross-cultural interactions on a wide range of variables, one less researched area is the endocrine response to cross-cultural interactions. In this study we set out to investigate the endocrine response to cross cultural interactions and the impact of these interactions on perceived differences. To do so we measured the pre and post levels of the stress hormone cortisol of individuals communicating in dyads for 15 minutes. Results showed a significant impact of ethnic interaction on perceived differences and cortisol levels. Practical implications of these findings could have application in the areas of education, psychology, business and human relations in general. Implications for further research are discussed.

Readings in Medical Care

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 752-752
Author(s):  
CHARLES D. MAY
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Reference Material ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Future Position

This is not a book that lends itself to review, but it should be known to those engaged in teaching diverse aspects of pediatrics. As the title implies, it is a collection of readings in medical care. The material covers a wide range of topics on the social and public health aspects of medicine and the hospital, office and home care of patients. It is a useful source of reference material to acquaint the student with his future position in the community and the impact of economic circumstances on medical care.

The Impact of Social Networks on Science Students' Academic Performance in Ondo State Senior Secondary Schools, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-63
Author(s):  
Jethro Oludare OLOJO
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Science Students ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ondo State ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Senior Secondary Schools ◽  
Senior Secondary ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study was to examine the impact of social network usage on science students’ academic achievements in Ondo State’s senior secondary schools. The study was also to find the extent to which students under investigation used the social network platforms and the frequencies of their visits. In order to achieve this, a structured questionnaire was designed and administered to students from the three senatorial districts that made up the state. A multistage; which involved simple random and purposive sampling approaches was used to select the sample for the study. 150 copies of the questionnaire were distributed; out of which, 148 (98.78%) copies were returned. For the study, four research questions and two research hypotheses were developed. The hypotheses were assessed using the student's - t statistic at 0.05 significant level; using SPSS version 20 while the research questions formulated were evaluated using frequency counts and percentages. The study revealed that Ondo State senior secondary school science students can efficiently use the social network platforms for academic activities with male students being more proficient than their female counterparts. The study also revealed that the usage of social networks has assisted students to improve their academic performance; irrespective of their classes. Besides, the study showed that Facebook was the most popular of all the social network platforms. To this end, the researcher recommended that teachers, parents, and guidance should monitor the activities of their wards on the social network sites so that they can use the platforms to benefit their lots. Teachers should also use the advantage of students’ exposure to social networking to change their teaching methods from traditional one to online teaching.

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