scholarly journals Regional differences in concentration of population in Serbia

2018 ◽  
pp. 673-685
Author(s):  
Danica Djurkin ◽  
Milica Todorovic
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Concentration Index ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
The State ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Measure Concentration ◽  
Population Concentration ◽  
Dispersion Zone

For understanding the demographic, economic and social development of the researched area, studying the distribution and concentration of population has a great importance. Spatial concentration of population of Serbia is a result of the rapid economic transformation after the Second World War. The intensive migration flows from villages to cities in the 1960s, on the first place, accompanied by a negative trend of natural population change, on the second, led to the redistribution and creation of regional and interregional differences in spatial distribution of population. By applying the chosen measure, concentration index, on the smallest level of the territorial structure of Serbia (settlements), the degree of population concentration is precisely determined and presented. Based on these results, the regional differences in concentration of population in Serbia are explained, which was the aim of this paper. Analyzing the results in the study area, four zones were distinguished: deconcentration i.e. the zone of dispersion, the zone of moderate, the zone of high and of extremely high concentration. A comparative study of a chosen indicator pointed to a certain territorial changes in the distribution of population for the observed period (from 1961 to 2011). At the interregional level, the most intensive spread of dispersion zone is noticed in the regions of South and East Serbia, Sumadija and Western Serbia and Vojvodina, while the highest average value of a given indicator, which records a constant increase as well, is established in the Belgrade region. Micro-level data showed concentration trend in 11.3% of settlements, but population dispersion in 88.7% of settlements. The dispersion zone covers the largest part of Serbia (84.2% of all rural settlements) and the directions of dispersion are clearly noticeable moving from the state border to the interior of the territory, and then from larger regional and municipal centres to the periphery. However, the zone of moderate concentration has decreased in spatial and demographic terms almost three times. Intensified processes of concentration led to the creation of the zone with extremely high concentration of population (41.4% of the total population of Serbia), but it includes only 1.7% of settlements. Areas with a high population concentration are limited to the industrialized and urbanized settlements with favourable traffic-geographical position on the axes of the state development (corridors). The application of concentration index to the settlement level of the Republic of Serbia outlined the differentiation of space, with a significant spatial-demographic imbalance, resulting in uneven distribution and territorial and demographic polarization.

The Prophetic Voice of the Church in a Democratic South Africa – A Theological Reflection

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lufuluvhi Maria Mudimeli
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
The State ◽  
Black Liberation ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Black Liberation Theology ◽  
Prophetic Voice ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Church

This article is a reflection on the role and contribution of the church in a democratic South Africa. The involvement of the church in the struggle against apartheid is revisited briefly. The church has played a pivotal and prominent role in bringing about democracy by being a prophetic voice that could not be silenced even in the face of death. It is in this time of democracy when real transformation is needed to take its course in a realistic way, where the presence of the church has probably been latent and where it has assumed an observer status. A look is taken at the dilemmas facing the church. The church should not be bound and taken captive by any form of loyalty to any political organisation at the expense of the poor and the voiceless. A need for cooperation and partnership between the church and the state is crucial at this time. This paper strives to address the role of the church as a prophetic voice in a democratic South Africa. Radical economic transformation, inequality, corruption, and moral decadence—all these challenges hold the potential to thwart our young democracy and its ideals. Black liberation theology concepts are employed to explore how the church can become prophetically relevant in democracy. Suggestions are made about how the church and the state can best form partnerships. In avoiding taking only a critical stance, the church could fulfil its mandate “in season and out of season” and continue to be a prophetic voice on behalf of ordinary South Africans.

Lineages of the Developmentalist State: Transnationality and Village India, 1900–1965

2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subir Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
The State ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Planning Commission ◽  
Pilot Projects ◽  
Food Grain ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
Jawaharlal Nehru

On 2 October 1952, marking Gandhi's fourth birth anniversary after his assassination in 1948, Jawaharlal Nehru, the first prime minister of postcolonial India, launched the Community Development (CD) Programs. Dedicating the programs to Gandhi's memory allowed Nehru to claim symbolic legitimacy for them. At the same time, this centerpiece of Nehruvian policy in the Indian countryside was heavily interventionist, billed as “the method ... through which the [state] seeks to bring about social and economic transformation in India's villages” (Government of India 1952). In its heyday, CD preoccupied the Planning Commission, was linked to the office of the Prime Minister, had a ministry dedicated to it, and formed part of the domain of action of the rapidly proliferating state and other development agencies. Fifteen pilot projects, each covering 300 villages, were launched in all the major states. Planning documents of the day register high enthusiasm and optimism for these programs. However, by the mid-1960s, barely a decade after the fanfare of its launch, the tone of planners toward CD turned first despairing and then oppositional. They called for abandonment of its ambitious aim of the total development of Indian villages in favor of more focused interventions to achieve a rapid increase in food-grain production.

scholarly journals Waiting for the next wave: trajectories, narratives and conveying the state of public sector reform

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evert Lindquist
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Public Management ◽  
New Public Management ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
The State ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
State Sector ◽  
Democratic Reform ◽  
New Public

With the adoption of the State Sector Act in 1988, the New Zealand public sector revolution was in full motion. The Act was one of many initiatives that provided a new framework for government and managing public services (Boston et al., 1996; Scott, 2001). New Zealand rapidly became the poster child for what became known as the New Public Management, and an archetype scrutinised around the world. The audacity and intellectual coherence of the New Zealand model became a standard against which the progress of other governments was judged. These reforms were part of  a larger social and economic transformation which led to dislocation and democratic reform. In the crucible of introducing and implementing these reforms, and in the inevitable re-adjustment phases, New Zealand gained a reputation for continuous reflection on its progress by its political leaders, government officials and a small band of impressive academics.

scholarly journals Methodology of Forming a Comprehensive Mechanism for Public Administration of Service Cooperation Development in Rural Areas of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4S) ◽  
pp. 152-156 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Coherent System ◽  
Situational Analysis ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Cooperative Movement

with carrying out the decentralization reform public administration mechanisms play an important role in ensuring the comprehensive development of rural areas. Expanding the use of such mechanisms in the sphere of cooperation on the state level will facilitate development and support of small entrepreneurial forms, common use of material and technical basis, emerging new working places, building social infrastructure and engineering communications, providing qualitative services to citizens and preserving rural settlements. The objective of the article is to identify constituents of the comprehensive mechanism of public administration for development of service cooperation of rural areas in Ukraine and to integrate them into a coherent system which would facilitate realization of the state strategies and programmes to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. The object of the research is a comprehensive mechanism of public administration for development of service cooperation. Research methodology is grounded upon the use of general scientific knowledge methods, in particular, logical and semantic, induction and deduction for formulating definitions, systemic and situational analysis for characterizing constituents of a comprehensive mechanism and identifying their interrelations. Based on the systemic approach it has been defined that comprehensive mechanism is an integrated system which combines interrelated and dependable functioning of legislative, institutional, organisational and economic, financial and credit, information and communication as well as staffing mechanisms in the sphere of developing cooperative movement in the rural localities. It is proved that every mechanism influences its particular direction and is formed at the international, national, regional and local levels based on cooperative values and generalized system of principles. Special attention is paid to the research of international and national legislation to generalize the system of principles of cooperation, intermunicipal cooperation, public authorities and public associations’ functioning, upon which the comprehensive mechanism for public administration of service cooperation development in rural areas of Ukraine is based.

scholarly journals Inventory of forest belts on agricultural lands of Streletsky rural settlement of Belgorodsky district of Belgorod region

2021 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 02025
Author(s):  
Anton A. Melentyev
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Rural Settlement ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Proper Condition

From 2016, on the territory of the Belgorod region, the project ‘Formation of a system for maintenance and reproduction of fieldprotective woodlands (forest belts) on agricultural lands in the Belgorod region’ is being implemented. The main goal of this project is to ensure safety and maintenance in proper condition of at least 50 thousand hectares of protective woodland (forest belts) on the territory of the Belgorod region by securing responsibility of specific land users and (or) local authorities. Based on the results of this work, materials for calculating the areas of former farms in the Belgorod region were collected and systematized; on the territories of urban and rural settlements of the Belgorod region, on basis of the data obtained, an inventory of field-protective, gully forest belts and forest belts, adjacent to local highways, has to be carried out, an inventory of forest belts adjacent to highways of regional importance has to be carried out, municipal applications for cleaning and mulching forest belts has to be drawn up. Thus, assessment of the state of forest belts of the Belgorod region and their subsequent restoration or revegetation is carried out.

scholarly journals Third Revision of the Global Surface Seawater Dimethyl Sulfide Climatology (DMS-Rev3)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrivardhan Hulswar ◽  
Rafel Simo ◽  
Martí Galí ◽  
Thomas Bell ◽  
Arancha Lana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfide ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Surface Seawater ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Global Surface

Abstract. This paper presents an updated estimation of the bottom-up global surface seawater dimethyl sulfide (DMS) climatology. This update, called DMS-Rev3, is the third of its kind and includes five significant changes from the last climatology, ‘L11’ (Lana et al., 2011) that was released about a decade ago. The first change is the inclusion of new observations that have become available over the last decade, creating a database of 872,427 observations leading to a ~18-fold increase in raw data as compared to the last estimation The second is significant improvements in data handling, processing, and filtering, to avoid biases due to different observation frequencies which results from different measurement techniques. Thirdly, we incorporate the dynamic seasonal changes observed in the geographic boundaries of the ocean biogeochemical provinces. The fourth change involves the refinement of the interpolation algorithm used to fill in the missing data. And finally, an upgraded smoothing algorithm based on observed DMS variability length scales (VLS) helps to reproduce a more realistic distribution of the DMS concentration data. The results show that DMS-Rev3 estimates the global annual mean DMS concentration to be ~1.87 nM (2.35 nM without a sea-ice mask), i.e., about 4 % lower than the previous bottom-up ‘L11’ climatology. However, significant regional differences of more than 100 % as compared to L11 are observed. The global sea to air flux of DMS is estimated at ~27 TgS yr−1 which is about 4 % lower than L11, although, like the DMS distribution, large regional differences were observed. The largest changes are observed in high concentration regions such as the polar oceans, although oceanic regions that were under-sampled in the past also show large differences between revisions of the climatology. Finally, DMS-Rev3 reduces the previously observed patchiness in high productivity regions.  

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