scholarly journals The history about the miraculous icons of the Hilandar Monastery

Zograf ◽  
2006 ◽  
pp. 219-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojan Miljkovic
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Sufficient Data ◽  
The Third ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
Passion Of Christ ◽  
The One ◽  
Made In

The History was written in Moscow in 1558/1559, as a compilation of the accounts of Hilandar monks who visited the Russian court, seeking charity and aid for the monastery, and describes the miracles that took place through the icons of Hilandar. The majority of miracles occurred during processions in the monastery and its vicinity, but there were some that happened before certain icons arrived in the Serbian monastery on Mount Athos. The latter deserve special attention, since they provide great help in shedding light on the place of origin, appearance and on the time when those icons arrived in the monastery, as is the case with the once deeply revered processional icon of the Theotokos Avramiotissa with the Prophet Elijah on the reverse side and, especially, the Theotokos Tricheirousa. The History confirms information from other sources, about this icon having been made in Skopje, and proves that the icon arrived in the monastery on the eve of the fall of Skopje to the Turks in 1392. It also describes its appearance - the Theotokos Hodegetria with the third arm painted below the one with which the Mother of God held the infant. As the earliest testimony about the existence of the cult of the Theotokos Tricheirousa in Hilandar, the text written in Moscow clearly singles out the initial story from the multitude of subsequent legends that have been told about it. The icon no longer exists and was replaced in the third quarter of the 18th century with the icon that is nowadays honoured as the Tricheirousa. Two more processional icons from the Hilandar katholikon can reliably be recognised in the text of the History the Theotokos Popska and Saint George, whereas for the others, some of which certainly no longer exist, this text does not provide sufficient data to identify them. Besides icons, the History also describes the most precious relics connected with the passion of Christ and other valuable works of art which are kept in the monastery in the present day, such as the crystal cross with the blood of Christ, a cross made of the Holy Wood on which Christ was crucified, a well-known Venetian diptych or the lavishly decorated Greek evangeliarion No. 105. In the mid-16th century, these objects were believed to have been brought by the founder of the monastery, Saint Sava, from his travels, as gifts to the monastery. Listed at the end of this interesting text are the gifts which Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible and the members of his family presented to the monks of Hilandar during their earlier visits to the Russian court.

scholarly journals The Books of Sigismund II Augustus in Vilnius University Library: Decorations of Book Covers and New Data about Provenances

Knygotyra ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 35-95
Author(s):  
Sondra Rankelienė
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
University Library ◽  
The World ◽  
Manufacturing Location ◽  
Book Covers ◽  
Vilnius University ◽  
Personal Library ◽  
Made In ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

In this article, the latest data about the personal book collection items of King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania Sigismund II Augustus in Vilnius University (VU) Library are presented. The authors that have been doing research on these books have not ascertained all of the embossed images that were used for cover decoration and have not identified the locations of where these books were bound and have not disclosed all of the provenances. In order to amend the lack of knowledge about the books of Sigismund II Augustus in VU library, the book covers of the King’s personal library were reviewed de visu and decorative ornaments were described. The ownership signs of the books were registered once again. While describing and comparing these books with the copies in various libraries of the world, the number of physical books (14) and publications in composite volumes (21) kept in VU library was assessed. The name of one book and a publisher’s imprint of two books were specified, eight provenances that were not mentioned by previous authors were registered. While describing book covers, the embossed images were given provisory names. Connections between the supralibros, dates of binding, decorative wheels, single embossed images, and other decorative elements were detected and lead to a reasonable conclusion that eight out of fourteen books from the Sigismund II Augustus collection were bound in Kraków, five were bound by bookbinders in Vilnius, while one was rebound in the 18th century. The identification of tools used by craftsmen that worked in Kraków and Vilnius will allow to ascertain the manufacturing location of similar book covers made in the middle of the 16th century.

scholarly journals Maciej Ziemierski, Testamenty krakowskiej rodziny Królików z XVII w.

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 11-41
Author(s):  
Maciej Ziemierski
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Family Members ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Town ◽  
Distinguished Member

17th century testaments of the Królik family from Krakow The article is dedicated to the Królik family from Krakow, who lived in the town from the late 16th century until the first years of the 18th century. The family members initially worked as tailors, later reinforcing the group of Krakow merchants in the third generation (Maciej Królik). Wojciech Królik – from the fourth generation – was a miner in Olkusz. The text omits the most distinguished member of the family, Wojciech’s oldest brother, the Krakow councillor Mikołaj Królik, whose figure has been covered in a separate work. The work shows the complicated religious relations in the family of non-Catholics, initially highly engaged in the life of the Krakow Congregation, but whose members gradually converted from Evangelism to Catholicism. As a result, Wojciech Królik and his siblings became Catholics. This work is complemented by four testaments of family members, with the first, Jakub Królik’s, being written in 1626 and the last one, Wojciech Królik’s, written in 1691.

Waving the historian’s magic wand: Temporal comparisons and analogies in the writing of history

2020 ◽  
pp. 0961463X2094403
Author(s):  
Javier Fernández-Sebastián
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Historical Consciousness ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Western Tradition ◽  
Conceptual History ◽  
Magic Wand ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modern Europe

The main purpose of this article is to raise some questions about temporal comparisons and analogies in the writing of history. The article has four parts. The first one shows that historical discipline, conceptual history and language itself can scarcely be conceived of in the absence of comparisons, implicit or explicit, between events, processes and individuals. The second section provides a few samples of the sources of inspiration of some recurrent temporal parallelisms in the Western tradition. The third identifies two key moments in the history of modern Europe when temporal analogies assumed particular importance. These two periods – two turns of the century (16th century and 18th century) – correspond to transitional phases between successive stages in the development of Western historical consciousness. The article ends with a brief reflection on the usefulness and limits of temporal analogies in the writing of history.

Zero Morphemes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eystein Dahl ◽  
Antonio Fábregas
Keyword(s):  
Strict Sense ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Important Ingredient ◽  
Analytical Instruments ◽  
The Third ◽  
Morphological Theory ◽  
The One ◽  
Morphological Expression ◽  
Made In

Zero or null morphology refers to morphological units that are devoid of phonological content. Whether such entities should be postulated is one of the most controversial issues in morphological theory, with disagreements in how the concept should be delimited, what would count as an instance of zero morphology inside a particular theory, and whether such objects should be allowed even as mere analytical instruments. With respect to the first problem, given that zero morphology is a hypothesis that comes from certain analyses, delimiting what counts as a zero morpheme is not a trivial matter. The concept must be carefully differentiated from others that intuitively also involve situations where there is no overt morphological marking: cumulative morphology, phonological deletion, etc. About the second issue, what counts as null can also depend on the specific theories where the proposal is made. In the strict sense, zero morphology involves a complete morphosyntactic representation that is associated to zero phonological content, but there are other notions of zero morphology that differ from the one discussed here, such as absolute absence of morphological expression, in addition to specific theory-internal interpretations of what counts as null. Thus, it is also important to consider the different ways in which something can be morphologically silent. Finally, with respect to the third side of the debate, arguments are made for and against zero morphology, notably from the perspectives of falsifiability, acquisition, and psycholinguistics. Of particular impact is the question of which properties a theory should have in order to block the possibility that zero morphology exists, and conversely the properties that theories that accept zero morphology associate to null morphemes. An important ingredient in this debate has to do with two empirical domains: zero derivation and paradigmatic uniformity. Ultimately, the plausibility that zero morphemes exist or not depends on the success at accounting for these two empirical patterns in a better way than theories that ban zero morphology.

scholarly journals The First European Maps of Muscovy (1525)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
O. F. Kudryavtsev
Keyword(s):  
Visual Representation ◽  
The Other ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
The One ◽  
Made In

The earliest maps entirely or at least partially dedicated to Muscovy appeared in Europe in 1520s as a result of an increasing interest in this land. Around this time a famous Italian humanist Paolo Giovio promised in his book «Libellus de legatione Basilii magni Principis Moscouiae ad Clementem. VII. Pont. Max.» to reproduce a map of Muscovy in print (in tabula typis excusa). But the map didn’t appear either in the first nor in succeeding editions of the Giovio’s book.Nevertheless, the map was discovered even in two versions. The first was found in manuscript atlas made in the first half of the 16th century in Venice by cartographer from Genoa Battista Agnese. The second one is a printed map prepared, as it seems, by Paolo Giovio for his book but for some reasons not added to it. Both maps have much in common, as a kind of introduction to them serves almost the same inscription: «Moscoviae tabula relatione Dimetrij legati descrypta sicuti ipse a pluribus accepit, cum totam prouinciam minime peragrasse fateatur anno M.D.XXV. octobris».After examining the two earliest maps of Muscovy I can support the opinion already expressed in historiography that for their resemblance they might be the variants of the same map. Nevertheless, there are some important and obvious differences in location of geographical objects and their names, which are difficult to account for in case the one map is a reproduction of the other.The fact that the first two European maps of Muscovy appeared in autumn 1525 coinciding with publication of three books about this country written by Paolo Giovio, Albertus Campensis and Johann Fabri is indicative of a great and intense attention which Europe payed to Muscovy in its oriental boundaries around this time. These maps complement the descriptions of Muscovy in above mentioned books by giving detailed and visual representation of Muscovy land as a complicated geographical object. We must acknowledge their authors – in spite of a great number of mistakes – were able to cope with this task.

scholarly journals Extracts of three letters : The one of M. Hugens, about a new invention of very exact and portative watches, serving to find the longitudes both at sea and Land: The second, of Dr . Swammerdam, touching an un-usual rupture of the the mercentery: The third, containing some observations of Mr. Lister about the star-stones ; together with Mr Rays annotations thereon.

1675 ◽  
Vol 10 (112) ◽  
pp. 272-279
Keyword(s):  
The Third ◽  
The One ◽  
Made In

The watches of this Invention being made in small, shall serve for very exact Pocket-watches, and when made greater, shall be useful every where else and particularly to find the Longitudes both by Sea and Land, forasmuch as their movement is regulated by a principle of Equality, as that of Pendulum's is Cycloid, and that no kind of carriage shall be able to stop them.

scholarly journals Towards to the mind-body problem

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 116-127
Author(s):  
Adam Skowron ◽  
Janusz Sytnik-Czetwertyński
Keyword(s):  
Body Problem ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mind Body Problem ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Made In

The mind-body problem is one of the most difficult challenges of modern science. An interesting attempt at providing a reductionist model of reality was made in the 18th century by Ruder Josip Bošković. The attractiveness of this model lies in the fact that it does not readily fit into any of the above categorizations. Although frequently associated with the third - a fact that laid it open to violent criticism, causing the philosopher serious trouble - it stands apart as an independent theory. For, according to Bošković, reality is neither material nor spiritual. Nor is it a union of both of these orders.

Seismic Vulnerability of the Dey’s Palace (Algiers, Algeria)

2010 ◽  
Vol 133-134 ◽  
pp. 789-794
Author(s):  
Amina Abdessemed-Foufa ◽  
Hayet Bendjedia
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
The Third ◽  
Defensive Structure ◽  
Visual Screening ◽  
The City

The Palace of the Dey at Algiers is located inside the Citadel of Algiers which was built in the 16th century (1516) by ‘Arrudj (Barbarous). The citadel is located at the higher part of the city and was the first military building at that time. The citadel was the janissary barracks and initially contained a powder keg, a walk, Janissaries residence places and their mosque. Starting from the 18th century appear new constructive strata. In 1716 some part of this military edifice was destroyed by an earthquake. In 1783 the Spanish bombarded Algiers and a bomb fell into the first storey of the palace. The architectural transformations took place in 1817 when the Dey ‘Ali Khūdja lived at the janissary’s barracks. Thereafter and during 12 years several buildings were added to this whole defensive structure as the second and the third floors of the palace, the Dey’s mosque, the bath, the Bey’s palace and the winter garden. During the French colonization, the palace undergoes other transformations as the destruction of most of the rampart of the city contiguous to the palace which caused its instability and which until today accentuates its vulnerability. The lack of maintains, the abandonment and the bad restoration which took place during the 20th century increased this vulnerability. This work based on a visual screening will present the various aspects of vulnerability due to static weaknesses of the angles and absence of wind-bracing of this palace.

scholarly journals Zachowane regesty z ksiąg metrykalnych parafii narolskiej z XVII-XVIII wieku

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 163-209
Author(s):  
Henryk Gmiterek
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
New Records ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
The Town ◽  
The Church ◽  
Made In

Rozwój badań nad zachowanymi księgami metrykalnymi (urodzeń, zawieranych małżeństw i zgonów) ma pierwszorzędne znaczenie nie tylko dla uszczegółowienia ustaleń genealogicznych poszczególnych rodów czy rodzin, ale przede wszystkim dla pogłębienia wiedzy o lokalnych społecznościach i zachodzących w ich obrębie procesów społecznych. Uprzystępnienie w różnych formach badaczom tej kategorii masowych źródeł historycznych może się w dłuższej perspektywie przyczynić do wyraźnego poszerzenia naszej wiedzy o różnorodnych zjawiskach demograficznych i stosunkach społecznych w obrębie żyjących przed wiekami pokoleń. Słowa kluczowe: Narol, parafia Narol, szlachta województwa bełskiego, genealogia The Extant Entries from the Narol Parish Records of the 17th – 18th Century The parish in Narol was established by Florian Łaszcz Nieledewski in 1595, in a village existing from the mid-16th century, near which he founded the town of Florianów (now Narol) in 1592. Visitations by bishops of Chełm, in whose dioceses Narol was located, confirm that the parish records (births, marriages) were kept from the very beginnings of the parish but in the autumn of 1648 they were destroyed during the Cossack-Tatar invasion (most probably burnt). The new records were kept from 1650. In the early 20th century they were seen in the Narol church by Karol Notz, famous in Galicia (Eastern Europe) for making inventories of historic relics. In 1914, the parish books were burnt during the fire of the town and the church. Their only known traces, discussed in the present publication, are excerpts/copies made in the mid-19th century by Ludwik Zieliński, which mostly refer to the noble families connected with Narol. The overwhelming majority of the 546 extracts are birth entries, only 29 being records of marriages.

scholarly journals Herder and the limits of the work of art

KÜLÖNBSÉG ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Szilvia Csanádi-Bognár
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
The Third ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
Epistemological Model ◽  
Formed Part

In the 16th and 17th centuries the concept of the line was discussed in the context of the debate between advocates of disegno colore and Poussin-Rubens as the device for forming images and the space of paintings. In contrast, parallel to the emergence of aesthetic discussion in the 18th century, the discussion of the concept formed part of the relation and the space between the work of art and the viewer. The distinctness of form became part of the discussion on abstract notions and ethical states. The importance of the line was discussed by several authors of the 18th century, like Winckelmann’s ideas on the outline. As a result, a whole cult of the silhouette emerged by the end of the 18th century. Wincklemann connected the notion of the outline to the concept of the idea, while Herder resisted granting importance to the notion of the line. The first section of the paper traces the place of the concept in 18th century theories of art. The second section summarizes the reasons for Herder’s resistance and shows what other concepts take over the role of the line in his epistemological model. The third section traces another difference between Herder and his contemporaries: why it remains unproblematic to talk of works of art, especially of sculpture, for Herder.

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