The Study of Chinese Politics: Toward a Third Generation of Scholarship

1984 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Harding
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Chinese Politics ◽  
General Description ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Competing Models ◽  
Contemporary Chinese ◽  
Study Of Chinese Politics

Research on contemporary Chinese politics can be divided into two distinct generations since its initiation in the early 1960s. The first, produced before the Cultural Revolution, was characterized by general description rather than systematic comparison or sophisticated conceptualization. The second generation, which appeared in the late 1960s and early 1970s, assigned greater attention to describing the variation of Chinese politics over space and time, identifying the informal norms and mechanisms by which Chinese politics operates, and developing general theories of the Chinese political process. In a third generation, which is just now beginning to emerge, we should see efforts to absorb the new sources of information now available about China; to sort, test, and amalgamate the competing models produced by the second generation; to integrate the analysis of Chinese politics with the rest of comparative politics; and to study Chinese politics in an interdisciplinary fashion.

Trends in the Study of Chinese Politics: State-Society Relations

1994 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 704-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Chinese Politics ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Contemporary Chinese ◽  
Source Materials ◽  
Study Of Chinese Politics

In his survey of the field some years ago, Harry Harding noted that the study of contemporary Chinese politics stood then on the threshold of a third generation of scholarship. While the first generation had been limited by the atmosphere of the Cold War and the second had been overly influenced by the Cultural Revolution, Harding held out hope for a third generation able to surpass its predecessors in both substance and theoretical sophistication. Nearly a decade has passed since the publication of Harding's prescient article and in fact such a third generation can now be discerned - distinguished from the first two not only by the prevailing political atmosphere, but also by its theoretical perspective and access to source materials.

scholarly journals Review Essay: What Happened to the Study of China in Comparative Politics?

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Eve Reny
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Review Essay ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chinese Politics ◽  
The Core ◽  
China's Rise ◽  
Contemporary Chinese ◽  
Study Of Chinese Politics

In 1986, Kenneth Lieberthal observed that the study of China in the United States had had little effect on the evolution of political science. Over twenty years later, its impact on the core debates in comparative politics seems to have been no more significant. Why have some of the most influential books in the study of contemporary Chinese politics not been significant in the discipline of comparative politics? Based on a quantitative overview of forty-two comparative politics syllabi, my argument is twofold. First, China scholarship has isolated the study of Chinese politics by primarily publishing in area journals, building analyses around debates exclusive to Chinese politics, and generating knowledge with limited contemplation of its potential for generalization outside China. Second, comparative politics seems to have been caught in a “democratic prism,” which has impeded scholars' ability to adapt some of the debates to empirical changes associated with China's rise and development.

From the 10th Party Congress to the Premiership of Hua Kuo-Feng: The Significance of the Colour of the Cat

1976 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 457-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Bryan Starr
Keyword(s):  
Political Process ◽  
The Political ◽  
Chinese Politics ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Unexpected Events ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Contemporary Chinese ◽  
Party Congress

The unexpected events in China during the spring of this year - the abrupt dismissal of Teng Hsiao-p'ing following his surprisingly rapid return to a position of power, and the accompanying demonstrations, apparently on his behalf, in the streets of Peking - necessitate at least an interim reassessment of political developments in the People's Republic over the course of the last several years. In the pages which follow I shall attempt to summarize domestic political events in China during the period August 1973 through April 1976, incorporating both those events which were made public at the time and those which have been revealed or subjected to re-interpretation subsequent to Teng's dismissal. During this summary and in the section which follows it, I shall review some of the interpretive and analytical literature. dealing with these political events, focusing this review particularly on the question of the appropriate ways to group participants in the political process in China for analytical purposes. In conclusion I shall attempt to explore the ways in which the material critical of Teng suggests that our interpretations of contemporary Chinese politics may need to be revised and our assessments of future trends may require alteration.

Sa1.4 Do third generation proximal femur nails have better outcome than second generation nails

Injury ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. S16
Author(s):  
R. Armagan ◽  
T. Isik ◽  
M. Kanar ◽  
H.B. Sezer ◽  
O.T. Eren
Keyword(s):  
Proximal Femur ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Third Generation

The Brown Mite, Bryobia arborea Morgan and Anderson (Acarina: Tetranychidae), on Apple in Nova Scotia.: I. Influence of Intratree Distribution on the Selection of Sampling Units. II. Differences in Habits and Seasonal Trends in Orchards With Bivoltine and Trivoltine Populations. III. Distribution of Diapause Eggs. IV. Hatching of Diapause Eggs

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (12) ◽  
pp. 1303-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Seasonal Trends ◽  
Sample Unit ◽  
The Third ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractIn Nova Scotia one leaf cluster with an adjoining 1 inch of twig taken from the inside of each of 10 apple trees replicated four times is an adequate sample unit to measure the density of the brown mite.The brown mite has one generation with a partial second in some orchards and one with a partial second and partial third in others. The first generation adults in the bivoltine and trivoltine populations lay summer eggs on the leaves and twigs, and diapause eggs on tin twigs. The second generation adults in the bivoltine populations lay only diapause eggs; in the trivoltine populations they lay both summer and diapause eggs. The adults of the third generation lay only diapause eggs.The brown mite is found on both the leaves and woody parts of the tree. In orchards with bivoltine populations the proportion of mites on leaves reached a peak of 80% by mid-July, but thereafter gradually decreased to 10% by the end of August. However, in orchards with trivoltine populations the proportion of mites on leaves reached a peak of 80 to 90% by mid-July, remained constant until mid-August, and thereafter decreased to approximately 40% by the end of August.The number of diapause eggs laid by adults of each generation in both the bivoltine and trivoltine populations varies widely. The eggs are deposited on the trunk as well as on the branches, with the heaviest deposition in the central area of the tree. The diapause eggs laid by adults of the first generation are the last to hatch and those laid by the third generation are the first to hatch the following spring.The factors responsible for the differences in the number of generations and in the number of diapause eggs laid are unknown.

scholarly journals Structures of designed armadillo-repeat proteins show propagation of inter-repeat interface effects

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Reichen ◽  
Chaithanya Madhurantakam ◽  
Simon Hansen ◽  
Markus G. Grütter ◽  
Andreas Plückthun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Peptide Recognition ◽  
Repeat Proteins ◽  
Peptide Binding Site ◽  
Armadillo Repeat ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Interface Effects

The armadillo repeat serves as a scaffold for the development of modular peptide-recognition modules. In order to develop such a system, three crystal structures of designed armadillo-repeat proteins with third-generation N-caps (YIII-type), four or five internal repeats (M-type) and second-generation C-caps (AII-type) were determined at 1.8 Å (His-YIIIM4AII), 2.0 Å (His-YIIIM5AII) and 1.95 Å (YIIIM5AII) resolution and compared with those of variants with third-generation C-caps. All constructs are full consensus designs in which the internal repeats have exactly the same sequence, and hence identical conformations of the internal repeats are expected. The N-cap and internal repeats M1to M3are indeed extremely similar, but the comparison reveals structural differences in internal repeats M4and M5and the C-cap. These differences are caused by long-range effects of the C-cap, contacting molecules in the crystal, and the intrinsic design of the repeat. Unfortunately, the rigid-body movement of the C-terminal part impairs the regular arrangement of internal repeats that forms the putative peptide-binding site. The second-generation C-cap improves the packing of buried residues and thereby the stability of the protein. These considerations are useful for future improvements of an armadillo-repeat-based peptide-recognition system.

Third generation of advanced high-strength steels: Processing routes and properties

2016 ◽  
Vol 233 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarun Nanda ◽  
Vishal Singh ◽  
Virender Singh ◽  
Arnab Chakraborty ◽  
Sandeep Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Processing Route ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Advanced High Strength Steels

The automobile industry is presently focusing on processing of advanced steels with superior strength–ductility combination and lesser weight as compared to conventional high-strength steels. Advanced high-strength steels are a new class of materials to meet the need of high specific strength while maintaining the high formability required for processing, and that too at reasonably low cost. First and second generation of advanced high-strength steels suffered from some limitations. First generation had high strength but low formability while second generation possessed both strength and ductility but was not cost effective. Amongst the different types of advanced high-strength steels grades, dual-phase steels, transformation-induced plasticity steels, and complex phase steels are considered as very good options for being extended into third generation advanced high-strength steels. The present review presents the various processing routes for these grades developed and discussed by different authors. A novel processing route known as quenching and partitioning route is also discussed. The review also discusses the resulting microstructures and mechanical properties achieved under various processing conditions. Finally, the key findings with regards to further research required for the processing of advanced high-strength steels of third generation have been discussed.

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