The Soviet Oil and Natural Gas Industries (Problems of Reserve Estimation). By Alexei Mahmoudov. Foreword by Leslie Dienes. Monograph Series on the Soviet Union. Falls Church, Va.: Delphic Associates, 1986. vii, 95 pp. Figures. Maps. Tables. Paper.

Slavic Review ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-343
Author(s):  
Albina Tretyakova
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Reserve Estimation ◽  
Monograph Series ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas

Prospects for energy cooperation in the Caspian Sea

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gawdat Bahgat
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Gas Reservoir ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
The Persian Gulf

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union in late 1991, the Caspian Sea region has been seen as a potential major oil and natural gas reservoir. For more than a decade, the five nations that share the Caspian—Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkmenistan—have sought to develop the basin’s hydrocarbon resources. This paper provides an assessment of these resources and examines two major hurdles: lack of consensus on the legal status of the Caspian and disagreement of the most cost effective pipeline routes. It argues that oil and natural gas from the Caspian is certain to contribute to global energy security. However, the Caspian Sea should not be seen as a replacement to the Persian Gulf.

scholarly journals INDIA-RUSSIA ENERGY COOPERATION BLOOMING TIES BEYOND THE HORIZON

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 705-709
Author(s):  
Bhagyadhar Sethy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Ties ◽  
Rates Of Growth

Russia and India have a long history of cooperation in the energy sector. The prospects for the development of the energy dialogue are as promising now as they were during the period of friendship between the Soviet Union and India. Since the late 2000s, the Russia–India energy partnership has been enjoying a renaissance. So why is now the time for Russia to think seriously about giving a new impetus to the energy dialogue with India? India is the worlds third largest energy consumer and a major energy importer with steadily growing demand. Russia is a key global producer and exporter of petroleum and natural gas. The two countries needs naturally complement each other. The current energy bilateral cooperation, already strong, can significantly extend to new sources such as Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG). Building on these can be an industry in natural gas vehicles and renewable energy, enabling economic instruments, such as energy benchmarks, and a policy framework, including labour mobility, to develop a skills corridor in energy. This paper examines the current state of Energy and economic relations between India and Russia. It flags the major issues that hinder development of economic ties between the two countries and discusses future prospects for growth. India and Russia have a long-standing relationship and securing an economic and energy partnership is important from both the diplomatic and geopolitical perspectives. Russia has a vital role in ensuring Indias energy security in the coming decade. India imports oil, mostly from the volatile region of the Middle East. However, to sustain current high rates of growth, India needs to secure and diversify its energy sources. How Russia is an obvious choice in this respect?

Gas Market Developments in Western Europe

1988 ◽  
Vol 6 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 342-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R. Odell
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Domestic Demand ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Coal Gas ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Gas Markets ◽  
Gas Market

Prospects for the European gas markets are excellent because North Sea reserves are extensive, the distance to markets small and the latent domestic demand to replace uneconomic coal gas. Nevertheless, expansion in the gas trade has been modest because the industry has not been sufficiently assertive to dispel misconceptions about the adequecy of supply and to deal with pressures from competing energy interests. Increasing rivalry between suppliers can only lead to greater sales effort and the creation of demand, particularly for non-traditional end-users. Expansion of European gas markets could be drastically increased through greater efforts by the Soviet Union to export. This could only happen with price competitiveness that would significantly expand gas markets. There is every reason to expect that the natural gas share of the European energy market would continue to grow until it was the single most important component of western Europe's supply of energy.

scholarly journals Major Utilization of Natural Gas in Turkey

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Mahmut Kilic
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
World Energy ◽  
Western Market ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Consumption

The aim of this paper is the major utilization of natural gas in Turkey. Turkey is rapidly growing in terms of both its economy and population due to its demand for energy. In the new world energy order, gas usage with no doubt will continue to grow well into the 21st century. Natural gas has been available for Turkish consumption for 17 years. Its use expanded sharply after the signing of the first sales and purchase agreement with the former Soviet Union in 1986. Turkish natural gas usage is projected to increase remarkably in coming years, with the prime consumers, expected to be industry and power plants. Energy demand of Turkey is growing by 8% annually, one of the highest rates in the world. In addition, natural gas consumption is the fastest growing primary energy source in Turkey. Gas sales started at 0.5 bcm (billion cubic meters), in 1987 and reached approximately 22 bcm in 2003. Turkey is an important candidate to be the “energy corridor” in the transmission of the abundant oil and natural gas resources of the Middle East and Middle Asia countries to the Western market.

scholarly journals Problems Encountered during the Transition to Market Economy in Azerbaijan and Solution Attempts

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cihan Bulut ◽  
Elchin Suleymanov ◽  
Fakhri Hasanov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
The World ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
The Republic

After re-gaining its independence on 18 October 1991, the Republic of Azerbaijan started to transform to the market-based economy and to integrate into the world economy. The country’s oil and natural gas reserves have been considered the main source for financing range of government programs for reforms. On the one hand, these reserves had to be used effectively; on the other hand, there was a huge demand for foreign investment for extraction. To this end, Azerbaijan has signed “Contract of the Century” in 1994. Although Azerbaijan has wide oil and natural gas reserves, it has faced a number of difficulties in its transition way. This study analyzes these problems and reforms for solving them. One of the types of the problems were related to the economic structure of the former Soviet Union: disruption of the economic ties between the republics resulted in decline of production, high levels of unemployment and prices and consequently led to an economic recession in all of the republics. Another set of problems was related to lack of sufficient institutional bases to transform to the market economy. Moreover, internal conflicts between the political parties and groups for having authority as well as political chaos in the republic can be considered other serious problems during the transition period. Furthermore, Karabakh war and occupation of 20 percent of the Azerbaijani territory by the Armenian military forces had made the situation extremely complicated. Despite all of these extremes, Azerbaijan transformed to the market-based economy decidedly and even became one of the fast growing countries of the world. Even in 2006, with the GDP growth rate of 34.5 percent, Azerbaijan was a leader among growing economies. In parallel with this significant economic development, there is still a need for some socio-economic and institutional reforms in order to get a well-functioned market-based economy in Azerbaijan.

scholarly journals Sergey Rumyancev, Ускользающая современность: постсоветская модернизация Азербайджана / Vanishing Modernity: The Post-Soviet Modernization of Azerbaijan

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 136-147
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
The Political ◽  
Modern State ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas

The article focuses on the debates situation of post-soviet modernization and transformation of Azerbaijan. The Azerbaijani economy failed to become a market economy, and remains instead predominantly based on the extraction and sale of oil and natural gas. Cities are being ruralised instead of the urbanization of rural areas. In its turn, industrialization ended together with the Soviet Union. A more or less tangible individualization and fragmentation of social life are not part of the history of post-Soviet Azerbaijan either. The political and economic systems of Azerbaijan are an imitation of a modern state. It is an example of a simulacrum state and a total imitation of modern political institutions and relations. In other words: The political regime in Azerbaijan is a complex of imitative practices, relations and “institutional camouflages” that enable a broad international presentation of Azerbaijan, effectively privatized by a small group of people, as a modern state that exists in reality.

Attack on protectionism in the Soviet Union? A comment

1986 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 489-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry F. Hough
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Third World ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soviet Bloc ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Oil Crises ◽  
Export Product

Unlike the other countries in what we tend to call “the Soviet bloc,” the Soviet Union benefited financially from the oil crises of the 1970s, for it was a major petroleum and natural gas exporter. The oil crises also benefited the Soviet Union indirectly as a number of radical Third World oil producers acquired money to buy more Soviet arms. Moreover, the windfall increase in petroleum prices was supplemented by a similar windfall increase in the price of the other major Soviet export product, gold. The subsidies that the Soviet Union provided to Eastern Europe did not entail any sacrifice of resources that had been previously committed but required only that it forgo even greater gains. The politics underlying the Soviet decisions were the politics underlying the rapid expansion of export earnings.

Natural Gas, An Essential Source of Energy in The Romanian Economy

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 359-368
Author(s):  
Gabriel Coconea
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Natural Gas Production ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The World ◽  
Production And Distribution

Romanian natural gas production and use, starting in 1912 reached 35 BCM/year in the mid eighties and by 1990 was supplemented by imports of 40 BCM/year from the Soviet Union. ROMGAZ is responsible for most aspects of the Romanian gas industry (exploration, production and distribution). Restructuring and modernization of the industry, with help from the World Bank and USAID, is taking place and growing foreign participation is planned.

scholarly journals Three Seas Initiative capabilities in terms of diversification of natural gas supply versus Russian Federation foreign policy – a geopolitical approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 197 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-512
Author(s):  
Aleksy Borówka
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
European Countries ◽  
East Europe ◽  
East European ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Gas Supply

The aim of the article is to determine potential strategic directions of development of the Three Seas initiative so as to ensure that it becomes an effective geopolitical system capable of the diversification of current natural gas sourcing towards non-Russian sources. The Russian Federation bases its geostrategic approach to foreign policy on controlling geopolitical pivots, and endeavors to regain lost influence spheres due to the collapse of the Soviet Union. As a monopolist in terms of natural gas supply to Central-East European countries, the Russian Federation has strengthened its position by having reach a set of geostrategic goals within the years of 2008-2018. The threat of using natural gas supply shortage as an instrument of foreign policy is one of the biggest challenge for Central-East European countries. The Three Seas Initiative is a popular international policy concept in Central-East Europe. However, its capabilities in terms of diversification of natural gas supply are limited because of the control of geopolitical pivots by the Russian Federation. The article indicates a set of challenges for diverting current natural gas supply, and proposes a set of strategic directions for developing the Three Seas Initiative.

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