Evidence for Pre-Columbian Goiter in Guatemala

1957 ◽  
Vol 23 (2Part1) ◽  
pp. 174-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan F. Borhegyi ◽  
Nevin S. Scrimshaw

Detailed medical surveys recently concluded have shown Guatemala, and particularly the Guatemalan highlands, to have one of the highest incidence rates for endemic goiter in the world (Muñoz, Pérez, and Scrimshaw 1955a: 36–43; 1955b: 963–9). At the present time only the tropical and sparsely populated northern Department of Peten is without goiter as a serious public health problem. The incidence in the other departments varies from 21% to 68%.

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (19) ◽  
pp. 4085-4113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parveen Azam Ali ◽  
Alicia O’Cathain ◽  
Elizabeth Croot

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major social and public health problem affecting people from different cultures and societies. Much research has been undertaken to understand the phenomenon, its determinants, and its consequences in numerous countries. However, there is a paucity of research on IPV in many areas of the world including Pakistan. The present study aimed to develop a theory of the meaning and process of IPV from the perspective of Pakistani men and women living in and outside Pakistan.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Abolghasem Siyadatpanah ◽  
Enrico Brunetti ◽  
Amir Emami Zeydi ◽  
Yousef Dadi Moghadam ◽  
Nelson Iván Agudelo Higuita

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a neglected helminthic disease and major public health problem in several regions of the world. The zoonosis is caused by the larval stage of different cestode species belonging to the genus Echinococcus. CE can affect any organ with the liver and lungs being most commonly involved. The brain is involved in less than 2% of the cases. We report a case of a CE1 echinococcal cyst of the brain in an Iranian patient.


Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1682
Author(s):  
Peter Bergman ◽  
Susanna Brighenti

Today, chronic disease is a major public health problem around the world that is rapidly increasing with a growing and aging population [...]


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pragya D Yadav ◽  
Gajanan Sapkal ◽  
Raches Ella ◽  
Rima R Sahay ◽  
Dimpal A Nyayanit ◽  
...  

Recently, multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants have been detected across the globe.The recent emergence of B.1.617 lineage has created serious public health problem in India. The high transmissibility was observed with this lineage which has led to daily increase in the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Apparently, the sub-lineage B.1.617.2 has slowly dominated the other variants including B1617.1, B.617.3 and B.1.1.7. With this, World Health Organization has described B.1.617.2 as variant of concern. Besides this, variant of concern B.1.351 has been also reported from India, known to showreducedefficacyfor many approved vaccines. With the increasing threat of the SARS-CoV-2 variants, it is imperative to assess the efficacy of the currently available vaccines against these variants. Here, we have evaluated the neutralization potential of sera collected from COVID-19 recovered cases (n=20) and vaccinees with two doses of BBV152 (n=17) against B.1.351 and B.1.617.2 compared to the prototype B.1 (D614G) variant.The finding of the study demonstrated a reduction in neutralization titers with sera of COVID-19 recovered cases(3.3-fold and 4.6-fold) and BBV152 vaccinees (3. 0 and 2.7 fold) against B.1.351 and B.1.617.2 respectively. Although, there is reduction in neutralization titer, the whole-virion inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (BBV152) demonstrates protective response against VOC B.1351 and B.1.617.2.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sashimali Wickramasinghe ◽  
Nalika Gunawardena ◽  
Dhanusha Punyadasa ◽  
Shanthi Gunawardena ◽  
Champika Wickramasinghe ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Unintentional injuries among adolescents is a major public health problem the world over. A great majority of the annual deaths among adolescents is due to unintentional injuries; it is also the leading cause of death among adolescents in the world. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of injuries and their associated factors among school going adolescents aged 13-17 years using data from the most recent Global School-Based Health Survey (GSHS) conducted in Sri Lanka. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire, among 3,262 adolescents attending government schools. The sample was selected through a two-staged cluster sampling technique. In the first stage, 40 schools were selected using probabilities proportional to school enrollment size, from all schools in the country that have classes in grades 8-12 . Then, from the selected schools, classes were selected using systematic equal probability sampling with a random start. The weighted prevalence was calculated, and logistic regression analysis was conducted in order to determine the correlates. Results During the 12 months before the survey, 35.8% (95% CI-30.7 - 41.1) of the students reported being seriously injured one or more times. The injuries were more common among males, but were equally common among the two different age groups (13-15 age group vs 16-17 age group). The most common type of injury was cut or stab wounds (5.5%), followed by broken bones/dislocated joints (5.3%). Multivariable analysis revealed that only a few factors were associated with injury, such as being of the male sex, being bullied, being physically attacked, and/or being in a physical fight. Conclusion This study demonstrated that the prevalence of serious unintentional injuries among school going adolescents is a major public health problem in Sri Lanka. This timely and comprehensive survey would help policy makers and researchers identify the unmet needs related to adolescent injuries. Furthermore, evidence generated form the study should be given due consideration when designing school-based interventions to prevent adolescent injuries.


Author(s):  
Ummu Balqis

Eurytrematosis is a common zoonotic disease has emerged as a major species causing veterinary diseaseand public health problem. This review examines recent advances in Eurytrema species, the life cycle, intermediatehosts required for completing the life cycle, and geographical distribution of Eurytrema species in the world, as wellas several factors considered suitable to occur.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
Sunarsih Rahayu ◽  
Ros Endah Happy Patriyani

Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis is an important public health problem in the world. In 1992, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared pulmonary tuberculosis as a "global emergency". Indonesia is committed to ending pulmonary tuberculosis as a "public health problem" in 2030. Peer education is the proper media and method to provide counseling on prevention of pulmonary tuberculosis transmission. This study was conducted to determine the effect of peer education on behavior change in preventing pulmonary tuberculosis transmission in families of ​ Sibela and Sangkrah Health Center’s work area in Surakarta. Methods:  This research is a quasi-experimental study with pre post-test control group design. Data analysis using dependent t-test and independent t-test. Results: The results of the dependent t test in the intervention group showed p-value = 0,000 on knowledge, attitudes, and behavior, while the control group showed results p-value = 0.003 on knowledge, p-value = 0.057 on attitudes, and p-value = 0.004 on behavior. Independent t test shows the results of p-value = 0,000 in knowledge, p-value = 0.002 in attitudes, and p-value = 0.778 in behavior. Conclusion: Based upon these results it can be concluded that there is an influence of peer education on changes in knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors in pulmonary tuberculosis transmission prevention, as well as differences in knowledge and attitudes, but there is no difference in behavior between respondents with and without peer education.


Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Yekaterina Zaytseva

Colorectal cancer (CRC), the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths according to the World Health Organization, remains a substantial public health problem worldwide [...]


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Gusti Meliyanie ◽  
Dicky Andiarsa

Filariasis has been a public health problem in Indonesia for a long time and WHO has established this disease as a neglected disease which is a public health problem in the world, therefore a global filariasis elimination program that must be achieved in 2020. This article compiles some literature for writing references related to the development of global filariasis elimination and the progress of filariasis elimination in Indonesia particularly.  Filariasis elimination program in Indonesia has been running at least 26 districts that have stopped implementing mass drug administration (MDA) from 239 endemic filariasisdistricts. The remaining districts are expected to have implemented MDAstart from 2015 so that the year 2020 is completed and verified also given predicates of filariasis elimination according to global target of filariasis elimination. Management-based and community-based research is important to determine the best model of elimination. There are still many challenges in increasing coverage, so that continuing education efforts on filariasis and the importance of treatment will motivate communities to play an active role in achieving maximum coverage targets, and national filariasis elimination targets can be achieved by 2020.


Author(s):  
Zildo Alves da Silva ◽  
Thais Macedo Pio ◽  
Luiz Faustino dos Santos Maia

Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever as intervenções realizadas pelo enfermeiro no atendimento pré-hospitalar móvel a vítima de trauma crânioencefálico. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de revisão da literatura, por meio do qual se realizou um levantamento da produção cientifica na base de dados SCIELO e LILACS, referente ao período 2009 à 2016. O trauma cranioencefálico é uma causa importante de morte e sequelas temporárias e ou permanentes, e suas taxas vem se elevando dia a dia, acarretando em um sério problema à saúde pública do Brasil e no mundo. As intervenções do enfermeiro no assistencialismo deve seguir um atendimento sistematizado e baseado em protocolos que pode elevar as taxas de sobrevida, evitar ou minimizar sequelas, é responsável junto a equipe multiprofissional pela elaboração e atualização de protocolos, além destas atribuições uma importante função é a educação permanente dos demais profissionais que atuam no atendimento móvel de urgência.Descritores: Traumatismos Encefálicos, Enfermagem, Atendimento Pré-hospitalar. Cranioencephalic trauma: Interventions of the nurse in pre-hospital careAbstract: The objective of this work is to describe the interventions performed by the nurse in the mobile pre-hospital care to the victim of cranioencephalic trauma. This is a descriptive study of literature review, through which a survey of scientific production was conducted in the SCIELO and LILACS database, referring to the period 2009 to 2016. Cranioencephalic trauma is an important cause of death and temporary and permanent sequelae, and its rates have been increasing day by day, leading to a serious public health problem in Brazil and in the world. Nurses interventions in assistentialism should follow a systematic and protocol-based care that can increase survival rates, avoid or minimize sequelae, is responsible with the multidisciplinary team for the elaboration and updating of protocols, besides these attributions an important function is the permanent education of other professionals who work in mobile emergency care.Descriptors: Encephalic Injuries, Nursing, Pre-hospital Care. Trauma craneoencéfalo: Intervenciones de la enfermera en la atención prehospitalariaResumen: El objetivo de este trabajo es describir las intervenciones realizadas por la enfermera en la atención móvil prehospitalaria a la víctima de trauma craneoencefálico. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo de la revisión de la literatura, a través del cual se realizó un estudio de la producción científica en la base de datos SCIELO y LILACS, refiriéndose al período 2009-2016. El trauma craneoencéfalo es una causa importante de muerte y sequelas temporales y permanentes, y sus tasas han ido aumentando día a día, lo que ha llevado a un grave problema de salud pública en Brasil y en el mundo. Las intervenciones de enfermeras en el asistencialismo deben seguir una atención sistemática y basada en protocolos que pueda aumentar las tasas de supervivencia, evitar o minimizar las secuencias, es responsable con el equipo multidisciplinario para la elaboración y actualización protocolos, además de estas atribuciones una función importante es la educación permanente de otros profesionales que trabajan en la atención móvil de emergencia.Descriptores: Lesiones Encéfalas, Enfermería, Atención Prehospitalaria.


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