The Hangman's Noose and the Empty Box: Kyd's Use of Dramatic and Mythological Sources in The Spanish Tragedy (III.iv-vii)

1977 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-340
Author(s):  
Frank Ardolino
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Source Study ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Do So

Source study has generally been discredited as a useful critical tool because of the past simplistic conception of the relationship between the source and its adapted context. Generally, source hunters emphasized parallel passages as the major proof of similarities between texts, merely listing the parallels without investigating more important critical implications. If we are to continue to consider source study a valuable scholarly tool—and there are good reasons to do so—we need to establish its interpretational relevance through a method which compares the conventional ideas and symbols of the source with the motifs and themes of the adapted context. Thus, the contextual method of ascription, as it shall be termed for purposes of discussion, will require an understanding of the interaction between the source's original context, including subsequent intellectual history, and the themes of the new context.

scholarly journals Héroes nacionales como vehículos emocionales de conceptos / National Heroes as Emotional Vehicles of Political Concepts

2017 ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Isabel González Manso
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Historical Figures ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
The Relationship

This article deals with the relationship between concepts, heroes and emotions. To that purpose it propounds an explicative mechanism through the comparative analysis of the use of heroes in Spanish politics in the late eighteenth century and the first half of the nineteenth century. The spread of some political concepts was facilitated by their association with heroes of the past, which not only provide legitimacy but also a strong emotional burden in terms of the values they represented. The proposed methodology is applied to the examination of political uses of two historical figures: Padilla and Pelayo.Key WordsEmotions, national heroes, intellectual history, nineteenth centuryResumenEl presente artículo examina la relación entre conceptos, héroes y emociones. Para ello propone un mecanismo que se sirve del análisis comparado del uso de héroes en la política española de finales del siglo XVIII y de la primera mitad del XIX. La difusión de ciertos conceptos políticos se vio facilitada por su asociación con héroes del pasado que no solo aportaban legitimidad y prestigio sino también una fuerte carga emocional dado los valores que estos héroes representaban. Las consideraciones metodológicas se aplican al análisis de los usos políticos de dos personajes históricos: Padilla y Pelayo.Palabras claveEmociones, héroes nacionales, historia intelectual, siglo XIX

scholarly journals Policy preferences in a post-war environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 205316801877993
Author(s):  
Dino Hadzic
Keyword(s):  
Policy Preferences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Personal Safety ◽  
The Past ◽  
Large N ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Do So

Can reminders of violence committed in the past influence citizens’ policy preferences in the present? Prior work has found that under the threat of violence individuals prioritize safety and adopt policy views aimed at reducing the threat. Elites can then strategically employ concerns over personal safety and security to shape the public’s preferences. I contribute to this literature by conducting an exploratory study of whether invocations of violence committed in the past shape preferences in the long-term, years after the actual violence has ended. To do so, I fielded an experiment on a large ( N = 1125) and nationally representative sample of respondents in Bosnia, the site of a major ethnic civil war in 1992–1995. I did not find evidence that reminders of wartime violence in and of themselves affect policy preferences. Ultimately, this study represents a first cut at a neglected question in the literature and has implications that could motivate future research on the relationship between violent conflict and policy preferences.

scholarly journals Experience – Information – Image: A Historiography of Unfolding. Arab Cinema as Example

1970 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura U. Marks
Keyword(s):  
Information Age ◽  
Public Image ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
The Past ◽  
Contemporary Politics ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Information Image ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Triadic Relationship ◽  
Do So

Why do certain images of history reach us, while others remain seemingly forgotten, in the infinite breadth of the past? Why do only certain events seem to matter? I suggest those experiences are not forgotten but enfolded. The contemporary politics of historiography can be conceptualized according to the relationship between Experience, Information, and Image; a triadic relationship I have proposed to understand the nature of the image in the information age. While Experience is infinite, the vast majority of experience lies latent. Few Images ever arise from it. In our age, those that do tend to be selected, or unfolded, by political and economic interests that deem them to be useful as Information. Nevertheless, anyone can unfold any aspect of Experience to become a public image, and artists (and others) do so in order to allow other aspects of Experience to circulate, before they enfold, back into the matrix of history. I will show an animated diagram that illustrates this concept of history as a flow of unfolding and enfolding, influenced by concepts from Charles Sanders Peirce and Gilles Deleuze. Many artworks can be illuminated by this process. My examples will be drawn from contemporary Arab cinema. In the heavily politicized Arab milieu, the Image world is constructed as a selective unfolding of only those aspects of Experience that are deemed to be useful or profitable. Some Arab filmmakers, rather than deconstruct the resulting ideological images, prefer to carry out their own unfoldings:  explicating hitherto latent events, knowledges, and sensations. Thus what official history deems merely personal, absurd, micro-events, or no events at all, becomes the stuff of a rich alternative historiography. This process characterizes the work of, among others, Joana Hadjithomas and Khalil Joreige, Nisrine Khodr, Mohammed Soueid, and Akram Zaatari (Lebanon), Azza El-Hassan, Elia Suleiman, and Sobhi Al-Zobaidi (Palestine), and Mohamad Khan (Egypt).

Family Property Division and the Principle of Judicial Restraint

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Family Law ◽  
The State ◽  
High Court ◽  
Family Courts ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Do So

The Family Law Act 1975 (Cth) provides that judges must not alter property rights on the breakdown of the relationship unless satisfied that it is just and equitable to do so. This is the principle of judicial restraint. In the past, and prior to the 2012 decision of the High Court in Stanford v Stanford, this principle was given almost no effect. The High Court sought to correct this approach, insisting that the family courts should not begin from an assumption that a couple’s property rights are or should be different from the state of the legal and equitable title. It also reaffirmed that there is no community of property in Australia. This article considers the significance of the principle of judicial restraint: first, in cases where the property is already jointly owned and, secondly, in cases where the couple have chosen to keep their finances separate.

The (mis)conception of an average Quaternary equilibrium line altitude

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Spagnolo ◽  
Brice Rea ◽  
Iestyn Barr
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Line ◽  
Glacial Cycle ◽  
Equilibrium Line Altitude ◽  
Glacier Surface ◽  
Quantitative Expression ◽  
Mountain Glaciers ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Simple Definition ◽  
Do So

<p>The glacier equilibrium line altitude (ELA) represents the elevation on the glacier surface at which the amount of mass gained (via precipitation, avalanching and windblown snow, equals the amount of ice lost (via ablation and sublimation, over the mass balance year. The ELA can be measured on modern glaciers or calculated for reconstructed, former glaciers. Despite its simple definition, the ELA represents an incredibly powerful, quantitative expression of the relationship between glaciers and climate. As a glacier responds dynamically to climate, so does the ELA. Precipitation at the glacier ELA has been empirically linked to ablation season temperature. Thus, the reconstruction of former glacier geometries and their ELAs leads to the quantification of palaeoclimate.</p><p>In recent years, the concept of an “average Quaternary ELA” (or “mean Quaternary ELA”) has become popular because of the role it might play in relation to the glacial buzzsaw hypothesis, i.e. the idea that glacial erosion could offset mountain uplift and therefore control and limit the growth of mountains. Attempts to determine the average Quaternary ELA have been undertaken, leading to some interesting conclusions. For example, it has been argued that the floor altitudes of glacial cirques can be used as a measure of average Quaternary ELA, therefore implying that average Quaternary mountain glaciers expansion was confined to the topmost portion of alpine valleys.</p><p>Time has passed from these initial attempts to determine the average Quaternary ELA and more palaeoclimatic and palaeoglaciological data have become available, so it is appropriate to reconsider these calculations and perhaps question the validity of such a concept. To do so, we revisit how the idea of an average Quaternary ELA developed and what such a parameter would really mean. We do so in light of a new quantitative study on the average ELA relative to both a single glacial cycle and multiple glaciations experienced during the past   ̴2.6 million years, i.e. the Quaternary. Collectively, this new study presents a very different perspective than previously suggested.</p>

scholarly journals Familiarity and Use of Veterinary Services by US Resident Dog and Cat Owners

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
Courtney Bir ◽  
Mario Ortez ◽  
Nicole J. Olynk Widmar ◽  
Christopher A. Wolf ◽  
Charlotte Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Pet Ownership ◽  
Veterinary Services ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pet Owners ◽  
Dog Owners ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Clinic Practice ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Do So

Pet ownership, veterinary use, and beliefs regarding veterinary care were elicited through the use of a nationally representative survey of 997 U.S. residents. Fifty-one percent of respondents have or had a dog in the past five years and 37% have or had a cat in the past five years. Over ninety percent of cat and dog owners had visited a veterinarian at any time, but only about 40% visited a veterinarian annually. With the rise of options in veterinary medicine, including low-cost options for vaccines and spay/neuter, further study and analysis of pet-owners use of veterinary care is warranted. Fifty-four percent of dog owners and 40% of cat owners who went to a low-cost spay/neuter clinic also went to a veterinarian/clinic/practice. This finding suggests that pet-owners who use low-cost options do so in a manner that supplements rather than replaces traditional veterinary care. Logit models were employed to evaluate the relationship between dog and cat owner demographics and visiting a veterinarian. The probability of visiting a veterinarian increased with age and income for dog owners.

The Rise of the ‘Right-Hand House’ in the History and Historiography of the Xhosa

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 113-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.B. Peires
Keyword(s):  
Historical Events ◽  
Historical Explanation ◽  
Historical Interpretation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Great House ◽  
Privileged Status ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Do So

Among the Xhosa the institution of the ‘Right-Hand House’ acts both as a political charter and as an historical explanation. As a political charter it defines the relationship between the Ngqika Paramount (the Right-Hand House) of the Ciskei ‘Bantu Homeland’ and the Gcaleka Paramount (the Great House) of the Transkei Homeland. As it presently stands, the essence of this relationship is that the Ngqika Paramount recognizes the Gcaleka Paramount as his superior in rank, but without accepting any implications of practical political subordination. This position was defined by J.H. Soga, the standard authority on Xhosa history and customs, and himself an umNgqika, as follows: By courtesy, matters affecting Xosa customs might occasionally be referred to a chief of the older [i.e., Gcaleka] branch especially when a precedent was involved, but this did not prevent the Right-Hand House from following its own line of conduct, irrespective of what that precedent might be, should it choose to do so. Laws promulgated by the court of the Gaikas [Ngqika] were not subject to interference by the Gcaleka chief.In terms of historical explanation, secondary authorities from 1846 to 1975 have singled out the privileged status of the Right-Hand House as the principal cause of Xhosa political fragmentation.Whereas historians of Africa normally agree that institutions and their myths of origin are, at least in part, susceptible to historical interpretation and reconstruction, they may justifiably be more doubtful of an historical approach which seeks to explain historical events by imputing to the past the continuous retrogressive operation of institutions which can be seen to be operating in certain ways in the present. In this regard the present exercise has two aims.

Untimely Epic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
Complex Form ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Apollonius Rhodius ◽  
The Past ◽  
Time Treatment ◽  
The People ◽  
Intellectual Potential ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ethical Significance

Apollonius Rhodius’ Argonautica is a voyage across time as well as space. The Argonauts encounter monsters, nymphs, shepherds, and kings who represent earlier stages of the cosmos or human society; they are given glimpses into the future, and themselves effect changes in the world through which they travel. Readers undergo a still more complex form of temporal transport, enabled not just to imagine themselves into the deep past, but to examine the layers of poetic and intellectual history from which Apollonius crafts his poem. Taking its lead from ancient critical preoccupations with poetry’s ethical significance, this book argues that the Argonautica produces an understanding of time and temporal experience which ramifies variously in readers’ lives. When describing the people and creatures who occupied the past, Apollonius extends readers’ capacity for empathetic response to the worlds inhabited by others. In the ecphrasis of Jason’s cloak and the account of Jason’s conversations with Medea, readers are invited to scrutinize the relationship between exempla and temporal change, while climactic episodes such as Jason’s battle with the Earthborn and the taking of the Golden Fleece explore links between perceptions and their temporal situation. Running through the poem, and through the readings that comprise this book, is an attention to the intellectual potential of the ‘untimely’, objects, experience, and language which do not belong straightforwardly to a particular time. Treatment of such phenomena is crucial to the poem’s aspiration to inform and expand readers’ understanding of themselves as subjects in and of history.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE BUDDHA AND THE PRIESTS OF OTHER RELIGIONS IN THE TIPITAKA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
Chamnong Kanthik ◽  
Sudaporn Khiewngamdee
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Royal Patronage ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Buddha ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Do So

Purpose: This research aims to study the concepts and types of priests of other religions which appear in the Tipiaka, to study the Buddha’s relationship with other religious priests and to use it as a practice for Buddhists to live in harmony with other religions.Methodology: The researcher used as a research method a documentary and commentary of the Pali Tipiaka Siamese official version, Mahamakut Rajavidyalaya and the Tipiaka and the Commentaries which are translations of the Mahamakut Rajavidyalaya Foundation under Royal Patronage. The study mainly focused on the appearance of the Vinaya Tipiaka and the Suttanta Piaka.Main Results: The result of this study found that other religions and priests, which appear in the Tipitaka as the 6 teachers’ religions; Including Purnakassapa, Makhaligosala, Ajitakesakambala, Pakudhakaccayana, Niganthanaputra and Sajayve-lahaputra. Each religion has a different viewpoint. Other religious priests include Paribajaka, Tpasa, Jatila, Ayatithika and Hermits. The relationship in terms of being an adversary include Brahmins, Huhukajti, Dghanakhaparibjaka andSaccaka-Nigantha and so on. Then, there is also a friendly relationship, such as Shasenapati, a disciple of Nigantha, Kaanta-brahmana, Mahasakuludayiparibajaka, Paribbajaka named Kandaraka and Dghatapass- Nigantha.Implications: When analyzing why other religious priests changed Buddhism. Due to the use of the miraculous miracle, and from the curiosity or intolerance in the study of that person. In the past, the contact of the Buddha with other religion’s priests was friendly. If there was something to criticize, when he clarified, it was considered terminated. If there is some good, it was accepted and applied in Buddhism. If the act of the Buddha was to deal with other religion’s priests as apractice for the disciples of today, it is possible to do so.

John the Theologian and his Paschal Gospel

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Behr
Keyword(s):  
Gospel Of John ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Intimate Connection ◽  
The Past ◽  
Theological Discourse ◽  
Michel Henry ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Do So ◽  
And Task

This is an inter-disciplinary work, bringing together historical scholarship (regarding the earliest readers of the Gospel of John), contemporary scriptural scholarship on John, and philosophy, specifically Michel Henry, a French Phenomenologist and another reader of John, to explore how the Incarnation relates to the Passion of Christ, and how we understand and speak of revelation, that is, the relationship between scriptural exegesis and theological discourse. In particular, the work shows how ‘incarnation’ is not an event now in the past, but rather the continuing embodiment of God in those who follow Christ in the present. Those who do so, moreover, are born into life as human beings, giving their assent to the project of God initiated in the opening verses of Scripture, ‘Let us make a human being in our image’. The intimate connection between theology and anthropology, centered in Christology, as this work demonstrates, illumines the nature and task of theology itself, bringing together the various disciplines drawn upon in this study.

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