The Anglo-Indian Community The Integration of a Marginal Group

1959 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen D. Grimshaw
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Indian Community ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
Original Size ◽  
Anglo Indian ◽  
European Women

The Anglo-Indian community of India is one of several hybrid Eurasian populations which have found themselves in precarious social positions in some of the newly independent Asian nations. Eurasian populations originated in early periods of colonial domination when European women were scarce, and grew over the years through natural increase and occasional mixed contacts. Their original size relative to the indigenous populations and policies of both governing European and native populations have determined whether they: (1) have been submerged in the numerically dominant local population (e.g., White Russians in China); (2) have attempted to return to the European countries of their male progenitors (e.g., Indos of Indonesia); or (3) have been forced to attempt the maintenance of social and cultural solidarity as permanent minorities (e.g., Ceylonese “Burghers” and the Anglo-Indians). Events of the contemporary nationalist revolution in Asia have increased public awareness of the problems of these minority groups.

Public health messages about COVID-19 prevention in multilingual Taiwan

Multilingua ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 597-606
Author(s):  
Chun-Mei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Health Messages ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Substantive Content ◽  
Public Health Messages ◽  
Public Health Information

AbstractIn this paper, I explore multilingual preventative public health messages against the spread of COVID-19 in Taiwan between January and April 2020. Based on empirical data, the symbolic and substantive content of multilingual top-down and bottom-up public health strategies was analyzed and discussed. Findings suggest that the voices of indigenous people have largely been excluded from top-down efforts and strategies in public health communications. Top-down communication did not address the actual concerns of indigenous populations who relied on tourism to bolster their economy. Bottom-up efforts emerged from social exclusion and the inaccessibility of public health information to indigenous populations; such efforts were over-communicated, and the problems of indigenous populations remained unaddressed. I conclude by relating multilingualism and the needs of minority groups, and suggest an inclusive approach to social challenges and solutions for future pandemic preparedness.

scholarly journals Visual impairment and blindness in the Xingu Indigenous Park – Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Gustavo Fernandes ◽  
Monica Alves ◽  
Roberta Andrade e Nascimento ◽  
Natalia Yumi Valdrighi ◽  
Rafael Cunha de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Large Population Sample

Abstract Background Most estimates of visual impairment and blindness worldwide do not include data from specific minority groups as indigenous populations. We aimed to evaluate frequencies and causes of visual impairment and blindness in a large population sample from the Xingu Indigenous Park. Methods Cross-sectional study performed at Xingu Indigenous Park, Brazil, from 2016 to 2017. Residents from 16 selected villages were invited to participate and underwent a detailed ocular examination, including uncorrected (UVA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). The main cause of UVA < 20/32 per eye was determined. Results A total of 2,099 individuals were evaluated. Overall, the frequency of visual impairment and blindness was 10.00% (95% CI: 8.72–11.29%) when considering UVA, decreasing to 7.15% (95% CI: 6.04–8.25%) when considering BCVA. For each increasing year on age, the risk  of being in the visually impaired or blind category increased by 9% (p < 0.001). Cataracts (39.1%) and uncorrected refractive errors (29.1%) were the most frequent causes of visual impairment and blindness in this population. The main causes among those aged 45 years and more were cataracts (54.5%) while refractive errors were the main cause in adults aged 18 to 45 years (50.0%) and children up to 18 years old (37.1%). Conclusions A higher frequency of visual impairment and blindness was observed in the indigenous population when compared to worldwide estimates with most of the causes being preventable and/or treatable. Blindness prevention programs should focus on accessibility to eye exam, cataract surgeries and eyeglass distribution.

Imperial Millennialism and the Battle for American Indian Souls

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Rivett
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Language Instruction ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Shared Knowledge ◽  
Glorious Revolution ◽  
Military Alliances ◽  
English Language Instruction ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
The Glorious Revolution

Indigenous words offered a rich resource for rescripting national and colonial narratives in a time of intensified imperial conflict. Millennial zeal pitted Jesuit and Protestant forces against each other with renewed fervor during a purportedly secular period of diplomacy from the Glorious Revolution (1688) to the Treaty of Utrecht (1713), even as developments in natural history undermined previously accepted truths of Mosaic history. The British sought national uniformity by imposing English-language instruction on Indian proselytes, while the French continued to augment their own linguistic skills through a rigorous culture of dictionary writing and hymnody that helped to secure military alliances. This chapter argues that missionary linguistics played an integral role in consolidating British and French nationalism among indigenous populations, even as the shared knowledge forged in specific missionary locations helped native populations undermine imperial scripts.

Early detection of psychosis – Establishing a service for persons at risk

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frauke Schultze-Lutter ◽  
Stephan Ruhrmann ◽  
Joachim Klosterkötter
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Private Practitioners ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Counselling Services ◽  
German Citizenship

AbstractPurposeThe establishment phase of an early detection centre for prodromal psychosis is introduced and characterised, along with its detaining and promoting factors within a universal multi-payer health care system.MethodAcross the first six years (1998–2003), users' characteristics are compared between different diagnostic groups and to the local population statistics; and, for an exemplary 12-months period (3-1-2002 to 2-28-2003), the characteristics of telephone contacts with the service are studied.ResultsRising steadily in number across the first three years, 872 persons, predominately of German citizenship and higher education, consulted the service until 2003, 326 with first-episode psychosis and 144 not fulfilling criteria for a current or beginning psychosis. Of the 402 putatively prodromal patients, 94% reported predictive basic symptoms, 68.9% attenuated and 20.6% transient psychotic symptoms. Most contacts by persons meeting any prodromal criterion were initiated by mental health professionals (psychiatrists or psychologists) and counselling services.ConclusionSupported by public awareness campaigns, an early detection service is well received by its users and private practitioners as reflected by the large proportion of referrals from the latter. However, persons of non-German background as well as of lower education were underrepresented indicating that these sub-groups should be approached by tailored programmes.

Does Social Disadvantage Explain the Higher Risk of Psychosis in Immigrants? Results from the Eugei Study in London

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S65-S66
Author(s):  
S.A. Stilo ◽  
C. Gayer-Anderson ◽  
S. Beards ◽  
F. Bourque ◽  
V. Mondelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Social Disadvantage ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Psychotic Experience ◽  
Additive Interaction ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Main Effects

Evidence indicates that migrant and ethnic minority groups have an elevated risk of psychosis in a number of countries. Social disadvantage is one of the hypotheses put forward to explain these findings. The aim of this study is to investigate main effects, association and synergism between social disadvantage and migration on odds of psychotic experiences. We collected information on social disadvantage and migration from 332 patients and from 301 controls recruited from the local population in South London. Two indicators of social disadvantage in childhood and six indicators of social disadvantage in adulthood were analyzed. We found evidence that the odds of reporting psychotic experience were higher in those who experienced social disadvantage in childhood (OR= 2.88, 95% CI 2.03-4.06), social disadvantage in adulthood (OR= 9.06, 95% CI 5.21–15.74) and migration (OR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.05–2.02). When both social disadvantage and migration were considered together, the association with psychosis was slightly higher for social disadvantage in childhood and migration (OR 3.46, 95% CI 2.12–5.62) and social disadvantage in adulthood and migration (OR 9.10, 95% CI 4.63-17.86). Migrant cases were not more likely than non-migrant cases to report social disadvantage (p = 0.71) and no evidence of an additive interaction between migration and social disadvantage was found (ICR 0.32 95% CI -4.04–4.69). Preliminary results support the hypothesis that the association between social disadvantage and psychosis is independent of migration status.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Creating a sense of ‘CLOSURE’: Providing confidence intervals on some recent estimates of indigenous populations

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boyd H. Hunter ◽  
Mardi H. Dungey
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
National Level ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Dual System ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Policy Makers

The error of closure is the population growth that cannot be accounted for by either natural increase or quantifiable non-demographic factors, and is an issue that is particularly pronounced for indigenous peoples. This paper estimates Australia’s indigenous population using the dual system estimation method, and compares these to those produced using the standard undercount method. The main conclusion is that dual system estimates of the indigenous population appear to be reasonably accurate at the national level, which provide an appreciation of the reliability of existing estimates. Notwithstanding, policy makers need to take into account that population statistics are merely estimates.

scholarly journals Perceptions of a COVID-19 education public service announcement in Nunukan Regency, North Kalimantan: a qualitative study

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Tiara Putri Leksono ◽  
Avinindita Nura Lestari ◽  
Reyfal Khaidar ◽  
Yuga Putri Pramesti ◽  
Syarmila Sari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
Public Service Announcements ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Public Service Announcement ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Health Empowerment ◽  
Promotional Materials ◽  
Regional Languages

Indigenous populations experience a risk of socio-economic marginalization in health emergency, including COVID-19. Public service announcements (PSA) are promotional materials that address problems in an attempt to increase public awareness. North Kalimantan is one of the frontier, outermost, and least developed regions in Indonesia with 11 regional languages spoken. One of the districts with inadequate human resources in the area is Nunukan regency. The present study sought to understand how one group of people in Nunukan Regency reactions, interests, and impressions with the COVID-19 information found in Bugis and Toraja version of audio PSAs released by Health Empowerment and Education Project (HEUProject). The study belongs to qualitative research and used purposive sampling with seven participants from two sub-district in Nunukan Regency. The data is analyzed qualitative-thematically which is further interpreted and presented  in the form of a description. Additionally, to see the variety of participants’ answers information transmission through PSAs, we analyzed the data using Tableau software 2020 version and presented the relative frequency of words with visual infographic. The study findings of the participants' immediate reactions were following the advice on the PSAs audio, for instance to keep the physical distance and washing their hands frequently. The most participants in this study have the willingness to hear, to understand, and also feel interested with the useful content in audio format that apparently improves their awareness of COVID-19 information. Overall, it is immediately apparent that the language, transmission of message, and information found in the HEUProject’s COVID-19 educational PSA were understood and engaged by participants in a way that it reflects on the pandemic situation. Our study supports the national usage of disease prevention with this type of media approach that could be used in public places in the future that may minimize the language divide.

The experience and the prospects of Islamic finance in Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasim S. Shirazi ◽  
Laura A. Kuanova ◽  
Adilbek Ryskulov ◽  
Aziya G. Mukusheva
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Islamic Finance ◽  
Financial Industry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Bank Deposits ◽  
Further Development

Purpose This paper aims to take stock of the Islamic finance experience and aims to identify an approach for further development in Kazakhstan, using qualitative and quantitative assessments. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents a conceptual framework based on literature review and content analysis. Furthermore, the study uses a survey-based methodology to collect data and determine the prospects, challenges and possible remedies. The quantitative parameters of the potential of Islamic finance in Kazakhstan are based on the assessment of funds on bank deposits, which can be considered potential resources for Islamic financial instruments. Findings The results suggest improving the legal framework and institutional environment to grow Islamic finance in the country. Raising trust levels in a Shariah-based system within the local population, reducing transaction costs and reducing information asymmetry allow raising public awareness of Islamic finance and integrating Islamic finance into the conventional financial system. Research limitations/implications This paper is not free from limitations and does not focus on implementing the suggested results. Social implications This work elaborates in what way the Islamic finance advancement affects the development of economics and focuses on co-financing of real asset-based projects, with the risk and loss sharing; charity; strict prohibitions on the financing of haram activities, pseudo-needs; and subordination of the individual’s interests to society. Originality/value The proposed study presents originalities and it identifies the significant challenges and barriers for further Islamic financial industry development in Kazakhstan by professionals survey. Furthermore, the study assesses potential Islamic finance assets and provides recommendations for successful Islamic finance advancement, considering the peculiarities of the national economy.

Enhancing community participation in tourism planning associated with protected areas in developing countries: Lessons from Malawi

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix G Bello ◽  
Brent Lovelock ◽  
Neil Carr
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Tourism Planning ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Depth Interviews

Most studies on community participation in tourism planning only advocate the importance of the concept and/or identify barriers without articulating the required actions or strategies to actually promote community participation. Based on a study in two protected areas in Malawi, this paper identifies and discusses possible strategies that can enhance community participation in tourism planning associated with protected areas in developing countries. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The study participants were from protected area management agencies, government departments, non-governmental organisations, tourism operators and the local population surrounding the two protected areas. The findings suggest the need for a rethink on how local communities around protected areas are involved in tourism planning in developing country contexts. Six strategies emerged as major prerequisites to achieve full and active community participation: public awareness and education; capacity building; creation of linkages; use of appropriate participation methods; involvement of appropriate local community organisations and decentralisation and coordination of relevant management organisations.

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