The Theoretical Relationship between Item Difficulty and The “In Doubt” Response in Music Tests

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-172
Author(s):  
Neil A. Levendusky
Keyword(s):  
Item Difficulty ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Fourth Grade ◽  
Music Literacy ◽  
Theoretical Relationship ◽  
Musical Aptitude ◽  
Fourth Grade Students ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
The Relationship

The Musical Aptitude Profile (MAP) and the Iowa Tests of Music Literacy (ITML) were administered to 90 fourth-grade students to investigate the theoretical validity of the relationship between use of the “in doubt” response and item difficulty. The purpose of the study was to question Gordon's (the author of the test battery) theory that the use of the “in doubt” response increases as item difficulty increases. Statistically significant correlations between use of the “in doubt” response and item difficulty were found for all total tests of both batteries, the ITML Tonal subtest, Reading Recognition, and the MAP Tonal subtest, Harmony. No significant correlation coefficients were found for any of the Rhythm subtests. When the mean use of the “in doubt” response for items of extreme difficulty-very easy and very difficult—were compared, all mean differences were statistically significant except for the MAP Rhythm subtest, Meter, and the ITML Tonal subtest, Aural Perception.

Interpolated Activity in Short-Term Motor Memory

1970 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E. Stelmach ◽  
Julie L. Barber
Keyword(s):  
Memory Trace ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Motor Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hands On ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Retention Intervals ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Kinesthetic Information ◽  
With Memory

Retention of kinesthetic information from blind positioning responses was examined for 56 Ss. During a 30-sec. retention interval, half of the Ss sat quietly with their hands on the lever; the other half learned an interpolated target which required an antagonistic response. Both conditions showed significant amounts of forgetting. The mean differences between conditions as well as the differences between correlation coefficients across retention intervals were not significant. The results were consistent with memory-trace decay predictions.

THE INFLUENCE OF SOME PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES ON SOIL AGGREGATION AND RESPONSE TO VAMA

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Saini ◽  
A. A. MacLean ◽  
J. J. Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Multiple Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Mean Weight Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of the mean weight diameter of water-stable aggregates to certain soil properties (clay, organic matter, free iron, free aluminum, and polysaccharide contents) and the relationship of the increase in aggregation caused by VAMA to the same properties of 24 New Brunswick soils were evaluated by correlation and regression analyses.Simple correlation coefficients relating aggregation to soil properties indicated that organic matter (r = 0.627), polysaccharides (r = 0.602), and aluminum (r = 0.679) were the most important factors. However, when the influence of each factor was separated by partial correlation, the coefficients were not significant. On the other hand, the combined effects of all factors as indicated by the multiple correlation coefficient (r = 0.743) was significant at the 1% level. The effect of the same soil properties on response to VAMA, as shown by increase in mean weight diameter, indicated that clay exerted the greatest influence. The relationship with other factors was nonsignificant.

Relationship Between Running Velocity of 2 Distances and Various Lactate Parameters

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charilaos Papadopoulos ◽  
J. Andrew Doyle ◽  
Brian D. LaBudde
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Maximal Exercise Test ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Trained Runners

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between various lactate-threshold (LT) definitions and the average running velocity during a 10-km and a 21.1-km time trial (TT).Methods:Thirteen well-trained runners completed an incremental maximal exercise test, a 10-km TT, and a 21.1-km TT on a motorized treadmill. Blood samples were collected through a venous catheter placed in an antecubital vein. Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to determine the relationship between the running velocity at the different LT definitions and the average running velocity during each TT. A dependent t test was used to determine statistical differences for the mean lactate response between the 2 running distances.Results:The LTDmax, the point on the regression curve that yielded the maximal perpendicular distance to the straight line formed by the 2 endpoints, was the LT definition with the highest correlation for both 10-km (r = .844) and 21.1-km TTs (r = .783). The velocity at the LTDmax was not, however, the velocity closest to the performance velocity for either distance. The mean running velocity at each LT was significantly different and tended to overestimate the mean TT performance velocities. The mean lactate concentration during the 10-km TT (3.52 ± 1.58 mmol) was significantly higher than during the 21.1-km TT (1.86 ± 0.90 mmol).Conclusion:These results indicate that a single LT point cannot be reliably associated with different running distances. Furthermore, these data suggest that a different methodology for estimating the LT that considers individual responses might be required for different running distances.

A behavior genetic analysis of the relationship between humor styles and depression

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa L. Kfrerer ◽  
Nicholas G. Martin ◽  
Julie Aitken Schermer
Keyword(s):  
Monozygotic Twin ◽  
Archival Data ◽  
Dizygotic Twin ◽  
Humor Styles ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
Depressed Affect ◽  
Humor Style ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The present study examined the relationship between humor styles and depression using two methods of examination: (1) the mean humor style differences between individuals who reported that they had been diagnosed with depression versus those who did not report being depressed; and (2) the phenotypic, genetic, and environmental correlations between humor styles and a short scale assessing depressed affect created from preexisting measures in archival data. Participants were 1154 adult Australians, consisting of 339 monozygotic twin pairs and 238 dizygotic twin pairs. With respect to mean differences, depressed individuals were found to use self-defeating humor more and self-enhancing humor less than non-depressed adults. When the depressed affect scale score was analyzed, negative correlations were found with both affiliative and self-enhancing humor. A positive correlation was found between depressed affect and both aggressive and self-defeating humor. These phenotypic correlations were also found to have some significant genetic and environmental correlations.

Relationship between Air Pollutants and Visibility in Shanghai during 2006-2010

2014 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 314-317
Author(s):  
Dan Xue ◽  
Qian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Secondary Pollutants ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Air pollution has been deteriorated seriously in Shanghai as a result of urbanization and modernization. Visibility reduction is the most apparent symptom of air pollution. This paper aims to describe the characteristics of visibility and air pollutants in Shanghai, and to investigate the relationship between them. Visibility in Shanghai was higher in summer and lower in winter. The mean value of visibility during 2006-2010 was 17.8km. Air pollution in Shanghai was also serious. In 2010, Shanghai got the relative better air quality compared with the former four years. Air pollutants and visibility were negatively correlated. SO2 and NO2 had higher correlation coefficients with visibility than PM10. This suggested that the visibility in Shanghai was mainly due to secondary pollutants.

scholarly journals First Assessment of HY-1C COCTS Thermal Infrared Calibration Using MetOp-B IASI

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 635
Author(s):  
Mingkun Liu ◽  
Lei Guan ◽  
Jianqiang Liu ◽  
Qingjun Song ◽  
Chaofei Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Robust Regression ◽  
Thermal Infrared ◽  
Brightness Temperatures ◽  
Hyper Spectral ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Collocated Grid ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Spatial Window ◽  
The Relationship

The Chinese Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner (COCTS) onboard the Haiyang-1C (HY-1C) satellite was launched in September 2018. Accurate and stable calibration is one of the important factors when deriving geophysical parameters with high quality. The first assessment of HY-1C COCTS thermal infrared calibration is conducted in this research. We choose the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) onboard the MetOp-B satellite as the reference instrument, mainly due to its hyper-spectral characteristic and accurate calibration superiority. The brightness temperatures (BTs) from the two HY-1C COCTS thermal infrared bands centered near 11 and 12 µm are collocated with the IASI in the spatial window of 0.12° × 0.12° and temporal window of half an hour. The homogeneity filtering of matchups is also carried out by setting the relative standard deviation (RSD) thresholds on each collocated grid and its neighboring grids. Based on the filtered matchups, the HY-1C COCTS BTs from the 11 and 12 µm channels are compared with IASI. The mean differences of COCTS minus IASI are 2.68 and 3.18 K for the 11 and 12 μm channels, respectively. The corresponding standard deviations (SDs) are also 0.29 and 0.28 K, respectively. In addition, the BT differences show latitude-dependence and BT-dependence. In order to correct the HY-1C COCTS thermal infrared BTs, the latitude-dependent coefficients are obtained to express the relationship between the BT differences and IASI BTs using the linear robust regression. After the BT correction, the biases and BT-dependence of the COCTS original BT minus IASI differences are removed. Further, the SDs decrease to 0.21 K for the 11 and 12 μm channels. Overall, the calibration of the HY-1C COCTS thermal infrared channels remains stable and the accuracy is around 0.2 K after inter-calibration.

scholarly journals KORELASI ANTARA PERHATIAN ORANG TUA DENGAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA KELAS IV SDN SEKARPURO, KAB. MALANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Supriono Agus Tekege ◽  
Heri Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Student Achievement ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Fourth Grade ◽  
Pearson Product Moment Correlation ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Fourth Grade Students ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Class Iv

The purpose of this study to determine (1) the learning achievement of fourth grade students of SD Negeri Sekarpuro; (2) The parent's attention Elementary School fourth grade students Sekarpuro; and (3) the relationship between parents' attention to student achievement Sekarpuro Elementary School fourth grade. The data were collected by distributing questionnaires to 41 levels of parental attention fourth grade students of SDN Sekarpuro and retrieve data class IV student achievement based on the SDN Sekarpuro Middle Semester Exam (UTS). Data analysis was performed with data analysis techniques assisted Pearson Product Moment correlation SPSS 2.1 for windows. The result showed that the level of parent,s attention of fourth grade students of SDN Sekarpuro level of attention from their parents as much as 92.7% at the high category, and 7.3% were in the moderate category. Achievement of fourth grade students of SDN Sekarpuro showed excellent criterion 68.3% and 31.7% better. Based on the results of hypothesis testing, after being tested by using SPSS 21 for windws known that r-count of 0661. The analysis results greater than r table for N = 41 with significant level of 5% ie 0,308. Because the value of r count is greater than r table (0.661> 0.308) it can be concluded that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is received, or in other words there is a significant relationship between parent's attention to student achievement Sekarpuro fourth grade SDN subdistrict of Pakis, District of  Malang.

scholarly journals Validation of a Human Pose Tracking Algorithm for Measuring Upper Limb Joints: Comparison With Photography-based Goniometry

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingtang Zhu ◽  
Jingyuan Fan ◽  
Fanbin Gu ◽  
Lulu Lv ◽  
Zhejin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Tracking Algorithm ◽  
Shoulder Abduction ◽  
Intra Class Correlation ◽  
Pose Tracking ◽  
Rgb Images ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Differences

Abstract Background: Range of motion (ROM) measurements are essential for diagnosing and evaluating upper extremity conditions. Clinical goniometry is the most commonly used methods but it is time-consuming and skill-demanding. Recent advances in human tracking algorithm suggest potential for automatic angle measuring from RGB images. It provides an attractive alternative for at-distance measuring. However, the reliability of this method has not been fully established. The purpose of this study is to evaluate if the results of algorithm are as reliable as human raters in upper limb movements.Methods: Thirty healthy young adults (20 males, 10 females) participated in this study. Participants were asked to performed a 6-motion task including movement of shoulder, elbow and wrist. Images of movements were capture by commercial digital camera. Each movement was measured by a pose tracking algorithm and compared with the surgeon-measurement results. The mean differences between the two measurements were compared. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to determine the relationship. Reliability was investigated by the intra-class correlation coefficients.Results: Comparing this algorithm-based method with manual measurement, the mean differences were less than 3 degrees in 5 motions (shoulder abduction: 0.51; shoulder elevation: 2.87; elbow flexion:0.38; elbow extension:0.65; wrist extension: 0.78) except wrist flexion. All the intra-class correlation coefficients were larger than 0.60. The Pearson coefficients also showed high correlations between the two measurements (p<0.001). Conclusions: Our results indicated that pose estimation is a reliable method to measure the shoulder and elbow angles, supporting RGB images for measuring joint ROM. Our results proved the possibility that patients can assess their ROM by photos taken by a digital camera.Trial registration: This study was registered in the Clinical Trials Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University (2021-387).

scholarly journals TEACHING VOCABULARY USING ANIMAL PICTURES AS A TEACHING AID: THE CASE OF THE FOURTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SD (ELEMENTARY SCHOOL) 2 PAPRINGAN, KUDUS

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulin Nafiati
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Fourth Grade ◽  
Teaching Aid ◽  
Fourth Grade Students ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Animal Names ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Learning English

The objectives of the study are (1) To find out the vocabulary mastery of the fourth grade students of SD 2 Papringan using animal pictures, (2) To know the problem faced by the fourth grade students of SD 2 Papringan in studying vocabulary using animal pictures, and (3) To know the possible solutions to overcome the problems are faced by the fourth grade students of SD 2 Papringan in studying vocabulary using animal picture. The subjects are all the fourth grade students of SD 2 Papringan. The total number of the students are 28 students. This research used the descriptive qualitative method. The research instruments used test and questionaire. The result of the result shows that (1) Students’ vocabulary using animal pictures as a teaching aid is appropiate in teaching vocabulary. It is proven of the test result that 11 (39%) students who got A (Outstanding), 9 (23%) students who got B (Above average), 8 (29%) students who got C (Average), 0 (0%) student who got D (Below average), and 0 (0%) student who got E (Insufficient). It indicates that most of the students are able to do the test because the mean of the students’ score is 81, 57. (2) In teaching learning process there were some problems faced by students are; the students of the fourth grade do not like learning English, they do not know about simple English vocabulary, the students of the fourth grade do not know the English animal names, the students of the fourth grade feel difficult in learning vocabulary without using picture, and the students of the fourth grade do not like to be taught vocabulary, especially animal without pictures. (3) For possible solutions to overcome the problems faced by the students are; the teacher has to select the interesting media to the students in learning English in order to make the students feel enjoy in studying, the teacher should give more information about English animal names, the teacher has to use picture as the teaching aid in order to avoid difficulties in teaching and learning vocabulary, and the teacher has to use picture as a teaching aid to attract the students’ interest in learning vocabulary in particular about animal pictures, so they do not feel bored.

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